• 통상정보연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.315-327
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• 2008

According to the Bank Profitabilities Statistics of OECD members, Our domestic banks applying commissions for both exchange and selling/buying foreign currencies are evaluated as much higher than those of other countries banks. The theory indicates an analysis results and comparison in between banks over the world. Our domestic bank assert that, in general, the aggregated banking commission income is lower than those of other countries by comparing in the field of non-interests profits. Viewing by another analysis in details, some commission rate applying to domestic services are far below than cost basis, but other commission rate applying to foreign currency transaction services is abnormally higher. Such unfair rate should be lowered to the similar level to other banks in the world and also the actual cost should be reasonably reevaluated in the reasonable manner. One more thing, The writer suggest that domestic banks should spend efforts to increase their income by improving and diversifying with the various type of new commissions applied to domestic market, such as multi-functional financial services, expanding ATM services, electronic settling technique etc under today's rapidly changing and opening world financial market.

• 무역학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.173-194
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• 2021

This study aims to derive precaution points for issuing banks in refusing payment under L/C through literature review and examination of court cases and official opinions of ICC Banking Commission with regard to the provisions of article 16 of UCP 600 that stipulates obligations of issuing banks in refusing payment. If the issuing bank fails to act in accordance with this article, it shall be precluded from claiming that the documents do not constitute a complying presentation. Therefore, it is crucial that issuing banks should be well informed of this article. When discrepant documents are presented, however, issuing banks seldom refuse payment because, in most cases, the applicants waive the discrepancies. For this reason, issuing banks have few chances to deal with payment refusal in practice and thus they occasionally end up failing to observe the provisions of the article. Such court cases include Kookmin Bank and Korean Exchange Bank (currently Hana Bank) that failed to indicate discrepancies in the refusal notice losing the lawsuits. It should be noted that if issuing banks disregard the provisions of article 16 of UCP 600 and thus fail to indicate discrepancies in the refusal notice, they may face fatal situations in which they must make payment against discrepant documents.