• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권9호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of non-bank depository institutions (non-bank financial corporations) lending to firms. The paper aims to contribute to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence from firm-level data and unveiling factors related to access to non-bank financial corporations by firms. Research design, data, and methodology - We used the data on borrowing by firms from CRETOP from years 2008 to 2011. Using the manufacturing industry, we examined what firm-level characteristics explained the increase in borrowing from non-bank financial corporations rather than the banks. Results - Analyzing the firm-level data from 2008 to 2011, we found that firms were more likely to borrow from non-bank financial insti­tutions as the size of the firm increases, implying that large firms have more access to non-bank financing than small and medium-sized firms. In addition, it also showed that small and medium-sized firms moved to non-bank financial corporations for loans. Conclusion - Non-bank depository institutions are not a sub­stitute for bank lending to firms. More specifically, they replace bank lending to firms mostly for large firms rather than small and medium-sized firms. Also, collateral and other firm-level characteristics do not matter in accounting for non-bank lending to firms.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.8-20
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• 2016

Banks are the engines that drive the operations in financial sector, money markets and growth of economy. With growing banking industry in India, frauds in Banks are increasing and fraudsters are becoming more sophisticated and ingenious. Shockingly, banking industry in India dubs rising fraud as "an inevitable cost of doing business." As part of study, a questionnaire-based survey was conducted in 2012-13 among 345 Bank employees "to know their perception towards bank frauds and evaluate factors that influence the degree of their compliance level." The study reveals, "there are poor employment practices and lack of effective employee training; usually over-burdened staff, weak internal control systems, and low compliance levels on the part of Bank Managers, Offices and Clerks. Although banks cannot be 100% secure against unknown threats, a certain level of preparedness can go a long way in countering fraud risk. Internal audit professionals should play an integral role in organization's fraud-fighting efforts. Some other promising steps are: educate customers about fraud prevention, make application of laws more stringent, leverage the power of data analysis technologies, follow fraud mitigation best practices, and employ multipoint scrutiny.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.349-360
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• 2020

The study aims to empirically examine the determinants of bank margins from Pakistan, an emerging South Asian economy. To elucidate the importance of the Pakistani banking sector, secondary data has been used, which was extracted from the annual accounts of twenty-four Pakistani scheduled commercial banks (20 conventional, four full-fledged Islamic) over a sample period of 2006 to 2017. The factors identified in the dealership model and the subsequent empirical developments in the dealership model categorized as bank-specific, diversification, regulatory, and industry concentration are analyzed by applying the most-common linear dynamic panel-data estimator, the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator, developed by Arellano and Bond (1991). The findings reveal that, among the bank-specific variables, funding cost, credit risk, managerial efficiency, market share, and operating cost are significant predictors of bank margins. For diversification variables employed in the study, both variables including net non-interest income and asset diversity are as well significant predictors of bank margins. It is also found that the market concentration variable proxied by the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) is significantly predicting bank margins. Subsequently, one of the regulatory variables, the opportunity cost of holding reserves, and one bank-specific variable, the degree of risk aversion, are insignificant in the model.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.247-266
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• 2005

이 글의 목적은 동남경제권의 부품소재생산기업의 비재무적 및 재무적지표가 주거래은행관계 형성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보는데 있다. 분석결과 지역의 소규모금융기관은 지역소기업의 금융제약을 완화해주는데 기여한다는 관계적 대출이론이나 지역금융시장이론의 가설을 뒷받침해줄만한 결과를 얻을 수 없었다. 비재무적 요인이 주거래은행관계 형성에 미치는 영향에 관한 분석에 의하면 전국기타가 거래적 금융을 지향하고 있는 가운데 국민은행과 기업은행이 지역영세기업의 주거래은행으로서 중요한 기능을 수행하고 있다. 그리고 재무적 요인이 주거래은행관계 형성에 미치는 영향에 관한 분석에서도 수익성과 안정성의 측면에서 비은행 금융기관과 국민은행의 주거래기업이 다른 은행의 그것에 비해 높고 안정적이다. 전체적으로 볼 때 지방은행의 지역밀착도는 강하지 않다. 즉 그것은 다른 은행과의 경쟁에 많이 노출되어 있으며 영업기반은 그리 확고하지 못한 것으로 보인다.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.131-142
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• 2010

Due to the development of the Internet, Internet banking that we are liberated from time and space has evolved into banking system. So modern life became comfortable. However, Dysfunction (malicious Information leakage and hacking etc.) of the Internet development has become a serious social problem. According to this, The need for security is rapidly growing. In this paper, we proposed the Internet Banking Authentication System using a dual-channel in OTP(One Time Password) authentication. This technology is that A user transfer transaction information to Bank through one Internet channel then bank transfer transaction information to user using the registered mobile phone or smart phone. If user confirm transaction information then bank request user's OTP value. User create OTP value and transfer to bank and bank authenticate them throgth the ARS. If authentication is pass then transaction permitted. Security assessment that the proposed system, the security requirement that the confidentiality and integrity, authentication, repudiation of all of the features provide a key length is longer than the current Internet banking systems, such as using encryption, the security provided by the Financial Supervisory Service Level 1 rating can be applied to more than confirmed.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.625-630
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• 2017

본 연구는 우리나라 은행의 중소기업대출과 자기자본비율 및 경영성과의 관계를 분석하였다. 또한 은행 중소기업대출과 자기자본비율 및 경영성과의 관계가 금융위기를 전후하여 유의적인 차이가 존재하는지를 분석하였다. 연구 결과에 따르면 우리나라의 은행 중소기업대출은 은행 자기자본비율과 경영성과에 유의적 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 자기자본비율의 분석에서는 모든 분석 결과에서 유의한 결과를 보인 반면, 경영성과 분석에서는 일부 경영성과 지표에서 유의한 결과를 보였다. 또한 은행 중소기업대출과 자기자본비율 및 경영성과의 관계는 금융위기 전후에 걸쳐 유의한 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 자기자본비율 분석에서는 모든 분석결과에서 유의한 결과를 보인 반면, 경영성과 분석에서는 일부 지표에서 유의한 결과를 보였다. 금융위기 이후 은행 중소기업 대출이 은행 자기자본비율 및 경영성과 개선에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 금융위기 이전에는 중소기업 대출이 기본 자기자본비율에 부정적 영향을 미치는 반면, 중소기업 대출이 BIS자기자본비율 및 경영성과에 미치는 유의한 영향은 발견되지 않았다. 그러나 금융위기 이후에는 중소기업 대출이 기본 자기자본비율 뿐 아니라 BIS 자기자본비율 및 경영성과의 개선에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 금융위기를 전후하여 우리나라 은행의 중소기업 대출이 은행 자기자본비율 및 경영성과 개선에 미치는 영향에 유의적 변화가 있는 것으로 진단된다. 본 연구는 은행의 기업의 자금중개기능 측면 및 은행 대출자산 구성 측면에서 중요성을 가지는 은행 중소기업대출을 중심으로 은행 자기자본비율과 경영성과의 관계를 미시적 관점에서 분석하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 본 연구는 은행의 중소기업대출 행태 결정요인, 중소기업대출 기법 중심이 주류를 이루고 있는 기존 은행 중소기업대출 연구에 새로운 결과를 제시할 것으로 기대된다. 금융위기를 전후하여 우리나라 은행의 중소기업 대출이 은행 자기자본비율 및 경영성과 개선에 미치는 영향이 변화가 있다는 본 연구결과는 은행의 중소기업 대출관계 변화 및 중소기업 금융 활성화 등에 유의미한 시사점을 줄 것으로 기대된다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2018

Purpose - This paper explores the determinants of bank lending to firms during and after the global financial crisis using firm- and bank-level data to answer the questions what caused the contraction of lending to firms despite the loosening monetary policy during this crisis period. Research design, data, and methodology - We investigate the effects of the monetary policy that followed the global financial crisis on firms borrowing. We use a dynamic panel model to address how firms lending respond to monetary policy. The data are obtained from CRETOP and we consider the manufacturing sector for the analysis to control for unobserved heterogeneity such as industry-specific shocks. Results - The findings from the empirical analysis suggest that both bank- and firm-level characteristics are significant determinants of bank lending. Especially, we find that corporate risk, measured by default risk, is one of the key factors that led to a decline in lending during the crisis. Conclusions - This paper shows that companies borrow more from liquid banks, and high bank capital can also contribute to an increase in a firm's borrowing from banks. Especially, the results confirm that the default rate measured at the firm level has increased during and after the global financial crisis, which implies that default risk interplays with other firm and bank-level characteristics.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2019

Telemarketing has been used in finance due to the reduction of offline channels. In order to select telemarketing target customers, various machine learning techniques have emerged to maximize the effect of minimum cost. However, there are problems that the class imbalance, which the number of marketing success customers is smaller than the number of failed customers, and the recall rate is lower than accuracy. In this paper, we propose a method that solve the imbalanced class problem and increase the recall rate to improve the efficiency. The hybrid sampling method is applied to balance the data in the class, and the stacked deep network is applied to improve the recall and precision as well as the accuracy. The proposed method is applied to actual bank telemarketing data. As a result of the comparison experiment, the accuracy, the recall, and the precision is improved higher than that of the conventional methods.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.271-278
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• 2020

Modern financial services go beyond the stage of internet banking, and new concepts of financial transactions such as Internet of Things, mobile banking, electronic payments, and fintech have emerged. As a result, banks are less influential in financial transactions, and changes are being demanded. In the present era, the basic business of banks has decreased, and it is transforming into a space where both consumer finance work and reside. The bank office stands for the brand image of the bank, and it is represented by trust with customers in the basic business of financial transactions, and the rise in real estate value is a natural social phenomenon due to the nature of the location and location of real estate owned by the bank. The business method and space of the bank office that meets the new paradigm of the modern society is an inefficient space only for the convenience and rest of consumers, but it must be used as a variety of spaces suitable for the region to increase the functional value of the bank office. Through this study, as a convenience space for consumers, various service facilities should be introduced to understand the characteristics of the region as a convenience space for consumers, and various service facilities should be introduced to meet the needs of consumers, and the bank office should be improved as a complex service space for local residents.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.87-97
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• 2014

Pharming attack is a confidence trick that the hacker catch away customers financial information on Internet banking. At first, a hacker installs malicious execution code on customers PC in secret. As a customer tries to connect a Internet banking Web site, the malicious code changes it to phishing site in Internet explorer. The hacker catch away customers financial information in process of internet banking. The hacker steals money from customer's bank account using stolen information. PKI is a widespread and strong technology for providing the security using public key techniques. The main idea of PKI is the digital certificate that is a digitally signed statement binding an user's identity information and his public key. The Internet banking service stands on the basis of PKI. However, the bank is trusted in natural, the only customer is certified in the present Internet banking. In this paper, we propose a method of cross certification in Internet banking. The customer certify a bank and the bank certify the customer in proposed method. The method can service to customer the secure Internet banking about pharming attack. We compare the proposed method with other methods.