• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.621-629
• /
• 2008

This paper presents a low temperature co-fire ceramics(LTCC) Upconverter for a Ka-band OBS satellite transponder in order for size reduction which is one of the most important requirement for satellite components. A S-band low-pass filter(LPF), a K-band band-pass filter(BPF), and an upconverting MMIC mixer are embedded in the multi-layer structure of the upconverter. All spurious can be selectively rejected by employing a modified Elliptic low pass filter with a multi-pole structure for the S-band LPF. Also an improved performance of out-of-band rejection can be obtained. At the K-band BPF design a layer coupled configuration is employed. The upconverting mixer is an MMIC diode mixer with a double-balanced configuration. Conversion loss and isolation of the upconverter are 9 dB and 51 dBc, respectively. The size of the LTCC upconverter is only $8{\times}7{\times}0.6mm^3$ which is one-third for the thin-film based upconverter.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.20 no.8
• /
• pp.714-720
• /
• 2009

In this paper, design and the implementation method of a band-tunable ultra-wideband planar doubler are described Microstrip-to-CPS(balun) transition and Microstrip-to-CPW transition are respectively used for input/output matching circuits for the doubler. The Input balun structure allows to apply diode bias, and the doubler output frequency is tunable by changing the diode bias voltage. With the bias voltage of -0.6 V, the measured operating frequency band of the implemented doubler is $10{\sim}20$ GHz, with the bias voltage of $-0.2{\sim}-0.4$ V, the operating frequency band is $10{\sim}30$ GHz, and with 0 V bias, the operating frequency band is $20{\sim}30$ GHz. The doubler provides conversion loss of less than 15 dB and fundamental frequency suppression of 30 dB.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.1193-1199
• /
• 1966

More stable and higher yields in rice paddy depend mainly upon an adequately balanced supply of water for higher yield. Rice paddy is supplied naturally by rainfall but inevitably requires artificial supplenental irrigation for higher yields. Even though it may be true that the water requirement of rice plants is generally higher than those of other crops, the submerged condition is not necessarily required for rice. The moisture requirements of rice vary according to its growing stages and it is possible to increse the irrigation efficiency by means of lessening the loss due to percolation and evapolation in the field. This experiment was conducted on the effect of the various amount of water supply and different irrigation periods for yield and yield components, and was carried out to find out the most suitable irrigation method and to increase the irrigation efficiency for higher yields in rice paddy. Randomized block design with 3 replications was employed where the 3 levels of the amount of irrigation water; (120% moisture contents), unirrigated (90~100%) and more un irrigated candition (80~90% moisture content), and levels of the various irrigation periods; usual, initial, intermediate and final periods, being treated. The results obtained in this experiment are as follows: 1. As for the physical and chemical and soil properfies, and other characteristics, there are no differences among the treatments enough to be effective for the growth of rice plants. 2. Culm length was measured after harvest as shown in table 2. 3. Difference of the amount of irrigation water did not change the culm length and ear length, however it also indicated more apparent increase in final treatment plots thatn that of usual. 3. No difference in the number of ears and number of ears pers per hill was founded treatments both in the difference of water supply and in the various irrigation periods. 4. There is no difference in the maturing rate and 1000 grains weight. 5. The number of panicles and grains and more increased in 80~100% moisture contents soil than those of 120%. and it shows in un irrigated plots, more irrigated plots and control plots in turn. Other wise according to the period\ulcorner of irrigation the trend is appeared in turn initial, usual, final and intermediate treatments.6. Yield as shown in table 7. 8 was more increased in unirrigated plots(90~IOO% moisture content) than the control plots (120% moisture content) by up to 8.2% and also 3. 2% in more unirrigated plots than that of control by periods is shown: usual plots final, initial, inter mediate treatment plots in turn. 7. The above resutts lead to the conclusion that no remarkable, differences in yields and soil properties are made by the unirrigation. However, it is apparent that this treatment has .some advantages in the points that one could spare the amount of water supply for irrigation with more increase in yield. In addition, a higher temperature and a brisk oxygen supply would be possible throug h this treatments. Accordingly, these treatment would be a more reasonable and economical cultivation method of rice for the better harvest.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.155-169
• /
• 1997

This study investigated the effect of weight control by using the commercial appetite suppressant ((-)-hydroxycitric acid(HCA) formula) and nutrition education on 72 obese women over a period of 8 weeks. During the study it conducted nutritional education for women to control their weight, thus analyzed their changes in anthropometric variables. All obese women were randomized in a double-blind method to consume either HCA(HCA group : experimental group) or placebo(placebo group : control group). Two groups were also divided randomly into 2 groups combined with commercial formula diet in 1 meal a day(HD group and PD group : HCA + gormula diet and placebo + formula diet) or not(HO group and conducted with 4 groups(HD, HO, PD, and PO group). All subjects were assigned to consume 800-1500kcal/d balanced diet which is 500kcal less than their usual energy requirement. To evaluate the effect of the weight control program, weight, percent of body fat, waist and hip circumferences, and 5 skinfold thickness were measured up to 5 times in all obese women. The mean weight of the subjects at the onset of the study was 76.5$\pm$10.6kg. The mean body mass index(BMI) wa 30.1$\pm$3.8 and it was in the upper 5 percentile of mean BMI of Korean women. At the end of the program, mean weight loss was 3.5kg after 2 weeks(p<0.001), and 5.8kg after 4 weeks(p<0.001). The waist, hip ratio(WHR) and skinfold thickness measurements of biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac and abdominum showed significant reduction over the entire study period(p<0.05). These outcome were evaluated by effect of nutritional education and counselling. The reduction of % of body fat was significantly different among the 4 groups. Women who administrated HCA demonstrated more change in weight, BMI than the placebo group. There was also significant reduction in body composition (% of body fat, WHR, and skinfold thickness) than the other groups. The HD group which was administrated HCA combined with formula diet was more decreased than other groups. It showed that this program using commercial HCA and formula diet induced not only a change in weight but also a change in body composition. The outcome of this study suggests that HCA has a more effctive change on weight control which is carried out with nutritional education and counselling.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.58 no.1
• /
• pp.50-57
• /
• 2020

The loss of posterior support and the abnormal jaw relation can cause pathologic findings. If deep bite patients with multiple missing teeth, can not have the stable posterior contact, the mandible moves posteriorly, and consequently the overjet and overbite get worse. And when the mandibular irregular occlusal plane is corrected, it is easier to have the bilateral balanced occlusion with the maxilla. So the treatment goal is to give proper posetrior support and establish appropriate anterior guidance, and ultimately provide improved mastication and esthetics recovery. In this case, a 68 year old man, having deep bite without posterior support was evaluated by the vertical dimesion decision flow-chart. An available prosthetic height, anterior occlusal relation such as overjet, overbite and the esthetic part such as facial height and the cephalometric analysis are the factors to be considered.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.119-129
• /
• 2000

The skin is an organ that has many important roles, including protection against infection, regulation of temperature and fluid loss, and sensory function. Injury to the skin, wound repair normally involves: (1) balanced activity of inflammation, (2) the re-epithelial phase and (3) the matrix formation of remodeling phase. Thus, skin wound healing is a finely controlled biological process involving a series of complex cellular interactions. Laser therapy is being implemented with increasing frequency in medicine. Low intensity laser is one that is capable of producing an energy density so low that any biologic alterations are the result of direct irradiation effect, not thermal events. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of low intensity laser therapy on skin wound healing in rabbits. A total of 10 male rabbits (New Zealand White Rabbit), age 8 weeks were used. Skin wound were surgically created dorso-lateral on the flank of 10 rabbits (2$\times$2 cm/damage areas). The experimental animals were treated with 5Hz (830 nm wave length) low-intensity laser (MILTA-01 Model) daily for 10 min (1.6 J/$cm^2$) for 12 days. Control animals were sham treated with the laser head. Laser irradiation animals showed a complete remodeling of the epithelial layer, a positive repair of connective tissues, and enhanced the wound closure rate over time as compared to the control animals. Especially, laser irradiation groups improved fibroblast activity, cellular content, granulation tissue formation, and collagen deposition which is resulted in improving the tensile strength of the wound. These findings suggest that laser photostimulation could accelerate healing of open wound in rabbits, and may be benefit in the treatment of open wound, including decubitis ulcers.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.163-174
• /
• 2012

This study focused on the nutrition knowledge, food purchase behaviors, and dietary habits of 213 housewives (41 women under 39 years, 98 women 40~49 years, and 74 women over 50 years). Younger housewives held more special jobs, whereas older housewives worked as housewives or had no jobs ($p$<0.05). The average monthly income of the three family groups was 3,000,000~5,000,000 won, and the monthly dietary expenditure for all three groups was 200,000~500,000 won. Familial frames for the three groups was nuclear family (over 80%), but housewives younger than 39 years (19.5%) lived together with their parents and let them take care of their children. Housewives (over 50 years) prepared a balanced diet for every meal, utilized less drastic cooking methods to prevent loss of nutrients, and shopped at many places in order to save money on various food materials. Further, they purchased food materials that resulted in the least amount of left overs. On the other hand, housewives under 39 years visited large supermarkets and purchased cooked foods more than other groups. Housewives under 39 years considered nutrients content as the most important factor when purchasing food materials, whereas 74.5% of housewives between 40~49 years and 51.4% of housewives over 50 years put the most importance on flavor ($p$<0.05). Housewives under 39 years were interested in manufacture date, nutrient content, and food price, in decreasing order, whereas housewives between 40~49 years and over 50 years were interested in manufacture date, food prices, and nutrient content. Older housewives were interested in brown rice and fruits, whereas younger housewives under 39 years were interested in meat, fish, eggs, fried foods, and fast food. Older housewives over 50 years did not consume fried foods more than two times per week and consumed three regular meals more often than younger housewives. Accordingly, for younger housewives, it is necessary that healthy foods be cooked for their families.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.75-94
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze the major issues discussed among Parties and provide a framework for predicting the agreements on those issues, prior to the final negotiation on a new legally-binding agreement on climate change adaptation in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The analyses of documents, adaptation actions, and work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP) under the UNFCCC informed that the adaptation issue has primarily been focused on the support of developed country Parties for the adaptation of developing country Parties following the principle of the Convention, Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities (CBDR-RC). Three-year work of the ADP acknowledged the major issues on adaptation in the new climate agreement, which would be categorized as long-term and global aspects, commitments/contributions/actions, monitoring and evaluation, institutional arrangements, and loss and damage. A final agreement on each issue could be predicted by setting a zone of possible agreement in-between the two extremes of developing and developed country Parties and considering three major elements affecting the Parties' positions, national priority, adaptation action, and social expectation, which are proposed in this study. The three major elements should be considered in a balanced manner by Parties to draw a durable agreement that will enhance global adaptation actions from a long-term perspective. That is, the agreement needs to reflect adaptation actions occurring outside the Convention as well as social expectations for adaptation. It is expected that the new agreement on climate change adaptation, from a long-term and global perspective, would be an opportunity to reduce vulnerability and build resilience to climate change by incorporating global expectations.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.324-330
• /
• 2018

In order to produce a stable denture for severe alveolar bone loss area, it is not only important that .0a suitable occlusion is established but also to consider compatibility with the surrounding muscle to form a suitable polished surfaces. Neutral zone is defined as a potential area where the neuromuscular system of the tongue, cheeks and lips is balanced can be determined through the neutral zone impression technique. And if artificial teeth are aligned within the neutral zone and the polished surface follows the anatomical form of the dynamic muscle, higher stability and retention of the denture may be obtained through coordination with the surrounding muscle tissue. This case is being reported since the concept of the neutral zone was applied to a patient with severely atrophic residual alveolar ridge and the result was clinically satisfactory in both function and aesthetics.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.633-642
• /
• 2021

Growing demand for electricity, when combined with the need to limit carbon emissions, drives a huge increase in renewable energy industry. In the electric power system, electricity supply always needs to be balanced with electricity demand and network losses to maintain safe, dependable, and stable system operation. There are three broad challenges when it comes to a power system with a high penetration of renewable energy: transient stability, small signal stability, and frequency stability. Transient stability analyze the system response to disturbances such as the loss of generation, line-switching operations, faults, and sudden load changes in the first several seconds following the disturbance. Small signal stability refers to the system's ability to maintain synchronization between generators and steady voltages when it is subjected to small perturbations such as incremental changes in system load. Frequency stability refers to the ability of a power system to maintain steady frequency following a severe system upset resulting in significant imbalance between generation and load. In this paper, we discusses these stability using system simulation by renewable energy deployment plan, and also analyses the influence of the renewable energy sources to the grid stability.