• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권12호
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• pp.201-216
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• 1998

This study was conducted to assess the nutrient intake and diet quality of college students in Seoul. Dietary survery data were obtained by 24-hour recall method from 774 students, 553 males and 191 females. Mean daily intake of energy was 2,480kcal with 56.4% of energy intake from carbohydrate, 14.6% from protein, and 25.5% from fat. Percentage of fat was higher than mean values of National Nutrition Survey(NNS), adults in rural area or younger students in previous studies. Mean daily intakes of calcium and vitamin A did not meet RDA levels in both sexes and intake of iron in females was insufficient to meet RDA level. The percentage of animal food to total food intake was 25% and consumption of meat, beverage and milk group was higher than those of National Nutrition Survey(NNS). When the consumption of 5 major food groups(grain, meat, milk, fruit, vegetable) were evaluated, 22% of students consumed all 5 groups and 47% consumed 4 groups, which show more balanced food group intake than adults in rural area. Food groups which were omitted frequently were milk and fruit. These results show that college students in Seoul consume better diet than subjects of National Nutrition Survey(NNS) or adults in rural area. However, high fat intake, low calcium and vitamin A intake and low iron level in women were observed. Majority(78%) of students had at least one food group omitted in their diet. Appropriate nutrition education may help to improve the quality of diet in these students.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.121-136
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• 2023

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have many potential applications and unique challenges. Some problems of WSNs are: severe resources' constraints, low reliability and fault tolerant, low throughput, low scalability, low Quality of Service (QoS) and insecure operational environments. One significant solution against mentioned problems is hierarchical and clustering-based multipath routing. But, existent algorithms have many weaknesses such as: high overhead, security vulnerabilities, address-centric, low-scalability, permanent usage of optimal paths and severe resources' consumption. As a result, this paper is proposed an energy-aware, congestion-aware, location-based, data-centric, scalable, hierarchical and clustering-based multipath routing algorithm based on Numerical Taxonomy technique for homogenous WSNs. Finally, performance of the proposed algorithm has been compared with performance of LEACH routing algorithm; results of simulations and statistical-mathematical analysis are showing the proposed algorithm has been improved in terms of parameters like balanced resources' consumption such as energy and bandwidth, throughput, reliability and fault tolerant, accuracy, QoS such as average rate of packet delivery and WSNs' lifetime.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.596-603
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• 2019

무선 센서 네트워크에서 배치된 노드의 기능을 변경하거나 갱신하기 위해 노드의 소프트웨어 코드를 업데이트하는 재프로그래밍 동작은 필수적이다. 본 논문은 무선 센서 네트워크에서 노드의 재프로그래밍을 목적으로 노드의 전송에너지를 최소화하는 최적화 알고리즘을 제안한다. 또한 네트워크의 수명을 오래 유지하기 위해 전체 노드의 에너지 소모를 균형있게 유지하도록 알고리즘을 설계한다. 본 논문에서는 많은 수의 노드가 배치된 무선 센서 네트워크에서 전송에너지의 최소화와 에너지 소모의 균형화를 위해 새로운 이웃해 생성방식을 가진 타부서치 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 적정한 수행 시간 내에 최적의 결과를 도출하도록 설계되었다. 제안된 타부서치 알고리즘의 성능은 노드의 전송에너지와 남은 에너지, 알고리즘 수행시간 측면에서 평가되었으며, 성능 평가 결과에서 이전의 방식에 비해 우수한 성능을 보였다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 E
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• pp.2423-2425
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• 1999

During the last years demands for higher visual comfort, flexibility of the lighting system in new type of office structures, especially intelligent building, and compatibility with work at VDU place increased. At the same time better lighting conditions should be realized by energy-effective system leading to less consumption of energy. In the intelligent building need the now type of lighting control system, also it should be included for a human-sensibility. It is shown that when designing lighting for intelligent building, greater importances should be attached to the creation of a well-balanced luminance distribution in the field and research for the people by the Ergonomics Planning.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.484-492
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• 2005

The purposes of the study were to analyze nutrients of the menus served and to evaluate students' nutrient consumption at school food services. Three middle schools (boys, girls, and co-ed schools) were located in Seoul and Kyunggi Province. A weighed plate method was employed to measure plate wastes and consumption of the menus served. Data was collected for 3 consecutive days at each school. Nutrient analyses for the served and consumed menus were performed using CAN-PRO. On average the students consumed $67\%$ of the menus they were served. By menu category, the students consumed more than $90\%$ of the rice and one-dish foods they were served. Kimchis ($54\%$) and soups/stews ($55\%$) were the menu categories with the lowest consumption rates. The menus served at the boys and coed schools did not meet 1/3 of the recommended daily allowances (RDA) for calcium, iron, and vitamin $B_2$. Due to the plate wastes, the actual consumption of the boys school students did not meet the 1/3 RDA for calories, calcium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$ vitamin $B_2$ and niacin. The menus served at the girls school exceeded the 1/3 RDA for all nutrients, but the actual consumption did not meet the 1/3 RDA for calcium, iron, and vitamin $B_2$. During the 3-day periods, the served and consumed menus provided $27\%$ and $24\%$ of energy from fat, which exceeded the recommended proportion of $20\%$. To improve nutrition management at school food services, dietitians should understand factors that influence students' consumption and implement nutrition education programs that emphasize balanced diets.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 센서노드가 전력소모를 줄이기 위하여 주기적으로 휴면상태를 갖는 듀티사이클 기반 무선센서 네트워크를 고려한다. 이러한 네트워크에서는 듀티사이클 간격이 커진다면 전력소모는 감소하지만 종단간 지연시간은 늘어나게 된다. 무선센서네트워크의 많은 애플리케이션은 지연시간에 민감하며 패킷이 센서노드로부터 싱크노드에게 전달되는 데 있어서 지연시간제약 요구사항이 있다. 기존의 대부분의 연구는 종단간 지연시간을 줄이는 것에만 초점을 맞추고 지연시간제약에 대해 고려를 하지 않음으로써 종단간지연시간과 전력소모에 대한 균형을 맞추기 어려웠다. 지연시간제약을 고려하는 연구에서도 노드들간의 시각동기화를 요구하거나 노드들이 특정한 분포를 갖는다고 가정하였다. 기존 연구의 이러한 제약을 극복하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 지연시간제약조건을 충족시키면서 동시에 전력소모를 줄이기 위한 듀티사이클 스케쥴링 알고리즘을 제안한다. 먼저 종단간 지연시간의 확률분포를 추정하고 획득한 분포를 이용하여 지연시간제약조건을 만족하는 최대 듀티사이클 간격을 결정한다. 시뮬레이션 결과에 따르면 제안되는 알고리즘은 주어진 지연시간제약 요구사항을 만족하면서도 낮은 전력소모 성능을 보인다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.329-341
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine vegetable & fruit (V/F) intakes, beliefs and self-efficacy regarding V/F consumption, nutrition knowledge and eating behavior of elementary students. A survey was conducted to the 4th graders (n = 234) at two elementary schools in Guri, Kyunggi-do. About one-fourth of subjects were overweight or obese. Subjects had 4.2 servings of V/F a day, consuming 340.2 g of V/F. Girls consumed significantly more amounts of vegetables than boys (p < 0.05). Girls were more favorable regarding V/F consumption (p < 0.01), and believed more strongly on advantages of having V/F such as “good for skin” constipation prevention (p < 0.001) and cancer prevention (p < 0.05). Boys felt more strongly in disadvantages or barriers of eating V/F, including mother's cooking time constraints (p < 0.01), lack of past experience of eating V/F, and family members' disliking of V/F (p < 0.05). Girls felt more confident in eating V/F (p < 0.05) than boys; they also felt more confident in specific items of "eating fruits/salads instead of cookies/chips for snack" and "eating fruit juice/vegetable juice instead of soda"(p < 0.01). Subjects showed low level of nutrition knowledge, especially in items such as balanced meals, recommended servings of V/F and vitamin deficiency. Compared to boys, girls had more desirable eating behavior such as eating adequate amount of meals (p < 0.001), having a variety of foods, eating fruits daily, and having fatty foods less frequently (p < 0.05). Intakes of Ca and K were quite below the recommended level, while the intakes of protein, Na and vitamin A intake were much above the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for 9-11 old children. Nutrient intakes expressed as %DRI was higher in girls for vitamin A (p < 0.01), energy and riboflavin (p < 0.05). High V/F consumption group (${\geq}5$ servings of V/F a day) compared to the counterparts showed higher self-efficacy and had better eating behaviors. Nutrition education for children should focus on increasing consumption of V/F, by helping them to increase self-efficacy for eating V/F and to recognize the benefits and reduce the barriers of eating V/F, especially in boys. It is also needed to provide nutrition information for balanced meals or increasing V/F consumption, and help the children to adopt desirable eating behavior.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제37B권12호
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• pp.1186-1194
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• 2012

무선 센서 네트워크에서 에너지 효율성을 문제를 해결하기 위해 다중 홉 전송 방식을 사용할 수 있다. 다중 홉전송 방식은 전체 에너지 소비량을 줄일 수는 있으나 네트워크의 라이프타임을 심각하게 감소시킬 수 있다. 노드들은 자신의 잔여에너지에 따라 다른 노드의 패킷을 릴레이 해줄지를 결정해야 한다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 우리는 strike and bargaining 알고리즘 (SBA)를 제안한다. 라우팅 경로는 각 노드의 특정값 (wage)에 따라 결정된다. 각 노드는 주변 노드와 wage를 협상한 후 합당한 wage를 결정하고 그에 따라 최적의 라우팅 경로를 결정한다. 분석과 시뮬레이션을 통해 우리는 SBA가 최적의 성능에 근접할 수 있음을 보인다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2014

The integration of FC (Fuel Cell) and GSHP (Ground Source Heat Pump) hybrid system could produce a synergistic advantage in thermal and electric way. This study intends to analyse the economical aspect of a FC integrated GSHP hybrid system compared to the conventional system which is consisted with a boiler and a chiller. Based on the hourly simulation, the study indicated that GSHP system and FC+GSHP hybrid system could reduce the energy consumption on a building. The method of the economic assessment has been based on IEA ECBCS Annex 54 Subtask C SPB(Simple Payback) method. The SPB was calculated using the economic balanced year of the alternative system over the conventional (reference) system. The SPB of the alternative systems (GSHP and FC+GSHP) with 50% initial incentive was 4.06 and 26.73 year respectively while the SPB without initial incentive of systems was 10.71 and 57.76 year.

• Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.254-261
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• 2018

Background: The most beneficial dietary pattern in managing metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the elderly has not been ascertained. The aim of this study is to classify dietary patterns and to examine associations between dietary pattern, MetS and body composition in elderly Koreans. Methods: This study was conducted among Koreans 65 years or older using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2009. A total of 1,567 study subjects were included. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 20.0 and dietary patterns were classified by cluster analysis. Results: There were three dietary patterns derived by cluster analysis in this study. We observed that most South Korean elderly still maintain a traditional dietary pattern. Dietary patterns were classified as balanced (31%), imbalanced (40%), or very imbalanced (30%), with the majority of subjects having an unbalanced diet pattern in which their total energy and nutrient intake was insufficient compared with the Dietary Reference Intake for Koreans. Those in the very imbalanced group had a ratio of macronutrients (carbohydrates:fats:protein) of 81.15:7.18:11.50 and a 54% higher likelihood of having hypertriglyceridemia (P=0.025) compared with those in the balanced group. Conclusion: The current findings indicate that the diets of South Korean elderly are nutritionally imbalanced, including high carbohydrate consumption, which confers a high risk hypertriglyceridemia. These findings highlight the effect of nutritional imbalance in elderly with MetS.