• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.359-364
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) and a neural dynamic technique (NDYT). As an intervention to treat spastic lower limb muscle tone, stiffness, and static balance in stroke patients. Methods: Totally, 26 participants were assigned randomly to two groups: the IASTM (n=13) and NDYT (n=13) groups. Both groups were subjected to their respective technique for 15 minutes, 5 times a week, for 6 weeks. Muscle tone, stiffness, and static balance were evaluated before and after training, to compare both group changes. Results: IASTM group showed significant decrease in the gastrocnemius medial region and semitendinosus muscle tone and stiffness (p<0.05) compare to NDYT group; however, no significant different was observed in static balance between groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that IASTM is an effective method for decreasing the muscle tone and stiffness in acute stroke patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.181-186
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was to applied to stretching plantar flexor and invertor at the same time to observe the effect of balance and walking ability. Methods: Subjects were instructed patients with ankle limited of motion, 6 months after stroke. We classified 20 subjects into two groups (experimental group: stretching plantar flexor and invertor at the same time, control group: only stretching plantar flexor). each group included 10 subjects and applied ankle stretcher for 20 minutes, 5 times/week during 4 weeks (total 20 times). Results: Both experimental group and control group showed significant increases in static balance, however, the significantly increases in step length and gait speed was observed only in the experimental group. There was no significant increases in step length and gait speed in the control group. Conclusion: Simultaneous stretching of ankle invertor and plantar flexion is effective in improving balance and walking ability in chronic stroke patients.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.225-240
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• 2021

Objectives : The purpose of this paper is to examine Zhang Zihe's reinforcement method based on the theory of keeping balance(以平爲期). Methods : Based on his arguments in the Rumenshiqin and formula compositions, Zhang Zihe's reinforcement method was examined. Results & Conclusions : 1. Despite preconceptions that Zhang Zihe must have been critical of reinforcement methods due to his alliance to the offensive purgative group, in reality his criticism was not aimed at reinforcement methods entirely, but rather at warming and tonifying. 2. Zhang Zihe's criticism of warming and tonifying was based on his research of the Neijing, in which he realized the pathogenic effects of fire-heat and the side effects of warming and tonifying in clinical practice. This is a common conception among the Four Great Doctors of the Jin-Yuan period. 3. Zhang Zihe focused on eliminating pathogenic qi so that the body's qi would circulate smoothly to slowly restore the source qi. The theory of keeping balance was emphasized to achieve this goal. 4. Based on the theory of keeping balance, Zhang Zihe used various medicinals with different properties and flavors to allow for the medicinals in each of the sovereign, minister, assistant and courier positions to co-operate with each other, while using food reinforcement to restore the source qi.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.223-237
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the impact of a nurse shift improvement pilot project on nurses' shift adjustment, work-life balance, and turnover intention, as well as nurses' experiences of participating in the pilot project. Methods: An explanatory sequential mixed-methods study was performed. Survey data was collected from a total of 1,051 nurses both in participant and non-participant groups. For the qualitative study, focus group interviews were conducted with 22 nurses who participated in the shift improvement pilot, including 12 staff nurses, 7 nurse managers, and 3 substitute nurses. Results: There were significant positive effects on the key variables of nurses' shift adjustment, work-life balance, and turnover intention in the group that participated in the nurse shift improvement pilot project. Based on the qualitative study, participants in the shift improvement pilot project indicated that it enabled nurses to recover their circadian rhythm, and achieve a better work-life balance, and they wanted to continue working as a nurse, and hoped expanded application of the pilot project. Conclusion: In order for expanded implementation of the pilot project and continued improvement in the shift system, we recommend establishing compensation standard, systematizing the use of substitute nurses, developing guidelines for shift schedules, and expanding the shift improvement pilot project to other departments such as the emergency room.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 1987

Measurement methods of moisture content were compared with 7 dried vegetables (red pepper, onion, green onion, garlic, ginger, carrot and radish). The moisture contents of dried vegetables having different moisture contents were determined by atmospheric oven drying, infrared balance, vacuum oven and Karl Fisher methods. Vacuum oven and Karl Fisher methods gave the relatively agreed results and considered to give the accurate moisture content. Atmospheric oven drying and infrared balance methods resulted in higher moisture content than methods mentioned above, because of the thermal decomposition of solid. Calibration of the moisture data of atmospheric oven drying method into the vacuum oven data was undertaken. The thermodecomposable solid fraction was high in onion, radish, green onion and carrot, and was in the range of 8.0-11.7% of the total solid in these products.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 2012

Objective: Electroencephalogram (EGG)-feedback is a training procedure aimed at altering brain activity, and is used as a treatment for disorders like attention. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of external focus of attention by EGG-feedback on balance in young adults. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Subject were students in Sahmyook University. Fifty young adults in their twenties and thirties. Subjects were performed both with and without external focus of attention by EEG-feedback on the posture of standing and tandem standing. Participants were educated effort to maintain static posture when they were under internal focus of attention. Good Balance System was used for measurement of postural consistency upon the following force platforms. Results: Body sway decreased significantly both normal standing and tandem standing with external focus of attention by EEG-feedback (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results demonstrate that the benefits of an external attentional focus are generalizable to young adults. The external focus of attention outperformed the internal focus of attention on the postural balance (p<0.05). It is showed that external focus of attention significant effects on balance by revoked automatic postural control of movement. Furthermore balance might be improved by training with an external focus. Further study is required to develop for training as a method of preventing fall in elderly peoples.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.327-335
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of trunk position sense through visual cue deprivation balance training in subacute stroke patients. METHODS: The subjects were randomly allocated to two groups: experimental(n=10) and control(n=10). Both groups performed balance training on sitting for 30minute after measurements. Trunk position sense test was assessed using the David back concept to determine trunk repositioning error for four movement(flexion, extension, affected side lateral flexion, non-affected side lateral flexion). Measurements on each test were assessed prior to the balance training and then immediately following the balance training. RESULTS: In comparison of the difference of the trunk position sense between groups, the experimental group decreased significantly in trunk repositioning error of flexion, extension and affected side lateral flexion than control group(p<.05). CONCLUSION: The trunk position sense of the experimental group showed more improvement after the balance training program compared to the control group, Therefore, these results suggest that visual cue deprivation training is considered an effective exercise method for individuals with subacute stroke.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.67-71
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• 2017

PURPOSE: Muscle fatigue is a cause to change proprioception. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of calf muscle fatigue and visual control on postural balance during single-legged standing in healthy adults. METHODS: Nineteen healthy adults (male) were participated in this study (mean age: 24.36 years; mean height: 171.32 cm; mean weight: 64.58 kg). The postural balance (sway length, sway area, sway velocity of COG displacement) was measured by Balance Trainer System (BT4) in before and after calf muscle fatigue feeling in single legged stance. In this study, repetitive single-legged heel rise test was used to induce fatigue of the calf muscle. Paired t- test was used to compare the postural balance between before and after calf muscle fatigue. Data of subjects were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Level of significance was set to .05. RESULTS: The sway length, sway area, sway velocity of COG (center of gravity) displacement after calf muscle fatigue feeling was significantly increased compared to before calf muscle fatigue feeling during single leg standing both eye open and close conditions (p<.05). CONCLUSION: This study suggested that calf muscle fatigue feeling has affected on postural balance when standing one leg both eye open and close conditions and postural control was disturbed by muscle fatigue and visual feedback in single leg standing.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.267-273
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• 2018

Purpose: Leg length discrepancy (LLD) is one of the risk factors for postural imbalance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of induced leg length discrepancy on the limitation of stability (LOS) and static postural balance. Methods: Thirteen adults (males, 7; females 6) participated in this study. The LOS and static postural balance [sway length, sway area, and sway velocity of center of gravity (COG) displacement] were measured by the balance trainer system. The subjects were asked to move the COG for the anterior, posterior, and left and right directions maximally and to keep standing on the platform with and without induced LLD for 30 s in the open and closed eyes conditions, respectively. The LLD was artificially induced to 2 cm using insole. Wilcoxon test was used to compare the LOS and the static postural balance between with and without induced LLD. Results: The anterior and posterior LOS significantly decreased in induced LLD (p<0.05), and the left and right LOS were not significantly different between with and without LLD (p>0.05). Sway length, sway area, and sway velocity of the COG displacement significantly decreased in induced LLD (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that induced LLD could decease the antero-posterior LOS and increased the static postural balance. Therefore, the LLD could disturb the postural balance.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.345-350
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the effects of ankle joint position during closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercise on knee extensor strength and balance in patients with chronic stroke. Methods: Sixteen patients with chronic stroke participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: $15^{\circ}$ ankle joint plantar flexion group (n=8) and ankle joint neutral group (n=8) during CKC exercise. All participants underwent conventional physical therapy for 30 minutes. In addition, the experimental group ($15^{\circ}$ ankle joint plantar flexion group) and control group (ankle joint neutral group) participated in a 20-minute CKC exercise program. In both groups exercise was performed three times a week for four weeks. Outcomes including knee extensor strength and balance ability (Five times sit-to-stand test, Timed up and go test, and Balancia) were measured before and after exercise. Results: Significant differences in knee extensor strength and balance ability were observed between pre- and post-exercise in all groups (p<0.05). The improvement of knee extensor strength and dynamic balance was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings demonstrated that $15^{\circ}$ ankle joint plantar flexion during closed kinetic chain exercise is effective in improvement of knee extensor strength and dynamic balance in patients with chronic stroke.