• 치위생과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2011

본 연구는 개인의 건강행위를 변화단계에 따라 설명하는 범이론적 모델을 적용하여 20대 성인의 정기적 구강검진행위에 대한 변화단계와 의사결정균형과의 관계를 살펴보고자 하였다. 서울 및 경기도에 거주하는 20대 성인 358명을 대상으로 조사 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 조사대상자의 성별은 남자가 73.2%, 여자가 26.8% 명이었으며, 나이는 20세에서 24세 까지가 91.9%, 학력은 전문대졸이 74.3%이었다. 전신건강상태는 건강한 편이다가 49.2%, 보통이다가 29.3%, 구강상태는 보통이다가 38.5%, 건강한 편이다가 32.4%이었다. 구강에 대한 관심은 신경 쓰이는 편이다가 43.9%, 보통이다가 34.4%로 조사되었다. 2. 정기적 구강검진에 대한 변화단계에 따른 대상자들의 분포는 계획전단계 22.1%, 계획단계 43.6%, 준비단계 10.6%, 행동단계 13.1%, 유지단계10.6%로 조사되어 76.3%의 성인들은 아직 구강검진을 위해 치과를 방문하지 않았거나 앞으로 1개월에서 6개월 내 구강검진을 위한 치과방문 의도를 가지고 있지 않았다. 3. 의사결정균형 요인과 각 문항의 동의 정도 분석에서 긍정적 요인에서 가장 높게 평가된 항목은 '구강검진은 내 치아에 이득이 된다.' (M=4.26)이며, 가장 낮게 평가된 항목은 '치아건강에 대한 자신감이 생긴다.' (M=3.59)이었다. 부정적인 요인에서 가장 높게 평가된 항목은 '치과에 가면 항상 기다린다.' (M=3.31)이며, 가장 낮게 평가된 항목은 '치과에 가는데 많은 시간이 걸린다.' (M=2.69)였다. 4. 구강검진 단계에 따른 의사결정균형 정도를 분석한 결과 구강검진의 긍정적 요인에서는 계획전단계(P= .000)와 유지단계(P=.000)에서 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 구강검진의 부정적인 요인에서 역시 계획전단계(P=.024)와 유지단계(P=.028)에서 유의한 차이를 나타내었고 구강검진의 긍정적 요인과 부정적 요인의 차이에 대한 분석에서도 계획전단계(P=.000)와 유지단계(P=.000)에서 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 범이론적 모델을 근거로 20대 성인들을 대상으로 정기적 구강검진에 대한 행위 변화단계와 의사결정균형과의 관계를 알아보았다. 구강건강증진을 위한 구강건강행위 실천은 근거중심의 이론을 바탕으로 한 프로그램의 개발이 필요하며 범이론적 모델은 행위 변화를 위한 개인의 상황과 인지정도에 따라 적절한 중재전략을 제공하는 유용한 틀이 될 것이라고 사료된다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.93-107
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• 2016

다중 접속 역할 게임(Massively Multi-Online Role Playing Game, MMORPG)에서 게임봇은 게임 밸런스에 악영향을 끼치고 일반 유저들에게 상대적인 박탈감을 느끼게 하여 게임 수명을 단축시키는 위험 요소이다. 따라서 그 동안 게임 봇을 탐지하기 위한 다양한 방법이 연구되었으나 특정 게임 컨텐츠의 특징에 초점을 맞춤에 따라 신규 게임이 출시될 때마다 탐지 기법 개발이 필요하거나 혹은 게임 및 봇 프로그램 업데이트에 따른 유지 보수 방안을 고려하지 않고 있다. 본 논문에서는 게임봇이 본질적으로 갖고 있는 특징인, 설정된 패턴에 따라 행동을 반복하는 자기유사성을 주요 특질로 이용한 기계 학습 기법을 제안하고 이렇게 학습한 모델을 자동으로 유지 보수하는 시스템을 제안하였다. 이렇게 제안한 방법은 엔씨소프트의 대표 MMORPG인 리니지, 아이온, 블레이드 앤 소울에 대해 성능을 테스트하였으며 시스템을 구현하여 실전에 적용하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.517-524
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• 2014

Phasic and tonic ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acidA ($GABA_A$) receptor-mediated inhibition critically regulate neuronal information processing. As these two inhibitory modalities have distinctive features in their receptor composition, subcellular localization of receptors, and the timing of receptor activation, it has been thought that they might exert distinct roles, if not completely separable, in the regulation of neuronal function. Inhibition should be maintained and regulated depending on changes in network activity, since maintenance of excitation-inhibition balance is essential for proper functioning of the nervous system. In the present study, we investigated how phasic and tonic inhibition are maintained and regulated by different signaling cascades. Inhibitory postsynaptic currents were measured as either electrically evoked events or spontaneous events to investigate regulation of phasic inhibition in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons of the rat visual cortex. Tonic inhibition was assessed as changes in holding currents by the application of the $GABA_A$ receptor blocker bicuculline. Basal tone of phasic inhibition was maintained by intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ and $Ca^{2+}$/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). However, maintenance of tonic inhibition relied on protein kinase A activity. Depolarization of membrane potential (5 min of 0 mV holding) potentiated phasic inhibition via $Ca^{2+}$ and CaMKII but tonic inhibition was not affected. Thus, phasic and tonic inhibition seem to be independently maintained and regulated by different signaling cascades in the same cell. These results suggest that neuromodulatory signals might differentially regulate phasic and tonic inhibition in response to changes in brain states.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.406-419
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• 2017

Purpose: The aims of this study were to develop a motivational interviewing program for exercise improvement in persons with physical disabilities and to examine the effect of this motivational interviewing intervention. Methods: The study employed a nonequivalent control group pretest and posttest design. A total of 62 persons with physical disabilities (30 in the experimental group, 32 in the control group) were recruited from 2 community rehabilitation centers. The experimental group received 8 sessions of a group motivational interviewing program, scheduled once a week, with each session lasting 60 minutes. Test measures were completed before the intervention, immediately after the end of the intervention, 2 weeks later, and 6 weeks after the end of the intervention. Measures included self-efficacy for exercise, decisional balance for exercise, stage of change for exercise, regularity of exercise, exercise maintenance, and independent living ability. Data were analyzed using the ${\chi}^2-test$, Fisher's exact test, Independent samples t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA, conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics version 18. Results: The experimental group showed a significant increase in self-efficacy for exercise (F=50.98, p<.001), benefit (pros) of exercise (F=24.16, p<.001), and independent living ability (F=50.94, p<.001), and a significant decrease in loss (cons) of exercise (F=26.50, p<.001). There were significant differences between the two groups in stages of change for exercise (p<.001), regularity of exercise (p<.001), and exercise maintenance (${\chi}^2=26.61$, p<.001). Conclusion: The motivational interviewing program has the potential to improve exercise levels in persons with physical disabilities.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.262-268
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the differences by the stages of change in exercise behaviors of caregivers based on Transtheoretical Model. Methods: The subjects were consisted of randomly chosen 105 caregivers working in a nursing home. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, chi-square test, ANOVA and Duncan test using IBM SPSS Statistics 19. Results: The results showed that in the stages of exercise behaviors, there were most participants in contemplation stage with 24.7%, followed by 22.8% in preparation, 21.9% maintenance, 19.0% action and 11.4% pre-contemplation. As for the process of change by the stages of change in exercise behaviors, it showed statistically significant differences in behavioral strategies (F=7.64, p<.001). In decisional balance, pros (F=3.75, p=.007) showed statistical significance, with higher pros in all stages except pre-contemplation. Self-efficacy was also statistically significant (F=6.25, p<.001), especially in the maintenance stage. Conclusion: This study suggested that in order to encourage caregivers to exercise, a strategic intervention to reinforce the process of change, recognition of positive decision-making and promotion of self-efficacy in exercise behaviors should be developed.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the changes in muscle strength and walking ability in patients who complained of knee instability due to excessive pronation of the foot. METHODS: Twenty patients (ten men and ten women) who complained of instability of the knee joint due to excessive pronation of the foot participated in the experiment. In the experimental group, the internal rotation of the tibia caused by excessive adduction of the foot was maintained as external rotation, and the joint state was to recognize the movement of the joint position changed through maintenance of the muscle. This exercise was performed five times for each patient, and the muscle strength maintenance was performed for 20 seconds. In the control group, stretching and range of motion (ROM) exercises were performed. For the stretching exercise, one specific motion was performed for 20 second, and the ROM exercise was performed to confirm the change in muscle strength in the knee joint area and walking ability. RESULTS: The knee flexion and extension strength in the patients with excessive pronation of the foot differed significantly from those in the subjects from the control group (p<.05). Further, the before-after comparison of the step time and length in the evaluation of walking ability, which affects overall postural movement due to knee joint instability, revealed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (p<.05). CONCLUSION: The patients that were subjected to manual therapy and ROM exercise for the knee joint showed improved knee joint muscle strength and walking ability compared to the subjects from the control group.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제61권5호
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• pp.33-47
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• 2019

The environmental ecological flow (EEF) of stream or river will be designated according to the enforcement of the Water Environment Preservation Act. Previous researches by Ministry of Environment have proposed agricultural reservoirs as alternative resources to secure river flow where multi-purpose dam does not exist. However, agricultural reservoirs are constructed for the supply of agricultural water, and in fact, there is not a sufficient amount of water to be supplied to rivers as EEF. Therefore, this study examines the economic feasibility of securing EEF through the remodeling or construction of agricultural reservoirs. We investigated water balance of reservoir through simulation of three types of water supply demands such as agricultural water, agricultural water and river maintenance flow, and agricultural water and environmental ecology flow. The economics analysis was conducted on water supply demands and corresponding remodeling or construction of reservoirs. As a result, it was found that the method of securing through heightening existing reservoir enhancement is economically feasible. However, it was not possible to secure all the amount of the EEF due to the size limitation of existing reservoirs or constrain of the watershed for newly built reservoir. Therefore, in order to secure all of the EEF, the utilization of other alternatives as well as agricultural reservoirs should be considered. This study demonstrated the method of economical feasibility study of securing river maintenace flow and EEF using agricultural reservoirs and other considerations.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2021

Male infertility has a complex etiopathology, which mostly remains elusive. Although research has claimed that oxidative stress (OS) is the most likely underlying mechanism of idiopathic male infertility, the specific treatment of OS-mediated male infertility requires further investigation. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a vitamin-like substance, has been found in measurable levels in human semen. It exhibits essential metabolic and antioxidant functions, as well as playing a vital role in mitochondrial bioenergetics. Thus, CoQ10 may be a key player in the maintenance of biological redox balance. CoQ10 concentrations in seminal plasma directly correlate with semen parameters, especially sperm count and sperm motility. Seminal CoQ10 concentrations have been shown to be altered in various male infertility states, such as varicocele, asthenozoospermia, and medical or surgical regimens used to treat male infertility. These observations imply that CoQ10 plays an important physiological role in the maintenance and amelioration of semen quality. The present article thereby aimed to review the possible mechanisms through which CoQ10 plays a role in the regulation of male reproductive function, and to concisely discuss its efficacy as an ameliorative agent in restoring semen parameters in male infertility, as well as its impact on OS markers, sperm DNA fragmentation, pregnancy, and assisted reproductive technology outcomes.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.633-638
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• 2007

본 연구는 진도자견에 대한 단백질의 급여 수준이 질소평형에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 단백질 급여 표준 설정을 위한 기초 자료를 얻기 위하여 실시하였다.생후 평균 18~20주령의 진도견 암컷 12두를 대상으로 단백질 수준을 21, 23 및 25%로 설정한 실험사료를 급여하여 체중, 사료섭취량 및 분뇨 배설량을 측정하였다. 일당 증체량은 조단백질 함량 21, 23 및 25%구에서 각각 65.42, 79.58 및 99.17g으로 나타났으며 조단백질 25%구가 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 축적된 질소량은 각각 0.74, 0.96 및 1.31g/kgBW.75/ d로 계산되었으며, 25% 조단백질 급여구가 21 및 23% 급여구에 비하여 유의하게(p<0.05) 높은 결과를 나타내었다. 질소섭취량(x, g/d)과 질소축적량(y, g/d)간에 y = -2.519x2 +12.79x-14.79의 회귀식이 도출되었고 매우 높은 상관관계가 인정되었다(R2=0.782, p<0.05). 이 식을 이용하여 계산한 결과 자견의 유지 조단백질 요구량은 11.25g/kg BW0.75/d로 추정되었다.본 연구의 결과는 진도자견의 단백질 요구량을 설정하는데 좋은 기초 자료가 될 것으로 생각되나, 진도견의 단백질 요구량을 최종적으로 설정하기 위해서는 전 생애에 걸쳐서 성별 및 사육환경에 따른 영양소 요구량에 대한 추가적인 연구가 요구된다고 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1367-1373
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to determine the feeding value to sheep of Acacia saligna grown under temperate conditions. Pen trials were undertaken to determine the effects of feeding A. saligna, which had been grown in a Mediterranean environment, on feed intake, nitrogen balance and rumen metabolism in sheep. Sheep were given ad libitum access to A. saligna with or without supplementation with PEG 4,000 or PEG 6,000. PEG 4000 appears to be the major detannification agent used in trials involving high tannin feed despite the fact that PEG 6000 has been shown to be more effective, in vitro. For this reason it was of interest to compare the two, in vivo. Dry matter intake was greater (p<0.05) in sheep supplemented with either PEG 4,000 or PEG 6,000 compared to the control. There was no difference, however, in intake between those supplemented with either PEG 4,000 or 6,000. Although animals were not weighed throughout the trial, a loss in body condition was obvious, in particular in the control group. Intake of N was greater (p<0.05) in sheep supplemented with either PEG 4,000 or PEG 6,000 than in the control. There was no difference in N intake between those supplemented with either PEG 4,000 or PEG 6,000. There were no significant differences in either the faecal or urinary N output between any of the treatment groups and all treatment groups were in negative N balance. Neither the average nor maximum pH of ruminal fluid of the control group was different to those supplemented with PEG. The minimum pH for the control group, however, was significantly higher (p<0.05) than for either of the PEG treatments. The average and the maximum ammonia levels were lower (p<0.05) in the control group compared with those in either of the PEG treatment groups. For all dietary treatments ruminal ammonia levels were well below the threshold for maximal microbial growth. Feeding A. saligna, without PEG, had a definite defaunating effect on the rumen. For all dietary treatments ruminal ammonia levels were well below the threshold for maximal microbial growth. It was concluded that A. saligna was inadequate as the sole source of nutrients for sheep, even with the addition of PEG 4,000 or PEG 6,000. The anti-nutritional effects on the animals were largely attributed to the excessive biological activity of the phenolics in the A. saligna leaves. There is a need to determine other supplements that may be complimentary with PEG to enhance the nutritive value of A. saligna to maintain a minimum of animal maintenance.