• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.16-26
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• 2016

Background: Deficiencies in the ability to maintain balance are common in elderly. Augmented feedback such as knowledge of results (KR) can accelerate learning and mastering a motor skill in older people. Objects: We designed this study to examine whether one session of Wii-Fit game with self-regulated KR is effective for elderly people, and to compare the effect of two different timings of self-regulated KR conditions. Methods: Thirty-nine community-dwelling elders, not living in hospice care or a nursing home, participated in this study. During acquisition, two groups of volunteers were trained in 10 blocks of a dynamic balancing task under the following 2 conditions, respectively: (a) a pre-trial self-regulated KR ($n_1=18$), or (b) a post-trial self-regulated KR ($n_2=21$). Immediate retention tests and delayed retention tests of balancing performance were administered in 15 minutes and 24 hours following acquisition period, respectively. Results: In both groups, significant improvements of balancing performances scores were observed during the acquisition period. Regardless of the group, mean of balancing performance scores on retention tests were well-maintained from the final session. There were no significant differences between groups in balancing performance scores during the acquisition period (p>.05); however, the post-trial self-regulated KR group exhibited significantly higher balancing performance scores in both the immediate retention test and delayed retention test than that of the pre-trial self-regulated KR group (p<.05). Conclusion: Therefore, subjects who regulated their feedback after a dynamic balancing task, during the acquisition period, experienced more efficient motor learning during the retention period than did subjects who regulated their feedback before a dynamic balancing task. Accordingly, in case of presenting the KR of motor learning in clinical settings to elders who reduced dynamic balance abilities, the requesting time of KR is imperative according to self-estimation processes as well as types of KR and practice.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.96-111
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• 2022

Background: This study aims to evaluate the effect of core stabilization exercise on the dynamic balance and horizontal rotation of the trunk in young adult men. Through this study, it is expected that various core stabilization exercises will prevent and treat musculoskeletal disease. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Methods: The study subjects were recruited from young adult men in their 20s and 30s living in Seoul, and after the randomized controlled trial, it was divided into an experimental group training core stabilization exercise(n=15) and a control group(n=15). The evaluation methods of this study were modified Star Excursion Balance Test(mSEBT), Functional Reach Test(FRT), and Trunk Rotation Test(TRT). The experimental group performed three sets of crunches and deadbug exercises twice a week for eight weeks, and the control group did not perform any exercises similar to core stabilization exercise during the experimental period. Results: The result of the experiment, the experimental group showed significant improvement in mSEBT(p<.05), FRT(p<.05) and TRT(p<.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, core stabilization exercises improved dynamic balance and horizontal rotation of the trunk. As a result of this study, core stabilization exercise can prevent and treat musculoskeletal diseases even in healthy people.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.223-228
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of balance training using a training mat on the postural balance of the elderly individuals. Methods: Thirty-five participants were selected from a falling prevention class and were randomly allocated to two groups; 17 in an exercise group (EG, $72.7{\pm}5.1$ years) and 18 in the control group ($74.9{\pm}4.0$ years). The EG underwent balance training using training mats for 60 minutes a day, 2 days a week, for 4 weeks. Postural balance parameter (timed up and go test, functional reach test, and one leg standing) were measured pre- and post- training. Results: The EG showed significant improvements in all variables that were analyzed. Conclusion: This study confirmed that balance training using a training mat effectively improves the postural balance in elderly people at risk for falling.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.2354-2358
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• 2021

Background: Stroke is a neurological disorder characterized by an impaired static balance. A change in poor posture after stroke may worsen static balance. The balance control through an upright posture may include kinesiology taping of the middle back. Objectives: To investigated the effect of kinesiology taping of middle back on static balance in patients with stroke. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: A total of 10 patients with stroke were divided into two groups. The experimental and control groups received kinesiology taping and placebo taping of the middle back, respectively. After 24 h, static balance (i.e., sway area and path length) was measured in closed eyes condition. Results: The experimental group (kinesiology taping group) showed a significant decrease in sway area and path length after the intervention. In addition, kinesiology taping group showed a significant decrease in sway area and path length compared to the control group. Conclusion: Kinesiology taping of the middle back can improve static balance in stroke patients.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2012

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of treadmill training with real optic flow scene on functional recovery of balance and balance self-efficacy in stroke patients. Design: Single blind, Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Nine patients following stroke were divided randomly into the treadmill with optic flow group (n=3), treadmill with virtual reality group (n=3), and control group (n=3). Subjects in the treadmill with optic flow group wore a head-mounted display in order to receive a speed modulated real optic flow scene during treadmill training for 30 minutes, while those in the treadmill with virtual reality group and control group received treadmill training with virtual reality and regular therapy for the same amount of time, five times per week for a period of three weeks. Timed up and go test (TUG) and activities-specific balance confidence scale (ABC scale) were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results: TUG in the treadmill training with optic flow group showed significantly greater improvement, compared with the treadmill training with virtual reality group and control group (p<0.05). Significantly greater improvement in the ABC scale was observed in the treadmill training with optic flow group and the tread mill training with virtual reality group, compared with the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Findings of this study demonstrate that treadmill training with real optic flow scene can be helpful in improving balance and balance self-efficacy of patients with chronic stroke and may be used as a practical adjunct to routine rehabilitation therapy.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.66-72
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• 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of balance training with plantar flexor stretching on ankle dorsi flexion range of motion (ROM), balance, and gait ability in stroke patients. Design: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Methods: Thirty stroke patients volunteered to participate in this study. The subjects were randomly allocated to two groups: the experimental group (n=15) received the neurodevelopment therapy plus balance training with plantar flexor stretching for 20 minutes in one session. The control group (n=15) received the same neurodevelopment therapy plus plantar flexor static stretching for 20 minutes in one session. Both groups underwent sessions four times a week, for a total of 4 weeks. Measurements included passive range of motion (PROM), active range of motion (AROM) of ankle dorsiflexion using a goniometer, timed up and go (TUG), the functional reaching test (FRT), and the 10 m walk test (10 MWT). Results: There were significant improvements in AROM and PROM of ankle dorsiflexion, TUG, and FRT scores after the intervention in the experimental group (p<0.05). However, the control group showed no statistically significant differences except for PROM of ankle dorsiflexion. The experimental group showed a significant improvement in PROM, TUG, and FRT scores compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Balance training with plantar flexor stretching improves ankle dorsiflexion ROM and balance ability in patients with stroke. Therefore, this therapeutic intervention will be effective for rehabilitation of stroke patients in the clinical setting.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 2017

Purpose : The aims of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review with meta-analysis to investigate the effect of virtual reality based rehabilitation program on balance of patient with stroke in Korean studies. Method : The studies for analysis were searched in electronic databases(Research Information Sharing Service; RISS, Korean Studies Information Service; KISS, DBpia, e-articles, National Assembly Library). The key words for search were 'virtual reality', 'stroke', and 'balance' and only randomized controlled trials and clinical controlled trials were included. Of 40 studies identified in the search, 20 studies met the criteria of this study and included in this meta-analysis. Result : The results were as follows: 1) The overall effect size of virtual reality based rehabilitation program was 0.557(95% critical interval; 0.340~0.774). 2) In the analysis of sub-categorical variables, effect size was as follows; the commercial game type(0.621) > virtual environment type(0.335); the dynamic balance measurement(0.750) > static balance measurement(0.226); randomized controlled trial(0.653) > clinical controlled trial(0.275); and thesis type(0.706) > article of journal type(0.339). 3) In the analysis of sub-continuous variables, as time of program(per session) increased, the balance increased(p<0.05). Conclusion : The results of this study showed that virtual reality based rehabilitation program moderately improves the balance of stroke patient. Further studies are recommended to investigate the effect of sub-variables related to virtual reality programs on motor functions of patient with stroke.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.32-39
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• 2019

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of whole body vibratory stimulation on muscle strength, balance, and fall efficacy among super-aged women. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Twenty-eight super-aged women over 80 years of age were assigned to either the experimental group (n=14) and control group (n=14). The experimental group received an exercise program that used the whole body vibratory stimulation with a frequency of 30 Hz and amplitude of 3 mm, and the control group received an exercise program without vibratory stimulation. Intervention was provided for 4 weeks, 3 sessions per week, and 30 minutes per session. In order to measure lower extremity muscle strength the 30-second chair stand test (CST) was used. The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) was used to measure dynamic balance. Static balance was measured by tracking the path length, velocity, and area of the center of pressure (CoP). The Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) was used to measure the subjects' fear of falling. Results: Both the experimental and control group demonstrated statistically significant increase in muscle strength, dynamic balance, and fall efficacy (p<0.05). Only the experimental group showed significant improvements in static balance before and after the intervention (p<0.05). The experimental group showed significantly greater improvements in CST, BBS, and CoP (path length, velocity) than control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Whole body vibratory stimulation exercise is shown to be a safe and appropriate physical therapy intervention method to enhance muscle strength, balance, and fall efficacy of super-aged women.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1954-1957
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• 2005

A quantitative evaluation of postural balance training using a virtual reality bicycle system was performed. In the experiment, the effectiveness of virtual reality bicycle system on postural balance training was analyzed with four male subjects in their twenties. The parameters measured during cycling were cycling time, average velocity, number of times subject deviated from path, and weight shift. Those parameters were evaluated for the quantification of the extent of control. We also measured the parameters on postural control capability after 5th trial and 10th trial in a balance testing system with a force plate to find out the effectiveness of the training. In the balance test with force plate, it was found out that the weight shift was almost zero and the deviation from the target trace reduced significantly after the training with the virtual cycle. The result showed that the virtual bicycle system was an effective system as a rehabilitation training device.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

PURPOSE: This study examined the immediate effects of applying ankle eversion taping using kinesiology tape in chronic stroke patients-design: a randomized cross-over trial. METHODS: Seventeen stroke patients underwent three interventions in random order. The subjects were initially assigned randomly to an ankle eversion taping, placebo taping, or no taping for each intervention. Ankle eversion taping was used for mechanical correction and was involved in ankle dorsiflexion and eversion. The tape was stretched by 30-40%. Placebo tapping was applied in the same form as eversion tapping but was not stretched. The balance ability was assessed using the Y-balance test. The gait ability was assessed by maximum foot pressure and time of stance phase, and gait speed was assessed using a 10 m walk test (10MWT). All measurements were performed immediately after the intervention. RESULTS: The results showed that the dynamic balance and stance phase time in chronic stroke patients was improved after ankle eversion taping. The ankle eversion taping conditions increased significantly (p < .05) compared to the placebo and no taping conditions. CONCLUSION: The application of ankle eversion taping that uses kinesiology tape instantly increased the gait ability of chronic stroke patients. On the other hand, more research will be needed to identify the long-term effects of ankle eversion taping.