• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2004.08c
• /
• pp.823-826
• /
• 2004

In this paper, A tracking of the moving objects using normalized hue distribution in HSI color model was proposed. Moving objects are detected by using difference image method and integral projection method to background image and objects image only with hue area. Hue information of the detected moving area are normalized by 24 levels from $0^{\circ}$ to $3600^{\circ}A$ distance in between normalized levels with a hue distribution chart of the normalized moving objects is used for the identity distinction feature parameters of the moving objects. To examine proposed method in this paper, image of moving cars are obtained by setting up three cameras at different places every 1 km on outer motorway. The simulation results of identity distinction show that it is possible to distinct the identity a distance in between normalization levels of a hue distribution chart without background.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2008.10a
• /
• pp.247-258
• /
• 2008

Environmental standards for beneficial uses of dredged materials are proposed. Even though chemical analysis of ocean sediments are carried out frequently, their analyses results were not interrelated with the effects of biological lives due to a shortage of biological data. These facts have resulted in difficulty to develope Korean's standards of recycling dredged materials. This paper first searched existing current foreign standards, analyzed local contaminated ocean sediment data, identified their main chemical components of contaminants, and then compared with clean-up standards of sediments consisting of lower and higher levels. From these analysis, new environmental standards considering Korean domestic circumstances are proposed. It is judged that new standards are appropriate to both Korean national sedimental environments and economically recycling aspects because environmental standard levels proposed are higher than background levels of sediments in Korean and foreign standards.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.173-179
• /
• 2011

The present study was performed to investigate the intelligibility of voice disorder patients by providing the various background noise levels. Four sets of 12-sentence-stimuli produced by 11 voice disorder patients were prepared, and 5 minute-news from radio broadcasting studio were used as a background noise. 30 listeners assigned intelligibility score of each sentence with visual analog scale. Each set of sentences was provided with 20dB, 10dB, 0dB noise (same intensity with stimuli), and, finally, with no noise. As results, as background noise level increased, intelligibility scores were lowered with statistical significance. Even though in the same severity, more loud background noise showed much lower scores than less loud noise. When 10dB noise was provided, intelligibility scores showed the biggest difference among the degree of severity.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.665-673
• /
• 2014

We compared standard culture methods as well as conventional PCR and real-time PCR for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) in milk, cheese, fresh-cut vegetables, and raw beef that have different levels of background microflora. No statistical differences were observed in sensitivity between the two selective media in all foods. In total, real-time PCR assay exhibited statistically excellent detection sensitivity (p<0.05) and was less time consuming and laborious as compared with standard culture methods. Conventional culture methods showed poor performance in detecting L. monocytogenes in food with high levels of background microflora, generating numerous false negative results. While the detection of L. monocytogenes in fresh cut vegetable by culture methods was hindered only by L. innocua, various background microflora, such as L. innocua, L. welshimeri, L. grayi, and Enterococcus faecalis appeared on the two selective media as presumptive positive colonies in raw beef indicating the necessity of improvement of current selective media. It appears that real-time PCR is an effective and sensitive presumptive screening tool for L. monocytogenes in various types of foods, especially foods samples with high levels of background microflora, thus complementing standard culture methodologies.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.252-259
• /
• 1994

A ground station has been established at Kosan, Cheju Island, since January of 1992 for the monitoring of background air Pollutant levels in Korea. Anthropogenic pollutant sources and meteorological conditions of Kosan were surveyed. Concentrations of SO$_2$, NO, NO$_{y}$ and $O_3$, were measured and analyzed for the period of February through December, 1992. The annual means of NO and SO$_2$, levels were very low in comparison to other urban's levels and similiar to other country's background levels. The annual mean of $O_3$, level was higher than urban's but comparable to other coastal region's. The NO concentration showed a distinct seasonal and diurnal variations. Summer peak was detected in the monthly means of NO and smooth peak around noon was found in the annual means of hourly data. Diurnal variation of the SO$_2$ concentration was barely detected but a slice increase in winter was detected. The $O_3$, concentration data, however, showed seasonal and diurnal variations similar to the urban's.an's.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.613-619
• /
• 2015

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the commonest primary malignant cancer of the liver in the world. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels reflect hepatic function and are inversely correlated with the severity of background chronic liver disease. Objective: This study evaluated whether basal serum IGF-1 levels can predict prognosis of HCC patients according to different risks of disease progression. Materials and Methods: A total of 89 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were recruited in 3 groups: Group I, 30 HCC patients receiving sorafinib; Group II, 30 HCC patients with best supportive care; and Group III include 29 patients undergoing transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). All patients were investigated for serum levels of AST, ALP, Bb, Cr, BUN, AFP and IGF-I. Results: Patients with disease control had significantly higher baseline IGF-1 levels 210 (185-232.5) ng/mL (p value<0.01) than did patients without disease control. Low basal IGF-1 levels were associated with advanced HCC, such as multiple tumors and advanced stage, and low IGF-1 levels predicted shorter TTP and overall survival in patients treated with TACE. Conclusions: The levels of serum IGF-1, expressed as continuous values, may be helpful for accurately assessing hepatic function and the prognostic stratification of patients with HCC.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.569-575
• /
• 2007

This study was carried out to determine bioaccumulation levels of total mercury on various fish tissues in two streams (Banseok and Hasin Stream) and one lake (Yeongsan Lake) during April-May 2007. We also determined natural background levels of total mercury bioaccumulation to evaluate relative individual impacts of fish and compared the levels with reference sites as a preliminary study to evaluate heavy metal stressor using fish. For the study, we collected fishes in the sampling sites and analyzed the concentrations of total mercury in the liver, kidney, gill, vertebral column, and muscle tissues using Direct Mercury Analyzer (DMA-80, US EPA Method 7473). The levels varied depending on the types of waterbody and tissues used. Concentrations of total mercury ranged between 5.1${\mu}g$ $kg^{-1}$ and 108.6 ${\mu}g$ $kg^{-1}$ in the streams and between 5.3${\mu}g$ $kg^{-1}$ and 87.3 ${\mu}g$ $kg^{-1}$ in the reservoir, and the values were highest in the muscle tissues. Levels of natural background levels of total mercury, even though the sampling number was few, averaged 23.6 ${\mu}g$ $kg^{-1}$ in the study sites. The individual and mean values in each system was not so high in terms of US EPA criteria of fish health and human health, indicating that the impact was minor in the study site. Further studies should be done for the determination of mercury levels in the systems.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2004.04a
• /
• pp.694-699
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study is to estimate the availability of acoustic emission method to the internal leak of the valves at nuclear power plants. The acoustic emission method was applied to the valves at the site, and the background noise was measured for the abnormal plant condition. From the comparison of the background noise data with the experimental results as to relation between leak flow and acoustic signal, the minimum leak flow rates that can be detected by acoustic signal was suggested. When the background levels are higher than the acoustic signal, the method described below was considered that the analysis the remainder among the background noise frequency spectrum and the acoustic signal spectrum become a very useful leak detection method. A few experimental examples of the spectrum analysis that varied the background noise characteristic were given.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.379-389
• /
• 2007

This paper presents an attempt to determine natural background levels of heavy metals which could be used for assessing heavy metal contamination. For this study, a large archive dataset of heavy metal concentration (Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn) for more than 900 surface sediment samples from various Korean coastal environments was newly compiled. These data were normalized for aluminum (grain-size normalizer) concentration to isolate natural factors from anthropogenic ones. The normalization was based on the hypothesis that heavy metal concentrations vary consistently with the concentration of aluminum, unless these metals are of anthropogenic origin. So, the samples (outliers) suspected of receivingany anthropogenic input were removed from regression to ascertain the "background" relationship between the metals and aluminum. Identification of these outliers was tested using a model of predicted limits at 95%. The process of testing for normality (Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test) and selection of outliers was iterated until a normal distribution was achieved. On the basis of the linear regression analysis of the large archive (please check) dataset, background levels, which are applicable to heavy metal assessment of Korean coastal sediments, were successfully developed for Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn. As an example, we tested the applicability of this baseline level for metal pollution assessment of Masan Bay sediments.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.109-114
• /
• 2010

There are many business in complex building, and recently noise claims have increased in those buildings. It is one of the most desirable methods reducing the noise level to establish the noise criteria considering the admittable noise level between the source and receiving room, which are to be derived from the subjective response in the real conditions. Because the degree of annoyance and loudness for the intruding noises in complex building could be changed with background noise level, it is suggested to be researched the relationship between the noise levels and subjective response. In this study, the subjective response for three different background levels in receiving business or rooms were investigated for the typical eight business noise source including aerobic music. The results can be summarized as follows. In conditions of low background noise level(40 dB(A)), there is a tendency of intentionally attention situation (listening) in a subjective test. The other hand in conditions of relatively high background noise level(50 dB(A)), there is a unconscious situation (heraing). As the degree of moderately heard or annoyed in SD rating scale means that the noise is easily recognized in neighboring shops, usually the limit of noise criteria were decided on this rating point, so it will be reasonable to be adopted the criteria rating scale as slight heard or annoyed degree (SD criteria 3).