• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

Foreground/background segmentation in video sequences is often one of the first tasks in machine vision applications, making it a critical part of the system. In this paper, we present an improved sample-based technique that provides robust background image as well as segmentation mask. The conventional multiple interval sampling (MIS) algorithm have suffer from the unbalance of computation time per frame and the rapid change of confidence factor of background pixel. To balance the computation amount, a random-based pixel update scheme is proposed and a spatial and temporal smoothing technique is adopted to increase reliability of the confidence factor. The proposed method allows the sampling queue to have more dispersed data in time and space, and provides more continuous and reliable confidence factor. Experimental results revealed that our method works well to estimate stable background image and the foreground mask.

• 논리연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.115-131
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• 2002

The problem of disjunctive causal factors is generalized as follows. Suppose that there are no factors of the kind considered so far that need to be held fixed in background contexts. Nevertheless, it is still possible that within the background contexts, each disjunct of a disjunctive causal factor X v W confers a different probability on an effect factor in Question. So a problem arises of how we identify a single causally significant probability of the effect factor in the presence of the disjunctive causal factor, assuming that each disjunct of the disjunctive causal factor confers a different probability on the effect factor. In this paper, I first introduce an experiment in which disjunctive causal factors seem to pose a problem for the theory of probabilistic causation. Second, I show how Eells' solution to the problem of disjunctive causal factors meets the problem that arises in the experiment. Third, I examine Hitchcock's arguments against Eells' solution, arguing that Hitchcock misconstrues Eells' solution, and disregards the feature of the theory of probabilistic causation such that a factor is a causal factor for another factor relative to a population P of a population type Q.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 1978

Color is an important factor in dental esthetics. Application of natural tooth color will not fail to produce pleasing results. But a standardized method of shade matching has not been adopted. If we are to overcome the color matching problem in dentistry, an understanding of the nature of color and light is essential. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different light sources and different background colors on the ability of observers to correctly match shades of artifical teeth. And observation was made to determine if the time spent in making a shade match was a factor in the correctness of the response. A test method was devised and 50 individuals made observations which were recorded and analyzed. $X^2$-test gave results indicating that the time factor had no effect on the response made. An analysis of variance showed the following effects significant at the five percent level; (1) light source (2) background color (3) subject. The following conclusions can be drawn from this study; (1) The time spent in making shade selection is not a factor in the correctness of the selections. (2) The light source used is an important factor in matching tooth shade; and there is no significant difference between the light sources in shade matching. (3) Under the conditions of this study, the greatest accuracy in shade matching was obtained on the brown background.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.196-207
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of the visual evaluation for the Picture image combination of Clothing and Ground. The major finding were as follows ; 1) For the visual evaluation of the Picture image as Clothing variation there were significant differences in all factors 2) For the visual evaluation of the Picture image as Ground variation there were significant differences in Attractiveness Hardness and softness Cuteness Attention Cool and Warm factor 3) For the visual evaluation of the Picture image as Percentage of Clothing there were significant differences in Attractiveness cool and Warm factor. It will Percentage of Clothing there were significant differences in Attractiveness Cool and Warm factor. It will aid in choosing the most beneficial background for any clothing brand. It will enhance the picture images to their full potential in any advertising medium 4) As a result of Regression analysis image effecting on " Preference" is refined-country like harmonious-inharmonious comfortable-uncomfortable beautiful-ugly splendid-dull stable-uneasy live-gentle 5) For the Image effecting on "Harmony" according to clothing image there were significant differences. the results analyzed according to the change of background are as follows. Mdern and strong images formed charming urban and cool visual images with urban and neat artificial backgrounds. Mature images were created with romantic and static artificial backgrounds. Mannish straight and conservative images created charming and rigid visual images in urban and formatted artificial background. Using a white natural background for the urban style created a cool visual image. The use of an interior background lead to warmer images and more defination lines Causal images created a rural and warm image which expressed charm and a soft visual while using a rural and natural background. A most unharmonious and hard image was created when using an urban and formatted artificial background. The coolest visual image was created with a cool and natural background. Feminine and flawless images created urban and neat visual image using an urban and formatted artificial background. The coolest visual image was fresh created with a cool and natural background. natural background.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.168-178
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• 2001

본 논문은 정보사회에서 청소년의 인터넷 중독에 대해 가정 및 학교환경이 어떤 영향을 주고 있는가를 연구하기 위해 요인분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구를 위해 경험적 조사를 실시했고, 666개의 유효 표본을 SPSS 프로그램을 통해 분석하였다. 요인분석 결과 청소년의 인터넷 중독에 대해 가정환경에서는 '부모교육방식이 민주주의', '부모와 자녀간의 관심', '부모의 자녀에 대한 친밀감' 은 청소년의 인터넷 중독에 대한 가정환경의 중요한 요인으로서 나타나고 있다. 청소년의 인터넷 중독에 대한 학교환경에서 3가지 요인인 ‘선생님과의 원만한 관계', '학교교육만족', '학교친구들과의 원만한 관계' 는 청소년의 인터넷 중독에 대한 학교환경의 중요한 요인으로서 나타나고 있다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.78-89
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• 1999

Clothes enhance visual images through the interaction between space and background of the wearer. The influence of background is important as that of the clothes when the observer understands the images. We look at fashion pictures used as important as that various backgrounds are presented depending on the image of the clothes. The clothing the model wears in the pictures takes on shape and space which supports the clothes. The background interact to from the whole image. The background has an important influence on the delivery of image for the clothes. However when the clothes are presented in the background there are some cases that all or parts of clothes can be shown. We must consider the composition ratio of the clothes and background which influences the whole image of the clothing. These interactions and influences on the whole image in regards to clothing background and the ratio will be the focus of this study. clothing was Modern Mannish Casual, Feminine, Ground was decided artificial setting 1 natural setting 1, indoor setting 1, artificial setting 2, natural setting 2, indoor setting 2, Percentage of Clothing was 80% , 140%, 200%,. Thus visual stimulus were 72 pictures that were combined Clothing Ground and Percentage of Clothing, the main survey of questionary consisted of their evaluation of the Picture image combined Clothing and Ground by 30 semantic differential bi-polar scales and the subjects were 50 students majoring in clothing and textile. The data analyzed by factor analysis MCA, MDS, The major finding were as follows : 1) As a result of factor analysis, 5 factors -Attractiveness Hardness and softness Cuteness Attention Cool and Warm factor were found out as constructing factors the Picture image combined Clothing and Ground 2) According to multidimensional positioning map were presented in a stimulus position the perceptive image differed in degree of similarity as a ground construction of stimulus in spite of same clothing image. It will aid in choosing the most beneficial background for any clothing brand. It will enhance the picture images to their full potential in any advertising medium.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.29-41
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• 2014

As the online shopping mall market faces severe competition, marketers have focused on visual factors that generate positive consumer responses in order to induce more consumers. Although product photos are crucial in the communication of product information as well as in the development of positive images of online shopping mall, there was little intention the effect of diverse types of product photo. In this study, three types of backgrounds (i.e., no background, indoor background, street background) are compared in order to explore whether consumer sensibility factors are different according to photo backgrounds. Moreover, it investigates the effect of sensibility toward photo backgrounds on consumer attitude. A total of 222 consumers participated in the experiments. As a result, six sensibility factors were generated from online model photos, including structure, upscale, uniqueness, interest, simpleness, and easiness factors. Among these factors, simpleness and structure showed the highest means; simpleness was the factor indicating the differences according to photo backgrounds. Sensibility factors affecting attitude toward online shopping malls were uniqueness in the case of no background, interest in the case of indoor background, and upscale in the case of street background photo.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.487-509
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• 2012

본 연구는 수학 교육의 가장 큰 이슈 중 하나인 수학에 관한 정의적 영역에서의 향상에 기여하고자 중 고등학교 학생들의 수학 불안에 영향을 미치는 배경 변인에 관한 연구를 실시하였다. 연구 결과 중학교 학생들은 고등학생들보다 더 높은 수학 불안을 나타냈는데, 특히 '외적 요인'과 '학습 방법 요인'에 따른 불안 수준이 높았다. 또한, 여학생보다는 남학생들에게 전반적으로 높은 수학 불안이 나타났으며, 두 집단의 학생들 모두 '외적 요인'과 '학습 방법 요인'에 따른 불안 수준이 더 높게 나타났다. 그 외에도 사교육 시간이 증가할수록 학생들의 수학 불안 수준은 증가하였으며, '시험 및 성적 요인'에서는 자기주도적 학습 시간이 낮은 집단이 나머지 두 집단에 비해 수학 불안의 수준이 높게 나타났다. 수학 불안검사의 4가지 하위 요인 중 학생들은 전반적으로, '시험 및 성적 요인'에 대한 불안이 가장 낮게 나타났고, '수학 외적 요인'에 대한 불안이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

Two elements of paisley textile design (color and size of motif) were manipulated to investigate their effects on people's perception. Korean and Caucasian American women were selected to represent Asian and Western countries to compare the differences in image perceptions of paisley patterns between two cultures. The participants were 168 female university students composed of 84 Caucasian Americans and 84 Koreans. The experimental design was a $2{\times}2{\times}7$ factorial design: two levels of perceiver's culture, two levels of motif size, and seven levels of the motif color. The four factors used to account for image perception were an elegance factor, individuality factor, maturity factor, and femininity factor. The results of the present study confirm that image perception can be different according to the color and size of a motif and the perceiver's culture. In the results, Americans perceived the paisley pattern as more preferable than Koreans did. Red background + Orange motif was perceived as the most feminine and Dark blue background + Sky blue motif and Dark gray background + Gray motif was perceived as the most masculine in both cultures. Compared to the big motif, the small motif was perceived as more elegant in both cultures.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2013

배경제거는 동영상의 내용을 자동으로 분석하기 위한 매우 중요한 기술의 하나로 움직이는 객체를 검출하고 추적하기 위한 핵심 기술이다. 본 논문에서는 배경 모델과 함께 배경 영상을 제공하는 새로운 샘플링 기반의 배경제거 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 방법에서는 움직임이 빠른 객체와 느린 객체를 동시에 처리하기 위해 다중 구간 샘플링 기법을 이용하여 배경 모델을 생성한다. 이러한 다중 구간 배경 모델들로부터 최선의 배경 모델을 만들기 위해 "신뢰도"를 사용한 것이 본 논문의 특징이다. 배경 제거 분야에서 다양한 모델을 병합하여 하나의 모델을 만들기 위해 신뢰도를 정의하여 사용한 경우는 현재까지 보고되지 않았다. 실험을 통해 제안된 방법이 다양한 속도의 객체가 존재하고 시간에 따른 그림자의 이동과 같은 환경 변화가 있는 응용에서도 안정적인 결과를 나타내는 것을 알 수 있었다.