• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.123-127
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• 2006

Background: Caveolin-1 is a principal component of caveolae membranes in vivo. Although expression of caveolae structure and expression of caveolin family, caveolin-1, -2 and -3, was known in chondrocytes, the functional role of caveolae and caveolins in chondrocytes remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of caveolin-1 in articular chondrocytes. Methods: Rabbit articular chondrocytes were prepared from cartilage slices of 2-week-old New Zealand white rabbits by enzymatic digestion. Caveolin-1 cDNA was transfected to articular chondrocytes using LipofectaminePLUS. The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression levels were determined by immunoblot analysis, immunostaining, immunohistochemistry, and prostaglandin $E_2\;(PGE_2)$ assay was used to measure the COX-2 activity. Results: Ectopic expression of caveolin-1 induced COX-2 expression and activity, as indicated by immunoblot analysis and $PGE_2$ assay. And also, overexpression of caveolin-1 stimulated activation of p38 kinase and ERK-1/-2. Inhibition of p38 kinase and ERK-1/-2 with SB203580 and PD98059, respectively, led to a dose-dependent decrease COX-2 expression and $PGE_2$ production in caveolin-1-transfected cells. Conclusion: Taken together, our data suggest that ectopic expression of caveolin-1 contributes to the expression and activity of COX-2 in articular chondrocytes through MAP kinase pathway.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.128-141
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• 2006

The purposes of this study are to consider characteristics of 'movement expression' that are not discovered in preceeding design studies in order to suggest 'movement expression' as a design formative principal and to make clothes which follows this idea. For the method of this study I used various literature about 'movement expression' as theoretical background and analyzed modern clothing in which 'movement expression' is expressed by collecting magazines including foreign collections from 1989 to 2004 and searching the internet. The results obtained from this study is as follows. First, clothing in which 'movement expression' is expressed removes monotony and tedium of clothing design, provides visual interest and satisfaction for clothing, and delivers designers' concept effectively by attracting a gaze quickly. And It is suggested a new division of 'movement expression' through analysis of the 'movement expression' expressed in clothing. It included the intentional movement by wearers, which is the 'movement expression' of broader meaning such as changes of form or position by a certain operation and changes of existence or function. This movement is not fixed and repeated but changes continuously. As a result of including the design expressing the intentional movement by wearers, one's own personality can be expressed more effectively. It is presented a design which has changeable movement expression continuously.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.583-589
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• 2007

The promoter region of pyrC (dihydroorotase) gene of Escherichia coli was shown to have Fur protein binding properties by gel retardation assay. In vivo regulation of the pyrC expression was studied by measuring dihydroorotase activity and ${\beta}$-galactosidase level in the $fur^+$ and $fur^-$ genetic background. The expression of chromosomal dihydroorotase activity and ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity of pyrC-lacZ fusion plasmid was repressed to about 30% and 17%, respectively in the $fur^+$ strain compared to those in the $fur^-$ strain. Divalent ions such as $Fe^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$ were not required for the repression. PyrC expression was also reduced to one half by 1 mM uracil. The effect of uracil was independent on the fur gene.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2000

The rapid progress of molecular genetic methods over the past two decades has necessitated the development of methods to detect and quantify genetic activity within living bodies. Reporter genes provide a rapid and convenient tool to monitor gene expression by yielding a readily measurable phenotype upon expression when introduced into a biological system. Conventional reporter systems, however, are limited in their usefulness for in vivo experiments or human gene therapy because of its invasive nature which requires cell damage before assays can be performed. This offers an unique opportunity for nuclear imaging techniques to develope a novel method for imaging both the location and amount of gene expression noninvasively. Current developments to achieve this goal rely on utilizing either reporter enzymes that accumulate radiolabeled substrates or reporter receptors that bind specific radioligands. This overview includes a brief introduction to the background for such research, a summary of published results, and an outlook for future directions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6639-6643
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• 2015

Background: Prostate cancer is a major concern of public health. Microvascular density (MVD) is one of the prognostic markers for various solid cancers. Matrix metalloproteinase 11 (MMP11) plays an important role in angiogenesis and changes in its expression level are known to be associated with tumor progression and clinical outcome. Aim: To investigate the relationship between MVD and MMP11 expression in prostatic adenocarcinoma tissues. Materials and Methods: The expression levels of MMP11 and MVD were analyzed immunohistochemically for 50 specimens of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Results: MMP11 was mainly expressed in stromal cells but rarely seen in epithelial cells. Mean MVD was $36/mm^2$, and it was correlated significantly only with bone metastases. MVD was also significantly correlated with MMP11 expression (r=0.29, p=0.044). Conclusions: MMP11 may alter the stromal microenvironment of prostate cancer to stimulate tumor angiogenesis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.3145-3149
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• 2014

Gene expression profiling facilitates the understanding of biological characteristics of gliomas. Previous studies mainly used regression/variance analysis without considering various background biological and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to investigate gene expression differences between grade III and IV gliomas through partial least squares (PLS) based analysis. The expression data set was from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. PLS based analysis was performed with the R statistical software. A total of 1,378 differentially expressed genes were identified. Survival analysis identified four pathways, including Prion diseases, colorectal cancer, CAMs, and PI3K-Akt signaling, which may be related with the prognosis of the patients. Network analysis identified two hub genes, ELAVL1 and FN1, which have been reported to be related with glioma previously. Our results provide new understanding of glioma pathogenesis and prognosis with the hope to offer theoretical support for future therapeutic studies.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.11 no.3 s.31
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• pp.87-103
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• 2002

In contemporary architecture, there are developing aspects of variety design in material, image and form. These various architectural trends even change classical media and this concept is based on the background of current idea - digital, information-media, imagination with paradigm. So this study aims to show the present status of the expressions in the contemporary architecture of Korea under its media situation. Namely usual thoughts for design have to be changed because our life is surrounded by many kinds of powerful media signs and various mixed cultural circumstances. And like this, we know for study about the relation between media and current architecture, still more Korean present condition. In chapter one, the background, purpose and method of study are explained. In chapter two, the general concept of media is inquired in this study. In the process of searching for the formingbasic background, the characteristic of this study is understood. In chapter three, this study inquires the aspect of media expression in modern architecture. In chapter four, according to chapter three, this study shows the present status of media expressions in the contemporary architecture of Korea. In chapter five, a synthetic conclusion is presented.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.11 no.1 s.29
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• pp.7-19
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• 2002

Contemporary architecture is developing aspects of variety design in form and material. The various architectural trends even change classical materiality. This concept has the background of current idea - digital, information, imagination with paradigm. So this study aims to show the present status of the expressions in the contemporary architecture in Korea under its dematerialized situation. And like this, we know for study about the relation between dematerialization and current architecture, still more Korean present condition. In chapter one, the background, purpose and method of study are explained. In chapter two, this study inquires the general concept of dematerial. In the process of searching for the forming basic background this study understands the characteristic. In chapter three, this study inquires the aspect of dematerialized expression in modern architect. In chapter four, with characteristics drawn in chapter three, this study show the present status of the expressions in the contemporary architecture in Korea under its dematerialized situation. In chapter five, a synthetic conclusion is presented.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.198-206
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• 2017

In this study, analysis of the cultural effects on design expressions and comparative analysis of designers' cultural background on their expression methods were implemented. The purpose of this study is to help the professionals and learners who pursue towards cultural designs in the design field utilize this research work as reference data and academic materials, and to contribute to the development of designs in the Eastern cultures. The author compared the differences between the viewpoints depending on background, either the Eastern or the Western culture, based on the existing studies and literatures, and analyzed the relationship between the viewpoints and expressions. Also, analyses of the expression methods related with cultural viewpoints and design viewpoints were conducted, especially with analysis of works of Uchida Shigeru from the East and Berner Panton from the West. Although both of their works were produced contemporarily and expressed with similar techniques, each of the conceptual approaches to their works represents different characteristics of the cultural viewpoint. Such a finding suggests that the approach to the design process should take place in a different way based on its cultural background, and it is accordingly required to seek for a new method for cultural design process.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.117-130
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• 2003

Transparency orginated from a visual character of the object recognized to the backside without any obstacle is used as a word explaining the variety of an architectural character from the pre-mordern architecture. Transparency is expressed clearly without using of the material with a permeability like glass in the Korean traditional architecture. Thus the purpose of this study is to analyze an expression of the perceptive transparency focusing on the Dodong Seowon with the phenomenal transparency. In chapter one, the background, purpose and method of study are explained. In chapter two, general concept of transparency is inquired. In the process of searching for the formation of basic background, the characteristic of phenomenal transparency is recognized. In chapter three, the aspect of phenomenal tranparency expression in Korean traditional architecture is inquired. In chapter four, with the characteristics drawn from chapter three, the characteristics of Dodong-Seowon under its phenomenal tranparency are shown. In chapter five, synthetic conclusion is presented.