• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.523-529
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• 2023

Cemented uranium tailings backfill created from alkali-activated slag (CUTB) is an effective method of disposing of uranium tailings. Using some environmental functional minerals with ion exchange, adsorption, and solidification abilities as backfill modified materials may improve the leaching resistance of the CUTB. Natural zeolite, which has good ion exchange and adsorption characteristics, is selected as the backfill modified material, and it is added to the backfill materials with cementitious material proportions of 4%, 8%, 12%, and 16% to prepare CUTB mixtures with environmental functional minerals. After the addition of natural zeolite, the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of the CUTB decreases, but the leaching resistance of the CUTB increases. When the natural zeolite content is 12%, the UCS reaches the minimum value of 8.95 MPa, and the concentration of uranium in the leaching solution is 0.28-8.07 mg/L, the leaching rate R₄₂ is 9.61×10^-7 cm/d, and cumulative leaching fraction P₄₂ is 8.53×10^-4 cm, which shows that the alkali-activated slag cementitious material has a good curing effect on the CUTB, and the addition of environmental functional minerals helps to further improve the leaching resistance of the CUTB, but it reduces the UCS to an extent.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2018

At present research on mining backfill materials is being carried out to prevent ground subsidence and breaking by underground cavern of exhausted mines. However, backfill materials can cause secondary environmental issues such as ground pollution. To solve these issues, liner and cover materials are constructed before backfill materials constructed, to inhibit toxic substances form moving to the surroundings. Liner and cover materials, however, should have an accelerating performance after construction and when the accelerating performance is degraded, the work efficiency can be lowered, and the construction cost can be increased, by many rebound content. Therefore, this study develops mining liner and cover materials, and evaluates their accelerating performance and physical properties of liner and cover materials by types and content of accelerating agent. In case of aluminate accelerating agent, it is mixed with more than 5% of liner and cover materials(binder/ratio); thus an accelerating performance satisfying Korean Industrial Standards(KS) occurs, and in case of alkali-free accelerating agent, when it is mixed with more than 7%(binder/ratio), accelerating performance satisfying KS occurs. The more the accelerating agent capacity increases, the more compressive strength decreases. In addition, it is confirmed that compressive strength of aluminate accelerating agent is more degraded than compressive strength of the alkali-free accelerating agent. It is also confirmed that drying shrinkage stability of the alkali-free accelerating agent is better than the drying shrinkage stability of the aluminate accelerating agent.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 교대에 작용하는 수평력을 저감시키는 총 11 케이스의 설계에 대한 건설비 분석을 실시하였다. 역T형 교대의 뒤채움재 개선과 토목섬유 보강재를 이용하여 교대를 보강한 철도용 보강 교대(Reinforced Abutment for Railways) 적용을 고려한 2종류의 교대 형식에 대하여 검토하였다. 첫 번째 종류의 경제성 분석에서는 역T형 교대의 배면 뒤채움 재료의 내부 마찰각을 35°에서 40°와 50°로 증가시키는 케이스를, 두 번째 종류의 경제성 분석에서는 토목섬유를 적용한 철도용 보강 교대 설계 케이스에 대한 경제성을 비교 분석하였다. 뒤채움 재료의 개선을 통해 내부 마찰각을 40° 혹은 50°로 적용할 때 교대에 가해지는 수평토압은 하중 조건에 따라 18~48% 까지 감소하였으나 교대 건설 비용 저감효과는 2.0~3.9%로 크지 않았다. 그러나, 철도 교대 구조로서 토목섬유 보강 교대를 적용한 결과 교대에 작용하는 수평력을 이론적으로 0까지 저감시킬 수 있어 교대 벽체 두께, 저판 길이 및 말뚝 기초의 수 및 재질 변경으로 최대 30%까지 건설비 저감 효과가 있는 것으로 검토되었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.81-95
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• 2019

Due to the importance of soil reinforcement using geotextiles in geotechnical engineering, study and investigation into long-term performance, design life and survivability of geotextiles, especially due to installation damage are necessary and will affect their economy. During installation, spreading and compaction of backfill materials, geotextiles may encounter severe stresses which can be higher than they will experience in-service. This paper aims to investigate the installation damage of geotextiles, in order to obtain a good approach to the estimation of the material's strength reduction factor. A series of full-scale tests were conducted to simulate the installation process. The study includes four deliberately poorly-graded backfill materials, two kinds of subgrades with different CBR values, three nonwoven needle-punched geotextiles of classes 1, 2 and 3 (according to AASHTO M288-08) and two different relative densities for the backfill materials. Also, to determine how well or how poorly the geotextiles tolerated the imposed construction stresses, grab tensile tests and visual inspections were carried out on geotextile specimens (before and after installation). Visual inspections of the geotextiles revealed sedimentation of fine-grained particles in all specimens and local stretching of geotextiles by larger soil particles which exerted some damage. A regression model is proposed to reliably predict the installation damage reduction factor. The results, obtained by grab tensile tests and via the proposed models, indicated that the strength reduction factor due to installation damage was reduced as the median grain size and relative density of the backfill decreases, stress transferred to the geotextiles' level decreases and as the as-received grab tensile strength of geotextile and the subgrades' CBR value increase.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2018

현행 고속철도 교대 접속부 표준단면은 교대배면에서부터 시멘트안정처리골재, 일반골재, 토공부로 하부 지지강성이 점진적으로 변화하도록 설계하고 있다. 일반골재와 토공부의 배면기울기는 기울기가 클수록 구조적으로 안정적이지만 이에 대한 명확한 기준이 없다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 대형 원심모형실험기를 이용하여 교대 뒤채움 배면구간의 토공과 일반골재의 기울기를 변화하여 현행 표준단면과 침하 및 지지력 특성을 비교하였다. 실험결과 철도하중이 경험하는 하중단계에서는 1:2단면과 1:1.5 기울기 단면이 거의 유사한 성능을 가지고 있는 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2013

지반을 굴착하고 지하매설물을 설치한 후 뒤채움하는 시공에 있어 뒤채움재에 의한 하중은 지하매설물의 안정성을 저감시키고, 이로 인해 각종 파손이 발생한다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 여러 산업 부산물을 이용하여 관의 변형을 일으키지 않고 소정의 강도를 가질 수 있는 뒤채움재를 개발하기 위해 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 화력발전소의 산업부산물인 석탄회를 활용한 뒤채움재를 사용하여 그 중 CLSM에 대한 물리적 특성 기준에 가장 적합한 배합비를 선택하여 현장시험을 실시하였고, 수치해석을 수행하여 실험결과의 신뢰성을 높였으며 뒤채움 후 DB-24 하중을 재하하여 하중재하 전 후의 지표침하량, 매설관의 변형률을 분석하였다. 그 결과 현장실험과 수치해석 모두 비슷한 결과를 얻었고 침하량은 2mm 이하로 나타났으며 매설관의 변형률은 최대 0.006으로 나타났다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1995년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.201-210
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• 1995

In Resent years, urban tunnels have been more deeply constructed due to the congestion of buried steuctures. In such conditions, the shield method has become one of the popular urban tunnelling method by reason of several characteristics ; safety of construction, mimium environmental damage, and workbility. In tunnelling, the space which is tail-void are created between the ground and the other face of the primary lining. in other to reduce the ground seformation, it is important backfilling in tail-void. In this paper, the result of an experimental investigation undertaken to evaluate the physical and mechanical propeties of grouts composed of various mixtures of backfill materials. And the backfill injection model test was carried out considering the effects of tail-void.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.419-426
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to present the application of WFS co-mixtures for retaining wall as flowable backfill. The fly ash, generated at the Tae-An thermoelectric power plant, was used in this research and was classified as Class F. Green Sand, Furane Sand, and Coated Sand, which had been used at a foundry located in Pusan, were used. Couple of laboratory tests and small scale retaining wall tests were performed to obtain the physical properties of the WFS co-mixtures and the possibility of backfill materials of retaining wall. The range of permeability for all the co-mixtures was from 3.0${\times}$10$\^$-3/ cm/s to 6.0${\times}$10$\^$-5/ cm/s. The unconfined strength of the 28-day cured specimens reached around 550kPa. Results of the consolidated-undrained triaxial test showed that the internal friction angle is between 33.5$^{\circ}$ and 41.8$^{\circ}$. The lateral earth pressure against wall decreased up to 80% of initial pressure within a 12 hours and the total lateral earth pressure is less than that of typical granular soil. It was enough to construct the backfill for the standard retaining of 6m with just two steps, like fill the co-mixtures for half of retaining wall, and then fill the others after 1 day. The stability of retaining wall for overturning and sliding increased as the curing time elapsed.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 지반공학 공동 학술발표회
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• pp.395-404
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• 2005

This study is to evaluate the physical and mechanical characteristics of flowable backfill and search for the optimal mixture contents of it used for constructing underground power utilities. flowable backfill is known as soil-cement slurry, void fill, and controlled low-strength material(CLSM). The benefits of CLSM include reduced equipment costs, faster construction, re-excavation in the future, and the ability to place material in confined spaces such as narrow parts nearly impossible for compaction or perimeter of underground power cables. The flowable slurry mixture made with 9 types of soil and 6 types of accelerated mixtures in the laboratory were evaluated for bleeding, flowability, heat resistance, and unconfined compressive strength to meet the aim values of this study.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2010

지중전력선은 연성관을 다발로 지하에 매설함으로 관의 하단부 다짐효율이 낮아 파손 등과 같은 구조적 문제점에 항상 노출되어 있고 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해서 다양한 방법들이 강구되어 왔으며 그중 하나가 유동성이 뛰어난 저강도 콘크리트의 개발이다. 그러나 지중전력선 뒤채움재는 이러한 구조적 안정성 뿐만 아니라 전력선에서 발생하는 열을 효율적으로 외부로 배출시키는 우수한 열적 특성도 동시에 요구된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 급결성 유동성 뒤채움재의 물리, 역학적 조건에 따른 열 저항특성을 파악하고자 한다. 국내 토질조건을 고려하여 풍화토, 자갈, 점토를 혼합한 혼합토 총 17종류의 다양한 토양에 대해서 고화재를 적용하여 물리, 역학적 특성(함수비, 단위 중량, 간극비, 양생 시간)에 따른 열저항 특성을 파악하고, 현장의 적용성을 확인하고자 실증실험을 수행하였다. 연구결과, 실제 지반조건과 유사한 17종 혼합토에 대해서 수축팽창, 양생조건을 고려한 실내실험과 현장토에 대해서 실험을 수행한 결과, 다양한 현장조건에 대해서 $85^{\circ}C\;cm/W$ 이하 열 저항성 값으로 우수한 열특성을 나타냈다.