• Macromolecular Research
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2001

Poly(p-phenylene pyromellitimide) and poly(4,4'-biphenylene pyromellitimide) are representatives of fully rod-like polyimides. Their structure and properties in thin films are reviewed. The polymers exhibit some excellent properties such as high molecular packing coefficient, high mechanical modulus, and low thermal expansion coefficient, and low interfacial stress, so that they are very attractive to both industry and academia. However, these polymers are very brittle and thus practically useless. Some chemical modifications to improve such drawback with a little sacrifice of the high modulus are described: i) incorporation of short side groups into the polymer backbone and ii) insertion of proper linkages into the polymer backbone.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.225-231
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• 1992

In this paper, queuing networks with open chains are considerd to analyze the performance of packet switching networks. Networks are classified into backbone and local access networks. Networks for performance analysis are distributed to twelve regions and DNS is the backbone. Analysis was conducted using the real values from the input to existing networks and mathematical estimation values. As the result of analysis, the mean of end-to-and delay for each chain was presented. Except special regions, we found that there was a little difference between real values and mathematical estimation values. However, there could be a performance problem in total networks due to the increase of communication volumes in each region. So we proposed some solutions to this problem.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.96-104
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• 2006

The gene coding for APG8a (At4g21980), a protein from Arabidopsis thaliana, is involved in the autophagy process. The protein is an interesting candidate for structure determination by NMR spectroscopy. Toward this end, APG8a has been produced recombinantly in Escherichia coli and typical NMR experiments such as $^{15}N-HSQC$, HNCA, HN(CO)CA, CBCA(CO)NH, HCCH-TOCSY, HNCO were performed. The backbone resonances, HN, N, CA, CB, and C' were sequence-specifically assigned, and the secondary structures including 3 $\alpha$ helices and $4\beta$ strands were deduced based on the assignments. Due to the intrinsic flexibility or the effect of the denaturant, the backbone resonances were not fully observed. Since the structure calculation by NMR data was not possible, the 3-dimensional model was built based on the sequence homology, and compared with the NMR results. The overall structure of the model could explain and complement the NMR derived secondary structures.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2018

Replication protein A (RPA) is an essential single-stranded DNA binding protein in DNA processing. It is known that N terminal domain of RPA70 (RPA70N) recruits various protein partners including damage-response proteins such as p53, ATRIP, Rad9, and MRE11. Although the common binding residues of RPA70N were revealed, dynamic properties of the protein are not studied yet. In this study, we measured $^{15}N$ relaxation parameters ($T_1,\;T_2$ and heteronuclear NOE) of human RPA70N and analyzed them using model-free analysis. Our data showed that the two loops near the binding site experience fast time scale motion while the binding site does not. It suggests that the protein binding surface of RPA70N is mostly rigid for minimizing entropy cost of binding and the loops can experience conformational changes.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2012년도 한국컴퓨터종합학술대회논문집 Vol.39 No.1(D)
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• pp.369-371
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• 2012

Wireless sensor networks have taken immense interest in healthcare systems in recent years. One example of it is in an in vivo sensor that is deployed in critical and sensitive healthcare applications like artificial retina, cardiac pacemaker, drug delivery, blood pressure, internal heat calculation, glucosemonitoring etc. In vivo sensor nodes exhibit temperature that may be very dangerous for human tissues. However, existing in vivo thermal aware routing approaches suffer from hotspot creation, delay, and computational complexity. These limitations motivate us toward an in vivo virtual backbone, a small subset of nodes, connected to all other nodes and involved in routing of all nodes, -based solution. A virtual backbone is lightweight and its fault-tolerant version allows in vivo sensor nodes to disconnect hotspot paths and to use alternative paths. We have formulated the problem as m-connected k-dominating set problem with minimum temperature cost in in vivo sensor network. This is a combinatorial optimization problem and we have been motivated to use evolutionary approach to solve the problem.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.814-817
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• 2015

A new ionic mass transfer correlation is derived for the fluid-saturated, horizontal porous layer. Darcy-Forchheimer model is used to explain characteristics of fluid motion. Based on the microscales of turbulence a backbone mass transfer relation is derived as a function of the Darcy-Rayleigh number, $Ra_D$ and the porous medium Schmidt number, $Sc_p$. For the Darcy's limit of $Sc_p{\gg}Ra_D$, the Sherwood number, Sh is a function of $Ra_D$ only. However, for the region of high $Ra_D$, Sh can be related with $Ra_DSc_p$. Based on the present backbone equation and the electrochemical mass transfer experiments which are electro plating or electroless plating, the new ionic mass transfer correlation is suggested in the porous media.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제29권5B호
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• pp.491-497
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• 2004

본 논문에서는, 인터넷 백본 네트워크상에서 악성의 네트워크 공격 트래픽을 고립시킴으로서 네트워크 인프라를 보호하기 위한 트래픽 제어 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 개별 플로우 또는 개별 패킷들에 기반을 둔 기존의 방법들과 달리 제안된 공격 탐지 및 제어 방법은 집합된 트래픽 수준에서 운영되므로 계산의 복잡성을 현저히 줄일 수 있으므로 네트워크 공격에 대한 전역 인프라 구축에 활용 가능하다. 실험 결과는 제안된 방법에 의한 트래픽 제어가 네트워크 공격이 이루어질 시 정상 트래픽과 네트워크 자원들을 적절히 보호할 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2007년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.1209-1212
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 대표적인 산업용 프로토콜인 DNP(Distributed Network Protocol) 3.0과 TETRA(Terrestrial Trunked Radio)의 Gateway System Architecture를 제안한다. TETRA는 재난망 무선통신 기술로써 여러가지 타입의 무선 인터페이스를 제공한다. 이러한 TETRA 기술을 이용해서 원거리에 있는 각 산업용 장비들의 감시 제어를 보다 효율적으로 수행 할 수 있다. 하지만 아직 TETRA의 국내 표준이 이루어지지 않은 상태이기 때문에 본 논문에서는 다양한 산업용 장비와 인터페이스를 할 수 있는 표준을 제공하고자 한다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.557-559
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• 2005

Optical networks are composed of various enabling technologies, merged in harmony to produce high-speed, reliable and affordable communications backbones. Optical communications has evolved out of the necessity for a transmission medium with increased bandwidth capacity. The evolution of fiber optic data communications has stemmed from the telecommunications industry's need to multiplex voice channels for interconnecting call distribution center.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.9-22
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• 1999

This paper considers a problem of configuring both physical backbone and logical virtual path (VP) networks in a reconfigurable asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network where links are subject to failures. The objective is to determine jointly the VP assignment, the capacity assignment of physical links and the bandwidth allocation of VPs, and the routing assignment of traffic demand at least cost. The network cost includes backbone link capacity expansion cost and penalty cost for not satisfying the maximum throughput of the traffic due to link failures or insufficient link capacities. The problem is formulated as a zero-one non-linear mixed integer programming problem, for which an effective solution procedure is developed by using a Lagrangean relaxation technique for finding a lower bound and a heuristic method exploited for improving the upper bound of any intermediate solution. The solution procedure is tested for its effectiveness with various numerical examples.