• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.283-290
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• 2019

Corner cut, corner chamfered or a building shape change are adopted in the design of tall buildings to achieve aerodynamic superiority as well as response reduction. Kikuchi et.al pointed out that large negative peak external pressures can appear near the inside corner of set-back low rise buildings. It is therefore necessary to pay attention to facade design around steps in building surfaces. Peak wind pressures for corner cut or corner chamfered configurations are given in the AIJ code. However, they cannot be applied where there are many variations of vertical and horizontal steps. There has been no previous systematic research on peak wind pressures around steps in building surfaces. In this study, detailed phenomenon of peak wind pressures around steps in buildings are investigated focusing on vertical and horizontal distances from the building's corner.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.321-325
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• 2005

Bipolar plate is the main part with MEA in automotive PEMFC. It must have a good electrical conductivity and excellent corrosion resistance, be cost effective. Therefore, stainless steels have been studied by many researchers because of its corrosion resistance and cost benefits. But their properties are not sufficient for the application to bipolar plate for automotive PEMFC. In this work, we have performed stamping using various commercial stainless steels to select candidate material for biploar plate and to derive design parameters for stamping simulation. The results showed that a small curvature at the corner of flow field is more favorable due to easier a plastic deformation. Stamping process was simulated by changing surface condition, and the size and angle of channel. The optimum shape and spring back phenomena were evaluated. Surface coating was applied to increase the corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity of stainless steel. The electrical interfacial resistance was 10 to $15m{\Omega}cm^2$ under clamping force of 150psi. But corrosion resistance of coating on the stainless steel was not good due to the unstableness of microstructure.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.482-488
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• 2014

Flexible forming technology has advantages in sheet metal forming, because it can be implemented to produce various shaped molds using a single apparatus. Due to this advantage, it is possible to apply it to the manufacture of an aircraft winglet mold. Presently, most aircraft winglets are manufactured from composite materials. Therefore, the mold for the curing process is an essential element in the fabrication of such composite materials. Compared to conventional mold forming, flexible forming has some advantages such as reduced manufacturing cost and uniformity of mold thickness. If the thickness of the mold is consistent, then the heat transfer will occur uniformly during the curing process leading to improved formability of the composite material. In the current study, numerical simulations were performed to investigate the possibility of flexible forming for manufacturing of the winglet mold. In order to match the size of the actual product, the shape of objective surface was divided to fit the dimensions of the apparatus. The results from the numerical simulations are compared with the objective surface to verify the accuracy. In conclusion, the current study confirms the feasibility and the potential to manufacture winglet molds by flexible forming.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.31-39
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• 1980

The basic pattern of skirt should be functional in addition to be fit the body. The author paid special attention to the expansion and contraction of the shell which were made the lower trunk and thigh caused by sitting motions. The replicas of the shell were taken by using a gypsum method on 1 female under 4 standardized motions; standing motion, (basic motion), sitting on the chair with flextion 90' at the hip and the knee joints sitting with dropping knees, and sitting with benting legs side wards. Those replicas obtained were developed to the patterns and changes in shape and area of those were measured. Typical displacement and transformation of the shell surface patterns were showed geographycally fig 5-1 to 5-4. mean values of expansion and constriction were obtained by measuring the shell surface on 60 female under the 4 motions. the mean values of it were showed numerically in Table 1-1 to 1-3. The following results were obtained; 1. Vertical constriction of front of the shell were observed near sulcus in guinalis, and vertical extension were near the knees. Horizontal extension were observed near the thighs and the knees. 2. Vertical constrictions of the back of the shell were observed near the knees. It seemed to be influnced the flexion angles of knee points. vertical extension were near gluteus and thighs. Horizontal constriction were small, and horizonlal extension were near gluteus. 3. The high rates of constriction and extension were found near sulcus in guinalis, glutes, and knees. 4. The rates of constriction and extension on the waist line were very low. 5. The highest values of constriction and extension were found in hip and knees.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.334-339
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• 1996

In order to investigate the influence of the magnetic paticle size and its properties on the particulate magnetic material, we evaluated the dispersion of magnetic particles and the electromagnetic properties in magnetic tape made from the magnetic paints by use of each magnetic particles witch were different from particle size and its propertis. The dispersion of magnetic particles depends on the surface chemical properties rather than particle size. As particle size is smaller, the packing ratio of magnetic particle and the magnetic flux density in tape increase. The output levels in playing back of tape incerase in wide frequency range from 315 Hz to 10 kHz and the noises decrease. It is very important to choose the size, the shape, the surface chemical properties and the magnetic properties of the magnetic particle in producing the high quality magnetic tape.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2015

This study focuses on the dimensions of tractor seat, which is one of the important link between the tractor and the operator based on ergonomic approach in the design process. 7 anthropometric data sets were introduced from Korean and US anthropometric database for adult male and female including length of buttock to back of knee (sitting), height of lowest point of shoulder blade (sitting), underside elbow height (sitting), and so on. Design factor for the tractor seat included dimensions of seating surface, dimensions of backrest surface, and the location of armrest. The shape of spinal curve and clothing correction should be also considered during the design process. The result of this study can be used as a guideline for the design process of tractor seat.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.42-46
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• 2005

In microelectronics packaging, the reliability of the metal/polymer interfaces is an important issue because the adhesion strength between dissimilar materials is often inherently poor. The modification of polymer sufaces by ion beam irradiation and rf plasma are commonly used to enhance the adhesion strength of the interface. T-peel strengths were measured using a Cu/polyimide system under varying $Ar^+$ ion beam irradiation pretreatment conditions. The measured T-peel strength showed reversed camel back shape regarding the fixed metal-layer thickness, which was quite different from the results of the $90^{\circ}$ peel test. The elementary analysis suggests that the variation of the T-peel strength is a combined outcome of the plastic bending work of the metal and polymer strips. The results indicate that the peel strength increases with $Ar^+$ ion beam irradiation energy at the fixed metal-layer thickness.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.576-582
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• 2021

Dichroic beam-splitter (DBS) with polarization-maintaining took an important role in the free space quantum telecommunication tests on the Micius satellite of China. In this presentation, we designed and prepared a 50 layer polarization-maintaining DBS coating by a dual ion beam sputtering deposition (Dual-IBS) method. In order to solve a stress problem, an 18 layer special anti-reflection (AR) coating with similar physical thickness ratio was deposited on the backside. By stress compensation, the surface flatness RMS value of the DBS sample decreased from 0.341 λ (@632.8 nm) to 0.103 λ while beam splitting and polarization maintaining properties were almost kept unchanged. Further, we discussed the mechanism of film stress and stress compensation by equation deduction and found that total stress had a strong relationship with the total physical thickness and the ratio of layer materials.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.106-117
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• 1992

In this study, the propagation behaviour and the closure phenomena of physically small surface cracks were investigated by the techinque of the Kikukawa-unloading elastic compliance method using a back face strain gage. The surface cracks initiated and propagated from notched specimens under constant amplitude bending load. The crack shape (aspect ratio) with approximately semi-circular at the early stage was changed to semi-elliptical as the cracks grew larger. The crack depth (a) could be expressed uniquenly by the crack length (c). The dependence of the crack propagation rate on the stress ratio R was strongly related in the lower ${\Delta}K$ range. The deceleration of the surface crack propagation rate was prominent in lower R during the crack length was small. When the propagation rate was rearranged with the effective stress intensity factor range ${\Delta}$K_{eff} the dependence of the crack propagation rate on the stress ratio R was found to be diminshed. These were caused by the crack closure phenomena that was most prominent at the lower propagation rate. The mechanism of crack closure phenomena was dominated by the plasticity-induced mechanism.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2004

We report on a transmittance controlled photomask with phase patterns on the back quartz surface. Theoretical analysis for changes in illumination pupil shape with respect to the variation of size and density of backside phase patterns and experimental results for improvement of critical dimension uniformity on a wafer by using the transmittance controlled photomask are presented. As phase patterns for controlling transmittance of the photomask we used etched contact-hole type patterns with 180" rotative phase with respect to the unetched region. It is shown that pattern size on the backside of the photomask must be made as small as possible in order to keep the illumination pupil shape as close as possible to the original pupil shape and to achieve as large an illumination intensity drop as possible at a same pattern density. The distribution of illumination intensity drop suitable for correcting critical dimension error was realized by controlling pattern density of the contact-hole type phase patterns. We applied this transmittance controlled photomask to a critical layer of DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) having a 140nm design rule and could achieve improvement of the critical dimension uniformity value from 24.0 nm to 10.7 nm in 3$\sigma$.TEX>.