• 제목/요약/키워드: Back-short

검색결과 603건 처리시간 0.023초

직접구 치료에 의해 호전된 척추수술후통증증후군 환자 5례 (Case Series of 5 Failed Back Surgery Syndrome Patients Who were Treated by Direct Moxibustion Therapy)

  • 이동화;신미숙
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • 제28권3호
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    • pp.233-244
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    • 2011
  • Objectives : To evaluate the effectiveness of direct moxibustion in patients with failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). Methods : 5 patients (3 females and 2 males) with FBSS underwent direct moxibustion on ouch points (阿是穴) for 10 to 15 weeks (once a week). The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated with NRS (numerical rating scale), ODI (Oswestry disability index), BDI (Beck depression inventory) score, SF-36 (short form 36 health survey) score and PSQI (Pittsburgh sleep quality index) before and after the treatment. Results : Within observation period, average value changed from 10.0 to 4.2 in NRS of pain, from 37.0 to 20.6 in ODI, from 20.6 to 12.0 in BDI score, 42.2 to 62.6 in SF-36 score, and from 8.6 to 5.2 in PSQI. Conclusions : Direct moxibustion on FBSS patients showed more or equivalent effectiveness when compared to conventional FBSS treatment modalities.

Music/Voice Separation Based on Kernel Back-Fitting Using Weighted β-Order MMSE Estimation

  • Kim, Hyoung-Gook;Kim, Jin Young
    • ETRI Journal
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    • 제38권3호
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    • pp.510-517
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    • 2016
  • Recent developments in the field of separation of mixed signals into music/voice components have attracted the attention of many researchers. Recently, iterative kernel back-fitting, also known as kernel additive modeling, was proposed to achieve good results for music/voice separation. To obtain minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimates of short-time Fourier transforms of sources, generalized spatial Wiener filtering (GW) is typically used. In this paper, we propose an advanced music/voice separation method that utilizes a generalized weighted ${\beta}$-order MMSE estimation (WbE) based on iterative kernel back-fitting (KBF). In the proposed method, WbE is used for the step of mixed music signal separation, while KBF permits kernel spectrogram model fitting at each iteration. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better separation performance than GW and existing Bayesian estimators.

중년 여성의 체형 분류 및 연령별 특징 연구 (A study on Somatotype Classification and Characteristics Related to Age of Middle-Aged Women)

  • 심정희;함옥상
    • 한국의류학회지
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.795-806
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    • 2001
  • This study is to classify the somatotypes of middle-aged women by many critera and figure out he characteristics of each somatotypes. The subjects are 614 middle-aged women between 35 and 59 years old and the research is based on anthropometric and photometric measurement by photographing their body parts. The results are as follows; 1. The result of factor analysis indicated that 11 factors were extracted through factor analysis and orthogonal rotation by the method of varimax and those factors comprised 85.71 percent of total variance. 2. As the result of cluster analysis the group of the middle-aged women is classified as 6 types. Type 1 is short, fat, H type in front and lean-back type on the side. Type 2 is standard in height and weight. Type 3 is standard height, fat, long upper body, bend-forward type and protrude of the hip on the side. Type 4 is tall, thin, short upper body, having clearly protrude of the back and hip and lean-back type on the side. Type 5 is neither short nor tall, slim, X type in front and I type on the side. Type 6 is tall, thin and B type on the side. 3. As the result of observing the mutual corresponding relation between these 6 groups and age/Rohrers Index, the somatotype of the middle-aged women is divided at the age of 45. Accordingly when it comes to progress the study of the middle-aged women in the future, we will have to observe the characteristics for dividing the first half and the second half of age of 45.

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딥러닝 기반 침수 수위 예측: 미국 텍사스 트리니티강 사례연구 (Water Level Forecasting based on Deep Learning: A Use Case of Trinity River-Texas-The United States)

  • 트란 광 카이;송사광
    • 정보과학회 논문지
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    • 제44권6호
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    • pp.607-612
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    • 2017
  • 도시에서 홍수 피해를 방지하기 위한 침수를 예측하기 위해 본 논문에서는 딥러닝(Deep Learning) 기법을 적용한다. 딥러닝 기법 중 시계열 데이터 분석에 적합한 Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs)을 활용하여 강의 수위 관측 데이터를 학습하고 침수 가능성을 예측하였다. 예측 정확도 검증을 위해 사용한 데이터는 미국의 트리니티강의 데이터로, 학습을 위해 2013 년부터 2015 년까지 데이터를 사용하였고 평가 데이터로는 2016 년 데이터를 사용하였다. 입력은 16개의 레코드로 구성된 15분단위의 시계열 데이터를 사용하였고, 출력으로는 30분과 60분 후의 강의 수위 예측 정보이다. 실험에 사용한 딥러닝 모델들은 표준 RNN, RNN-BPTT(Back Propagation Through Time), LSTM(Long Short-Term Memory)을 사용했는데, 그 중 LSTM의 NE(Nash Efficiency)가 0.98을 넘는 정확도로 기존 연구에 비해 매우 높은 성능 향상을 보였고, 표준 RNN과 RNN-BPTT에 비해서도 좋은 성능을 보였다.

Effects of Sling Exercise on Pain and Disability in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: Meta-Analysis of Studies in Korea

  • Park, Chibok;Jeong, Hojin;Kim, Byeonggeun
    • 국제물리치료학회지
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.2155-2163
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    • 2020
  • Background: Various treatments have been proposed for chronic low back pain (CLBP), but recent guidelines and reviews recommend regular physical exercise. However, some other studies have reported opposite results that sling exercise (SE) and other exercises (OE) did not differ in improving CLBP. Objectives: To systematically review and meta-analyze the effects of SE on CLBP in studies published in Korea. Design: A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis. Methods: Randomized controlled trials comparing SE with OE and modality therapy (MT), published up to June 2020, were identified by electronic searches. Primary outcomes were pain and disability. The weighted mean difference (WMD), stand mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. Results: Based on the results of the meta-analysis, SE was effective for pain in the comparison of SE and MT [short-term: WMD=-1.64, 95% CI (-3.06, -0.22); long-term: WMD=-0.34, 95% CI (-0.42, -0.26)]. It was effective for pain in the comparison of SE and OE [short-term: WMD=-1.18, 95% CI (-2.15, -0.20); long-term: WMD=-0.66, 95% CI (-0.89, -0.43)]. It was also effective for disability in the comparison of SE and MT [short-term: SMD=-15.82, 95% CI (-23.10, -8.54)]. We found no clinically relevant differences in disability between SE and OE. Heterogeneity was high in the comparison of SE and overall variables. Conclusion: If SE is applied to physical therapy to improve the main symptoms of CLBP patients, it may contribute to their recovery. More high-quality randomized studies on the topic are warranted.

중년 후기 여성의 체형 유형화에 관한 연구 (A Study on Somatotype Classification of the Late Middle-Aged Women)

  • 심정희
    • 한국의류학회지
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.15-26
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of this study was to classier the somatotype of late middle-aged women and to analyze the characteristics of each somatotype. The subjects were 337 late middle-aged women and their age range os from 45 to 59 fears old. Data were collected through anthropometry and photometry and analyzed by factor analysis, cluster analysis and discriminant analysis. The results were as follows; 1. The result of factor analysis indicated that 9 factors were extracted through factor analysis and those factors comprised 83.56 percent of total valiance. 2. Using factor scores, cluster analysis was carried out and the subject were classified into 4 cluster. Each cluster was classified as their body front and side view contour. Type 1 is tall, slim, and lower balk is flat on the side. Type 2 is standard and lean-back type on the side. Type 3 is standard height and weight, H type in front, and belly-protruded on the side. Type 4 is short, fat, and the side is hip-protruded. 3. According to the stepwise discriminant analysis, the 9 important items in classifying the somatotype of the late middle-aged women are as follows ; lower back tilt angle, hip depth(back) -back waist depth(back), bust depth(fore) - anterior waist depth(fore), jugular fossa point(fore), upper back tilt angle, burst breadth -waist breadth, right shoulder tilt, height of shoulder - height of anterior waist, abdomen breath. The correct classification rate for these items is as exact as 84.62%.

Analytical Method를 이용한 고체 추진제 그레인의 Burn-back 연구 (Study on Solid Propellant Grain Burn-back Analysis Using Analytical Method)

  • 손지현;장진성;오석환;노태성
    • 한국추진공학회지
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.40-47
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    • 2014
  • 우주발사체 최적 설계에 사용될 내탄도 해석 코드를 위한 그레인 Burn-back 연구를 수행하였다. 그레인 Burn-back은 내탄도 해석에 필수적인 그레인의 연소면적의 계산에 사용된다. 최적 설계에 사용될 내탄도 해석 코드는 설계 변수의 변경 및 반복계산을 통해 요구 성능을 만족할 때 까지 반복 계산을 수행한다. 따라서 내탄도 해석에 적용될 Burn-back 해석기법은 설계 변수의 변경이 용이하며 계산시간이 짧아야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 Analytical Method를 이용하여 Burn-back 해석코드를 개발하였으며, 그레인 형상에 대해 기하학적 변수를 선정 및 형상 변화에 대해 정리하였다. 개발된 코드는 Numerical Method로부터 산출된 값과 비교하여 검증을 수행하였다.

Finite element modelling of back-to-back built-up cold-formed stainless-steel lipped channels under axial compression

  • Roy, Krishanu;Lau, Hieng Ho;Lim, James B.P.
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • 제33권1호
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    • pp.37-66
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    • 2019
  • In cold-formed steel structures, such as trusses, wall frames and portal frames, the use of back-to-back built-up cold-formed stainless-steel lipped channels as compression members are becoming increasingly popular. The advantages of using stainless-steel as structural members are corrosion resistance and durability, compared with carbon steel. The AISI/ASCE Standard, SEI/ASCE-8-02 and AS/NZS do not include the design of stainless-steel built-up channels and very few experimental tests or finite element analyses have been reported in the literature for such back-to back cold-formed stainless-steel channels. Current guidance by the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) and the Australian and New Zealand (gAS/NZS) standards for built-up carbon steel sections only describe a modified slenderness approach, to consider the spacing of the intermediate fasteners. Thus, this paper presents a numerical investigation on the behavior of back-to-back cold-formed stainless-steel built-up lipped channels. Three different grades of stainless steel i.e., duplex EN1.4462, ferritic EN1.4003 and austenitic EN1.4404 have been considered. Effect of screw spacing on the axial strength of such built-up channels was investigated. As expected, most of the short and intermediate columns failed by either local-global or local-distortional buckling interactions, whereas the long columns, failed by global buckling. All three grades of stainless-steel stub columns failed by local buckling. A comprehensive parametric study was then carried out covering a wide range of slenderness and different cross-sectional geometries to assess the performance of the current design guidelines by AISI and AS/NZS. In total, 647 finite element models were analyzed. From the results of the parametric study, it was found that the AISI & AS/NZS are conservative by around 10 to 20% for cold-formed stainless-steel built-up lipped channels failed through overall buckling, irrespective of the stainless-steel grades. However, the AISI and AS/NZS can be un-conservative by around 6% for all three grades of stainless-steel built-up channels, which failed by local buckling.

절연막을 이용한 단면 표면조직화 결정질 실리콘 태양전지 (The Single-Side Textured Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell Using Dielectric Coating Layer)

  • 도겸선;박석기;명재민;유권종;송희은
    • 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국태양에너지학회 2011년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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    • pp.245-248
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    • 2011
  • Many researches have been carried out to improve light absorption in the crystalline silicon solar cell fabrication. The rear reflection is applied to increase the path length of light, resulting in the light absorption enhancement and thus the efficiency improvement mainly due to increase in short circuit current. In this paper, we manufactured the silicon solar cell using the mono crystalline silicon wafers with $156{\times}156mm^2$, 0.5~3.0 ${\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ of resistivity and p-type. After saw damage removal, the dielectric film ($SiN_x$)on the back surface was deposited, followed by surface texturing in the KOH solution. It resulted in single-side texturing wafer. Then the dielectric film was removed in the HF solution. The silicon wafers were doped with phosphorus by $POCl_3$ with the sheet resistance 50 ${\Omega}/{\Box}$ and then the silicon nitride was deposited on the front surface by the PECVD with 80nm thickness. The electrodes were formed by screen-printing with Ag and Al paste for front and back surface, respectively. The reflectance and transmittance for the single-sided and double-sided textured wafers were compared. The double-sided textured wafer showed higher reflectance and lower transmittance at the long wavelength region, compared to single-sided. The completed crystalline silicon solar cells with different back surface texture showed the conversion efficiency of 17.4% for the single sided and 17.3% for the double sided. The efficiency improvement with single-sided textured solar cell resulted from reflectance increase on back surface and light absorption enhancement.

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비콘 기반 저속 WPAN에서의 적응적 백오프 알고리즘 (An Adaptive Back-off Algorithm in Beacon-Enabled LR-WPAN)

  • 박성우
    • 한국전자통신학회논문지
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    • 제11권8호
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    • pp.735-742
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    • 2016
  • 저속 WPAN은 저속, 저전력, 저비용의 단거리 무선 네트워킹 기술이다. 저속 WPAN에서는 경쟁 기반의 CSMA/CA 알고리즘을 사용하여 디바이스들의 무선 채널 접속을 제어하기 때문에 프레임 전송시 언제라도 충돌이 발생할 수 있으며 이로 인해 네트워크 성능이 심각하게 저하될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 저속 WPAN의 CSMA/CA 과정에서 프레임 충돌율을 줄이기 위해 네트워크 상황에 따라 백오프 구간을 동적으로 변화시키는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 시뮬레이션 수행 결과, CSMA/CA 과정에서 제안하는 동적 백오프 알고리즘은 백오프 구간을 정적으로 유지했을 경우에 비해 프레임 전달율과 지연 시간 측면에서 안정적이면서도 우수한 성능을 보이는 것을 확인하였다.