• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.434-440
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• 2009

Background: Surgical closure of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) can be considered when conservative medical treatment is ineffective or contraindicated. Low weight and earlier gestational age neonates who are treated with conservative medical therapy generally showed a higher failure rate. The morbidity of surgical PDA closure in such extremely low birth weight (ELBW) neonates is also high. Here we present the early results of a new technique for approaching the PDA through a dorsal minithoracotomy. Material and Method: From March 2006 to November 2008, 24 premature neonates underwent surgical PDA closure. The procedures were performed in the newborn intensive care unit via a 2 cm long dorsal minithoracotomy with the baby in the prone position with the left hemithorax elevated 30$^{\circ}$. Bimanual cotton swab blunt dissection completed the extrapleural accesstothe PDA and then two clips were applied. Tube thoracostomy was avoided if there was no meaningful pleural laceration. Result: The infants mean gestational age was 26.5$\pm$2.1 weeks (range: 23 to 30 weeks) and the average age at operation was 11$\pm$11 days. The mean body weight at operation was 933$\pm$271 grams (range: 570 to 1,700 grams). Eight patients expired, but there was no procedure-related death. Postoperative echocardiography revealed two cases of residual shunt but none of these shunts were detected on the follow up echocardiogram that was performed on the post operative 5 and 59 days. Conclusion: We concluded that the technique described here is an effective procedure in view of the satisfactory operative exposure and the low rate of complications.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.71-92
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• 2017

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the experiences of original family and social relationships in single women. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were arranged with 18 single women who met the criteria for the present research purpose. We considered only those responses of the interviewees that are directly related to their experiences of original family and social relationships, where the collected data were analyzed in three steps by methods of thematic analysis. As a result of the analysis, the experiences of original family and social relationships in single women could be grouped into six main clusters of themes which may be labeled as (1) themes centered on 'Family attachment', (2) themes centered on 'Special People' and (3) themes centered on 'Estrange relative relationship'. (4) themes centered on 'Small social life', (5) themes centered on 'Absence of a social relationshipship', (6) themes centered on 'Drive for freedom'. Among the first category of themes of 'Family attachment', we have found three sub-themes such as 'Adult Baby under parents' care', 'Confirm of single life', 'Intricate family relations'. As for the second category of themes 'Special People', three sub-themes have been found including 'I Only Love Mom.', 'Sister friend', 'My lovely nephew or niece'. And for the third category of only one theme 'Estranged relative relationship'. And for the fourth category of themes 'Small social life', there were found four sub-themes which include 'Relationship at work', 'Chat with friends', 'Keep oneself aloof from the opposite sex', 'Singles gather together'. And for the fifth category of themes 'Absence of a social relationshipship', there were found three sub-themes which include 'Alone than meeting', 'Lazism', 'Tight daily lives'. And for the final category of themes 'Drive for freedom', there were found two sub-themes which include 'Caution for attachment', 'Caution for entanglement'. In all, there are sixteen sub-themes to consider. On the basis of these results, we presented some conclusions on the experiences of original family and social relationships in single women. We also presented some implications of these results on population education and future research.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.22 no.3 s.27
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• pp.389-397
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• 1989

To identify the problems in child rearing practice of employed mothers in urban poor area, all of 201 women with children under 6 years old living in Yun San 3 Dong, a poor area of Pusan city, were interviewed with a questionnaire by a trained interviewer from 10th April to 10th May 1989. Among 201 women, 51 women were employed and 150 women were unemployed. Of the employed mothers 78.5% got their jobs because of economical need and 31.4% of them worker for 60-69 hours per week. Their average monthly income was 100,000-190,000 Won in 33.4% and 200,000-290,000 Won in 25.4% Breast milk was fed in 66.0% of the children of unemployed mothers while 49.0 of the children of the employed mothers were breast-fed (p<0.05). The most common reason for not breast feeding was shortage of breast milk among unemployed mothers (58.9%) but that of the employed mothers was their job(63.6%). The basic immunization for children was completed in 70.5% of children of employed mothers as compared with 82.0% of the children of the unemployed mothers were completely immunized (p>0.1). Accident experience rate of children among the employed mothers was 23.5 a and that of the children of the unemployed mothers was 17.3% . The most common cause of acident in children of the unemployed mothers was carelessness while they were playing(34.6%) but in children of the employed mothers it was traffic accident(25.0%) and falling(25.0%). Most of the traffic accidents took place while the children's brother or sister of age under 14 years were baby sitting. When the accident took place 73.1% of the unemployed mothers were just at home, but 58.3% of the employed mothers were out of home for work. In case of the employed mothers, 58.7% of their children were looked after by an adult mainly grandparents, 15.7% by the children's brothers and sisters under 14 years old, and 3.9% of the children were left alone. A majority of the unemployed mothers wanted to get a job if someone could take care of their children. To facilitate the women employment and for the safety and health of the children, good nurseries for working mothers need to be established at a cost they can afford.