• 대한수의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.307-316
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• 1987

This study was conducted to identify Babesia sp. strain isolated from the imported beef cattle, Aberdeen-angus heifers, in J farm of Jangsu Prefecture, Cheon-buk Province of Korea, morphologically, etiologically and serologically. Babesia sp. strain was purely isolated through the serial blood passages of three generations against splenectomized calves and one generation of blood passage against non-splenectomized calf(intact calf) by inhibiting the appearance of Theileria sergenti in the blood stream by means of injection of 20% oil pamaquine intramuscularly. In the splenectomized calves, the parasite multiplied markedly in blood stream soon after inoculation and parasitaemia was much severe. An elevated body temperature, anorexia, severe anaemia and icterus were observed clinically. Of three splenectomized calves, two were affected with haemoglobinuria and died. But in the non-splenectomized calf the clinical signs and parasitaemia were very mild. The means of the incubation period, the highest parasitaemia, the highest body temperature and the lowest PCV were 3.5 days, 41.1%, ${42^{\circ}C}$ and 9%, respectively, in the splenectomized calves. In calf erythrocytes Babesia sp. protozoa were polymorphic showing the round, oval, ameboid, piriform and paired piriform etc. The sizes of protozoa were $2.51{\sim}3.91{\times}1.32{\sim}2.19{{\mu}m}$ ($3.20{\times}1.60{\mu}m$). Serologically the isolated Babesia sp. were compared with other parasites, B. ovata, B. bigemina, B. bovis, T. sergenti, A. marginale and A. centrale by using the complement fixation(CF) test. As a result, the antibody titer between the homologous species were high. It was two tubes or more in the CF test. From the results obtained above the pure isolated Babesia species was identical with Babesia ovata Minami and Ishihara, 1980.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.437-440
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• 2011

Babesia spp. were detected from 4 asymptomatic pukus captured on a game ranch in central Zambia in October 2008. Blood smears were examined in 4 species of aymptomatic free-ranging antelopes, namely the puku (Kobus vordanii), reedbuck (Redunca arundinum), bushbuck (Tragelaphus sylvaticus), and kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), and showed the presence of Babesia parasites only in the puku. In the puku, the prevalence of babesiosis was estimated at 33.3% (n=12), while the overall prevalence in all examined animals was 8.5% (n=47). The parasites showed morphological characteristics of paired ring-like stages with the length varying between $1.61{\mu}m$ and $3.02{\mu}m$ ($mean=2.12{\mu}m$, n=27; $SD=0.76{\mu}m$). Both the infected and non-infected pukus showed good body condition scores (BCS), while the dominant tick species detected from all animals were Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus spp., and Boophilus spp. To our knowledge this is the first report of Babesia spp. infection in pukus in Zambia. These findings suggest that wildlife could play an important role in the epidemiology of babesiosis in Zambia.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2018

Some small mammals occur as household pests and harbour a number of parasites that could be of public health importance. This study profiled the helminth and protozoan parasites in trapped small mammals within and around human dwelling places (houses) located across 4 major towns (Auchi, Benin, Ekpoma, and Uromi) and environs in Edo state, Nigeria. Six genera (Apodemus sp., Crocidura sp., Mastomys natalensis, Mus musculus, Rattus sp., and Sorex sp.) were identified from 502 trapped small mammals. Overall, M. musculus (71.9%) and Rattus rattus (20.1%) were the most frequently trapped. In total, on examination of blood, gastrointestinal contents, and brain tissues, 12 helminth taxa (Angiostrongylus sp., Aspicularis sp., Capillaria sp., Gongylonema sp., Heterakis spumosa, Hymenolepis diminuta, Hymenolepis nana, Mastophorus muris, Moniliformis moniliformis, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Strongyloides sp., Trichosomoides sp., and Trichuris sp.), and 6 protozoan parasites (Babesia sp., Trypanosoma lewisi, Plasmodium sp., Eimeria sp., Isospora sp., and Toxoplasma gondii) were isolated. Most prevalent helminths with relatively heavy mean intensity were Strongyloides sp. and Heterakis spumosa, while Plasmodium, Eimeria, and Isospora were the most prevalent protozoan parasites. Generally, intrinsic factors like sex and age had marginal influence on the rate and burden of infection in M. musculus and R. rattus. Although the infection rate and prevalence of zoonotic parasites were low, they were largely recovered in rodents from Ekpoma. This study elucidates the public health implication of the presence of zoonotic parasites in these small mammals.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.173-177
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• 1976

The authors encountered a case of Babesiasis in Korean native cative cattle at Gyeongbug prefecture. After the clinicohematological observation the patient was treated a single dose of ganaseg and the following results were obtained. 1. Initial symptoms observed were high fever, anorexia, depression and cessation of rumination and these were followed by marked hemoglobinuria and mild degree of icterus. 2. The erythrocyte count decreased to $3.6{\times}10^6/mm^3$ and the infected erythrocyte rates were 9.7 percent with Babesia sp. and 0.2 percent with Theileria sp. 3. Marked increase in band neutrophil was observed. 4. The morphology of the protozoa in erythrocytes was different from that of so-called large-type Piroplasma: various forms including paired pear-shaped, single round, oval and pear-orspindle-shaped were detected, of which the former two forms were dominant. 5. A single dose of ganaseg administered intramuscularly was highly effective for the treatment of Babesiasis.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.321-330
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• 1987

In the endemic area of bovine piroplasmosis in Chonbuk Province, total of 486 heads of Holstein cow selected from 14 farms randomly were examined the infection status of piroplasma and their blood values. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The etiological agent was only Theileria sergenti and none of the Babesia sp. infection. 2. All of the 486 heads of examined cow were infected with Theileria sergenti (100%). 3. In the initial examination of 11 farms in early summer, the means of blood values were as follows; RBC:$526{\pm}84(10^4/mm^3$), Ht:$27.9{\pm}2.8%$, SP:$7.5{\pm}0.6g/dl$, WBC: $11586{\pm}354/mm^3$, and Fibrinogen: $578.5{\pm}164.1mg/dl$. 4. In the second examinations in slimmer season, the blood values of examined cows had little varieties. But in the winter season, cows housed in the barn, the blood values were greatly increased; RBC: $601{\pm}77(10^4/mm^3)$, (F-value: 37.186**), Ht: $30.5{\pm}1.3%$(F-value: 15.626**) Hb: $12.2{\pm}1.3g/dl$(F-value: 5.899**), SP: $7.4{\pm}0.6g/dl$(F-value: 5.05**). 5. To determine the piroplasma infection in the many herds of cow, the measurement of Ht, Hb, and SP values etc. were more effective and helpful to find the weak cow because the examined process are not only to be easily carry out many samples but also to be done very simple and rapidly. 6. The indications of therapeutic standard values were stablished as follows; the less than 20% in the Ht value, below the 10g/dl in the Hb value, and less than 6g/dl in SP value. When the one among the therapeutic standard values, Ht, Hb, and SP was below the therapeutic standard value, the cow was treated with nutriments. When more than two among them were below the therapeutic standard, the cow was treated with Berenil, at once. In this way, there was no one head which represented clinical signs of piroplasmosis among 486 heads of cow at 14 farms during the year of 1986. 7. In a Korean native cattle infected with Thieleria sergenti seriously, the recovery of blood values was very prolonged by the treatment of Berenil only. But by the transfusion of 300ml blood collected from normal cow, the blood values were recovered rapidly.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.179-197
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• 1980

A survey was made from March 1978 through Feb. 1979 to know infection rate of parasites and incidence of diseases in 1968 cattle of 240 rearing and fattening cattle herds (1746 Korean native cattle, 186 Holstein, 34 Charolais and 2 Hereford) raising in 28 cities and counties of Gyeongbug district. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The rate of nematoda infection was about 49.0% in the examined cattle. These nematodes were identified as Mecistocirrus sp., Oesophagostomum sp., Bunostomum sp., Trichostrongylus spp., Strongyloides sp. and other 3 species. Infection rate of nematoda in fattening and breeding cattle was higher than that in rearing calves, 44.3% of the positive cattle were infected with 2 to 5 species, and incidence of mixed infection was high in fattening cattle. 2. The rate of coccidal infection was 10.9%. Eimeria $z{\ddot{u}}rni$, Eimeria bovis and Eimeria bukidnonensis were mainly found in the examined cattle. The infection rates of cocidia in Holstein, breeding Korean cows, rearing Korean calves and fattening Korean cattle were 27.3%, 15.8%, 11.2% and 9.1%, respectively. 3. The rate of trematoda was 14.6% with Fasciola spp. (11.2%), Eurytrema spp. (2.0%), and Paramphistomum spp. infections (1.4%). Breeding Korean cows, fattening Korean cattle, Holstein and rearing Korean calves indicated 47.4%, 26.4%, 18.2% and 6.3% incidence of trematoda infections, respectively. of trematoda positive cattle, 76.6% were infected with Fasciola spp., 4. The rate of Theileria and Babesia infection was 62.7% in the examined cattle. Of these positive cattle 5.4% were infected with both parasites, 57.3% with Theileria, and 1.3% of rearing Korean calves and 22.6% of Holstein were found to have parasitized erythrocytes over 1.0%. 5. The incidence of diseases in 1968 cattle of 240 herds was 564 cattle (28.7%) of 154 herds (64.2%). of the diseases observed of skin occurred in 354 cattle (18.0%) of 61 herds (25.4%), diseases of respiratory system in 121 cattle (6.1%) of 34 herds (14.2%), diseases of digestive system in 38 cattle (1.9%) of 22 herds (9.2%), diseases of eye in 21 cattle (1.1%) of 13 herds (5.4%), diseases of urogenital system in 8 cattle (0.4%) of 8 herds (3.3%) and the other diseases in 24 cattle (1.2%) of 22 herds (9.2%). 6. Diseases of skin in 1968 cattle of 240 herds werds were observed in the highest incidence. Ringworm was observed in 13.3% of the examined herds, rearing Korean calves and Holstein showed high incidence. Scabies caused by Chorioptes bovis and alopecia localis along with infestation of lice (Damalinia bovis, Linognathus vituli) were observed in fattening Korean cattlein winter. 7. Diseases of respiratory system occurred frequently in rearing Korean cattle and Holstein. In the diseases of digestive system acute indigestion occurred in fattening Korean cittle, enteritis in rearing Korean calves and Holstein, and coccidiosis in rearing Korean calves maninly. 8. Infectious keratoconjunctivitis occurred in a fattening Korean cattle herd, sterility (2.0%) in breeding Korean cows, and theileriosis in Holstein calves were also occurred. In addition, poisoning and heat stroke were observed in several cattle.