• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.997-1003
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• 2008

Viral safety is a prerequisite for manufacturing clinical antihemophilic factor VIII concentrates from human plasma. With particular regard to the hepatitis A virus (HAV), a terminal dry-heat treatment ($100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min) process, following lyophilization, was developed to improve the virus safety of a solvent/detergent-treated antihemophilic factor VIII concentrate. The loss of factor VIII activity during dry-heat treatment was of about 5%. No substantial changes were observed in the physical and biochemical characteristics of the dry-heat-treated factor VIII compared with those of the factor VIII before dry-heat treatment. The dry-heat-treated factor VIII was stable for up to 24 months at $4^{\circ}C$. The dry-heat treatment after lyophilization was an effective process for inactivating viruses. The HAV, murine encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were completely inactivated to below detectable levels within 10 min of the dry-heat treatment. Bovine herpes virus (BHV) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) were potentially sensitive to the treatment. However porcine parvovirus (PPV) was slightly resistant to the treatment. The log reduction factors achieved during lyophilization and dry-heat treatment were ${\geq}5.55$ for HAV, ${\geq}5.87$ for EMCV, ${\geq}5.15$ for HIV, 6.13 for BHV, 4.46 for BVDV, and 1.90 for PPV. These results indicate that dry-heat treatment improves the virus safety of factor VIII concentrates, without destroying the activity. Moreover, the treatment represents an effective measure for the inactivation of non-lipid-enveloped viruses, in particular HAV, which is resistant to solvent/detergent treatment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.34-34
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• 2003

Classical swine fever (CSF) is a contagious disease of swine with serious economic losses in pig industry [1]. The disease is caused by CSFV which belongs to the viruses of bovine viral diarrhea (BVDV) and border disease virus (BDV) make up the Pestivirus genus within the family Flaviviridae [2]. Attenuated Korean LOM strains were used in Korea. For these reasons a practical approach for discrimination between vaccine and field strains is needed. Here, we described the deveopment of real-time RT-PCR to discriminate between vaccine strains and Korean field viruses of CSFV. (omitted)

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.287-295
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• 1995

Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing were undertaken for the RNA genome of gp53 antigenic region in cytopathic Singer strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus. The cloned cDNA was 939 nucleotides in length having a base composition of 31.0% A, 19.6% C, 25.5% G and 24.0% T. The sequence was corresponded to approximately 77.8%(817 bases) of predicted gp53 region and 122 bases after 3'end of gp53 region in the Singer strain when compared with NADL strain of known sequence. A single open reading frame was found in the sequence of 2nd frame and was deduced as encoding 312 amino acids.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.223-229
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• 2013

Because colostrum is considered to be the sole source of passively acquired maternal antibodies for calves, newborn calves must consume colostrum to gain disease resistance during their early years of life. Storage of surplus colostrum from dairy cows right after calving and feeding newborn calves in deficiency of colostrum to assure adequate uptake of IgG for protection of the calf has been a common practice in the bovine production. In the current study, 35 colostrums were randomly collected from 3 colostrum banks located in different regions of Korea and monitored for general bacterial contamination and major bovine pathogens. Immunoglobulin concentrations and BVDV-specific antibodies were also determined to evaluate the immune quality of the colostrums. Moderate to severe bacterial contamination (up to 72,000,000 CFU/ml) was observed in most of the colostrums collected from colostrum banks. General immune quality of the colostrums was under the satisfactory level since most of the colostrums contained less than 50 g/L of IgG, which is the minimum concentration for good quality colostrums. Therefore, colostrum for colostrum bank should be collected at the first 2-3 post-partum milkings according to proper harvesting and handling procedures to guarantee the safety and quality of colostrum. In addition, it was recommended that colostrum should be heat-treated before frozen and stored in the bank because pasteurization at $63^{\circ}C$ for 30 min was very effective reducing the risk of disease transmission without causing significant degradation of immunoglobulins.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.171-176
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the breeding status of farms to improve the production efficiency of Hanwoo calf. The study was conducted on 45 farms divided into two groups. This study was conducted to investigate the breeding size and breeding area of Hanwoo cows. The average age at first delivery of Hanwoo was 28.7 months. The number of artificial insemination per pregnancy was $1.45{\pm}0.32$, and the number of artificial insemination days after birth was 119.8 days. Conception rates were $75.2{\pm}16.93%$ for small farms and $70.6{\pm}17.46%$ for medium sized farms and $71.4{\pm}11.03%$ for large farms. When we looked at farming methods, 'the farmers using estrus observation aids' had 10.42% higher calf production rate than the 'unused farmers'. The farms vaccinated with IBR and BVDV for breeding cattle showed a 4.41% decrease in abortion, stillbirth and mortality. According to farming conditions, conception rate and delivery rate improved by 3.47% and 18.29%, respectively, when grazing and exercising were performed. Observation, immunization and grazing were found to be important indicators for improving calf production efficiency in Hanwoo farm. This study can be used as a research data to improve the reproductive rate of farmhouse sites through the survey on the breeding status of Hanwoo farmers.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 2011

This study was to determine the microbiological safety and tensile strength of gammairradiated porcine tendon for the development of safe xenografts. Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis were used as model pathogens and inoculated as $10^6{\sim}10^7log$ colonies forming unit $(CFU)g^{-1}$. As model virus from porcine, porcine parvovirus (PPV), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) and poliovirus were inoculated as $10^5{\sim}10^6$ tissue culture infectious dose $(TCID)_{50}g^{-1}$ into porcine skin. The $D_{10}$ value of E. coli and B. subtilis was measured as $0.32{\pm}0.082kGy$ and $4.0{\pm}0.312kGy$, respectively. Additionally, the $D_{10}$ values of PPV, BVDV and poliovirus were also shown as $1.75{\pm}0.131kGy$, $3.70{\pm}0.212kGy$ and $6.26{\pm}0.332kGy$, respectively. Gamma irradiation decreased the tensile strength of porcine tendon. Results indicate that microbiological safety of porcine tendon can be improved significantly by gamma irradiation. However, further studies are needed to improve the tensile strength of gamma-irradiated porcine tendon.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.395-403
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• 1996

Monoclonal antibodies(MAbs) against field isolates of the bovine rotavirus A strain(G6), V strain(G10) and reference I-801 strain(G8) were produced and characterized. Six MAbs(4C2, 4D9, 5E1, 5E7, 5D5, 3E4) against A strain had neutralizing activity and reacted only with the G6 bovine rotaviruses determined by fluorescence focus neutralization (FFN) test. Otherwise, five neutralizing MAbs(1G2, 2G6, 5E2, 5E12, 5H7) against I-801 strain neutralized the G6 and G8 bovine rotaviruses. Five non-neutralizing MAbs(5F12, 7F12, 5E11, 2A11, 2B12) were VP6-specific and cross-reacted with all bovine and porcine rotaviruses examined by fluorescence antibody(FA) test. None of the MAbs reacted with bovie viral diarrhea virus(BVDV) and bovine coronavirus(BCV) determined by FA and FFN test.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.265-276
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• 1986

The bovine serum factor influencing the growth of swine testicle (ST) cell and the END effect of hog cholera SN test was studied. Throughout the experimental studies. following results were obtained and summarized. 1. Bovine whole serum of 16(76.2%) and 4(19.0%) samples out of 21 have shown a positive ST cell growth and the END effect, respectively. However, all of 21(100%) and 8(38.1%) samples out of 21 serum supernatant fractions, prepared from the bovine whole serum, have shown positive ST cell growth and END effect, respectively. 2. In the SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of the bovine whole serum and the supernatant fractions, ST cell growth inhibiting factor was proved present in globulin fraction and in whole gel plate as a diffusible component. 3. The END ineffective component present in the whole serum and its supernatant fraction was proved to be BVDV neutralizing antibody. 4. The difference of osmolarity, optical density, pH, degree of precipitant formation following heat cold treatment, A/G ratio as we11 as electrophoretic pattern and NDV SN index of the samples were not correlated to the degree of 57 cell growth and to the END effectiveness.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2022

A 5-month-old Holstein downer calf was presented, and bovine viral diarrhea virus was detected in the feces and the cerebrospinal fluid. Combined treatment of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rBST) administration and standing rehabilitation had been performed for two months, and the calf could maintain the standing position for a while. However, the symptoms were not improved, and the calf died due to ruminal tympany and aspiration pneumonia. Megaesophagus, abomasal ulcer, and a normal-sized but softened cerebellum were observed in clinical necropsy. Improvement of symptoms was confirmed by rBST, but was not reached the complete recovery of gait and standing position.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.451-459
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• 2011

The current study was conducted to determine the effects of herbal supplement on growth performances and diarrhea in Hanwoo calves. Total 24 Hanwoo calves (3 treatments: 8 calves per treatment) were randomly assigned to either Control (no treatment), Treatment 1 (0.3% herb supplement), or Treatment 2 (0.5% herb supplement) diets for 150 days. Total body weight gain and total feed intake per head in Treatment 1 was 142.8 kg and 545.9 kg, respectively, and it was higher (p<0.05) compared to other groups. The blood total cholesterol range was 86.43~97.00 mg/dl, triglycerides 13.26~13.86 mg/dl, GOT 76.97~79.60 mg/dl, GPT 19.54~20.97 mg/dl, WBC 8.75~9.95 k/${\mu}{\ell}$, RBC 10.14~11.91 M/${\mu}{\ell}$, and hemoglobin 10.74~11.20 g/$d{\ell}$, respectively, with no significant (p>0.05) differences among treatments. The blood immunoglobulin G levels were 5.74~6.05 mg/ml which tended to decrease as experimental period extended. Total number of pathogens in feces showed peaks at 1~2 months after the initiation of experiment, and tended to decrease thereafter. Total number of Eimeria spp., E. coli and BVDV in feces showed no significant differences but control group showed higher counts than both treatment groups. During overall period, the incidence of pathogenic diarrhea in calves of 2 treatment groups was much lower than control group calves (C: 24, vs T1: 9, T2: 13 heads), however, it was not significant (p>0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of herbs in Hanwoo calf diets might be beneficial to improve growth performances and prevent diarrhea.