• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.108-115
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• 1990

This paper describes the design and fabrication of a processing element that will be used as a component in the construction of a two dimensional systolic for FFT. The chip performs data shuffling and radix-2 decimation-in-time (DIT) butterfly arithmetic. It consists of a data routing unit, internal control logic and HBA unit which computes butterfly arithmetic. The 6.5K transistors processing element designed with standard cells has been fabricated with a 2u'm double metal CMOS process, and evaluated by wafer probing measurements. The measured characteristics show that a HBA can be computed in 0.5 usec with a 20MHz clok, and it is estimated that the FFT of length 1024 can be transformed in 11.2 usec.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2004

To examine the species composition and population fluctuation of butterflies at Mt. Yudal, Mokpo, we collected butterflies from May, 2001 to April, 2002 by dividing the study site into four subyegions. As a result, seven families comprising 40 species were identified. The patterns of population fluctuations at the four subregions showed that the lower the elevation the higher the number of species and individuals. Monthly fluctuations of buttefly species produced an M-shaped curve, whereas those of individuals produced a monotonic curve with a maximum peak during August. To see effectively the changes of numbers of species and individuals, we calculated the indices of species richness and evenness by subregions and months. As a result, both indices fulfilled the primary criterion of independence and showed more or less negative association: when heterogeneity is higher, evenness is lower. Examination of butterfly populations over long-term periods might provide an evidence of global warming and a guideline to conserve and manage habitats.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.355-375
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• 2007

This study explores the geographic characteristics of ecotour resources in Oceania based on the concept of ecotourism along with global education and investigates the global educational applications of eco-resources through a field survey of the Australian Cairns region. The field survey areas are the Green Island within the Great Barrier Reef, Barron Gorge National Park, the Australian Butterfly Sanctuary in Cairns, and the Tjabukai Aboriginal Cultural Park. This case study of the Cairns region is applicable to global education in these aspects: The underwater Observatory and Glass bottom boat in Green Island is used in efficient exploration of ocean ecology; Barron Gorge National Park provides an excellent forest tour with a well-made track, detailed directory, and trained park rangers; the old industrial trains are being recycled for tourism uses; the Australian Butterfly Sanctuary provides various language interpretations and experts to help further visitor's understanding of the surrounding eco-resources; The Aboriginal Cultural Park also utilizes a special program that helps people understand their culture.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.71-85
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• 1985

The ultrastructure on the dorsal vessel of 5-day-old cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae L., was carried out using the transmission and scanning electron microscope. The results are as follows. 1) The aorta. The aorta is simple tubular type and consists of the inner and outer membrane of the myocardium and thick myocardium is located between them. However the inner membrane with $0.26{\mu}m$ thickness and outer membrane with $0.08{\mu}m$ are composed of fibrous materials, the former is composed of low and high densed fibrous materials and the latter appears homogeneous layer. The myocardium consists of typical striated muscles. The sarcomere with $1.6{\mu}m$ length and in cross section, each thick filaments are surrounded by $7{\sim}8$ thin filaments. The intercalated disc is joining the end of the two muscle cells, desmosomes and septate junctions are appeared between the neighboring muscle cells. 2) The heart. The heart composing of myocardium enclosed by its inner and outer membrane as the aorta has a series of well formed segmental chamber. The arrangement of myofilaments, cell adhensions and membrane elements are observed as same as at the aorta. The inner membrane of the heart is deeply invaginated into the myocardium than the outer membrane and a lot of well developed mitochondria with rod shape are aggregated in the folds. The longitudinally and transversely oriented tubule system formed by invagnation of the sarcolemma into the muscle bundle is built up dyad with the sarcoplasmic reticulum as the aorta. The slit is formed by deeply invagination of the inner membrane of myocadium toward the muscle layer and then the inner and outer membrane of myocardium are fused. Therefore, the ostium is formed between the myocardium and situated at the lateral side of the myocardium.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.194-197
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• 2020

Anterior neck burns represent a major reconstructive challenge due to severe sequalae including restriction in movement and poor aesthetic outcomes. Common treatment options include skin grafting with/without dermal matrices, and loco-regional and distant free flap transfers with/without prior tissue expansion. Such variation in technique is largely influenced by the extent of burn injury requiring resurfacing. In order to optimize like-for-like reconstruction of the anterior neck, use of wide, thin and long flaps such as the anterolateral thigh (ALT) perforator flap have been reported with promising results. Of note, some patients have a tendency towards severe scar contractures, which may be contributed by the greater extent of inflammation during wound healing. We report our experience at 4 years' followup after secondary reconstruction of severe, anterior neck burn contractures in two patients by harvesting the ALT flap with a butterfly design. This technique provides adequate wound resurfacing of the burned neck and surrounding areas, and provides good neck extensibility by addressing both anterior and lateral aspects of the scar defect simultaneously. Such a flap design reduces tension on wound edges and thus, the risk of contracture recurrence in what remains a particularly challenging type of burn reconstruction.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.144-150
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• 1990

This paper describes radix-4 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Processor designed with the new twice perfect shuffle developed from a perfect shuffle used in radix-2 FFT algorithm. The FFT Processor consists of a butterfly arithmetic circuit, address generators for input, output and coefficient, input and output registers and controller. Also, it requires the external ROM for storage of coefficient and RAM for input and output. The butterfly circuit includes 12 bit-serial ($16{\times}8$) multipliers, adders, subtractors and delay shift registers. Operating on 25 MHz two phase clock, this processor can compute 256 point FFT in 6168 clocks, i.e. 247 us and provides flexibility by allowing the user to select any size among 4,16,64,and256points. Being fabricated with 2-um double metal CMOS process, it includes about 28000 transistors and 55 pads in $8.0{\times}8.2mm^2$area.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.348-355
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• 1995

This Investigation was carried out to map the morphological development of serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the larval brain of the cabbage butterfly, Artogeia rapae, during five larval stages. Both the first instar larva and the second instar larva contained twenty serotonin-immunoreactive (5-HTi) neurons in each brain. The fibres of 5-HTI commissure was interconnected to two cerebral hemispheres in both brains. However, the 5-HTi commissural fibres was Increased in number in the second-instar larva brain. In the brain of the second Insar larva these 5-HTi fibres formed rich arborization in contralateral neuropils, especially In the posterior parts of it. The third-Instar larva braIn, which Included twenty two 5-HTi neurons, had three groups of 5-HTi commissural fibres. In the fourth Instar larva, the number of 5-HTi fibres as well as 5-HTi cell bodies increased in the brain. The fifth-instar larva brain, which contained fifty four 5-HTi cell bodies, showed the largest number of 5-HTi cell bodies In developing larval brains. The 5-HTi fibres formed richest commissural fibres and some of them run parallel to anteroposterior axis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.63 no.5
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• pp.458-461
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• 2007

The typical radiographic findings of pulmonary edema from the increased hydrostatic pressure shows centrally localized consolidation, which is known as a "butterfly or bat's wing" pattern. These terms describe the anatomic distribution of edema that uniformly involve the hilum and medulla of the lung but not the peripheral region of the lung parenchyma (cortex). We present a case of butterfly wing-like pulmonary edema on a chest radiograph by mitral regurgitation due to an idiopathic chordal rupture.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.289-297
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• 2010

The loss of natural habitats and their fragmentation caused by human activities pose a great threat to biodiversity worldwide, reducing animal population to small, fragmented patches of natural habitat. In this paper, a metapopulation dynamics of Sericinus montela koreanus, a species of butterfly, was studied for two years by mark-release-recapture (MRR) techiques in the Musimcheon, Cheongju Korea. 2,749 individuals (males: 2,295, females: 454) were marked and released, with 343 individuals (12.5%) recaptured during the MRR experiment. Capture sex ratio and recapture sex ratios was both consistently male-biased. The Jolly-Seber model was used to estimate daily metapopulation size, survival rates, addition rate, and accidental deaths. We urge conservation biologists to consider the local population dynamics of species for the management of metapopulations in fragmented landscapes. In the case of the S. montela koreanus, continuing site protection is essential.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 1973

The flight muscles in Pieris rapae have been examined to study ultrastructural changes in mitochondria with aging. All the mitochondira of flight muscle from the butterfly are recognized as type A which has the simple folded cristae and light matrix, and type B which possesses the complex multicristae and dense matrix. In just newly emerged butterflies both A and B type mitochondria are almost equally present. About ten days after emergence the type A mitochondria rapidly decrease, compared with the type B. In ten-day-old butterflies the type B mitochondria vary in ultrastructure with age. Ultrastructural changes of these aged mitochondria are supposed to occur, in part, by reorganization of inner membranes into myelin-like structures which represent the phase of degeneration of the B type with age. Age-dependent increase in size and number of concentric rings in myelin-like whorl are also found. Glycogen particles penetrated from the cytoplasmic matrix of the muscle cell into the mitochondrial matrix to be in the center of their concentric rings.