• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.24 no.5 s.91
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• pp.67-74
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• 2006

This paper proposes a way to a risk quantification of public sector comparator in the value-for-money test of the BTL (Build-Transfer-Lease) scheme in rail investment projects. Two principal risks that are project delay and budget increasing costs are identified and are empirically quantified with a case study of the Haman-Jinju link. The methodology suggested is expected to be a good reference for the similar research afterwards and also to help in settling down the scheme that is only an early stage.

• International Journal of Railway
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.64-69
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• 2011

Paris has one of the world's oldest metropolitan railway systems and was also a pioneer when it introduced the RER in the 70s. With planning objectives comparable to the GTX, the RER aimed at serving outer suburbs while fully crossing the city center at higher speeds than the Metro. Maybe more relevant is the comparison between the planned Grand Paris Express and GTX projects, in terms of their planning ambitions and their development framework. This article will introduce the main planning ideas behind the Metro and the RER in Paris, and try to draw relevant comparisons with the GTX plan. It will also present the plans and financing framework for the Grand Paris Express and compare it with the BTO scheme contemplated for GTX, and draw some recommendations for successful implementation.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.117-138
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• 2020

Few studies have specifically focused on the uncertainty of demand forecasting despite the fact that uncertainty is the one of greatest risks for governments and private partners in PPP projects. This study presents a methodology for finding robust contract conditions considering uncertainty in travel demand forecasting in a PPP project. Through a case study of an urban railway PPP project in Korea, this study uncovered the risk of excessive government payments to private partners due to the uncertainty in contracted forecast ridership levels. The results allow the suggestion that robust contract conditions could reduce the expected total level of government payments and lower user fees while maintaining profitability of the project. This study offers a framework that assists contract negotiators and gives them more information regarding financial risks and vulnerabilities and helps them to quantify the likelihood of these vulnerabilities coming into play during PPP projects.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.243-263
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• 2004

Recently, International electronic commerce has been rapidly increasing. Over the past decade, e-commerce on the business foundation of the Internet compound has entered extensive areas of international trade and social activity. This paper focuses on the system establishment of customs duties of import goods in Global e-Commerce. Today, USA, EU and some major countries, International Organization insisted to Tariff-free woe in customs duty. This study also will discuss the effect of imposition of import duties. In order to impose customs duties, it needs to establish a system scheme, especially, because international payment of BtoC Commerce occur by the Credit Card. This study deals with Customs duties of import goods in Global e-Commerce.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.589-592
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• 2001

최근 인터넷이 발전함에 따라 XML 을 이용한 기업간문서교류(Business-To-Business)에 관한 많은 연구 개발이 이뤄지고 있다. DTD(Document Type Definition)는 인터넷 문서 포맷을 지정하는 W3C 같은 곳에서 지정된 XML, XSL, SVG, SMIL 과 같은 문서들에 대한 Scheme를 정의하는 문서로 Markup 언어의 Element 와 Attribute 등을 정의한다. 본 논문에서는 이동 에이전트 기술을 이용하여 BtoB에 적합한 DTD 공유 기법을 제시한다. 이를 위해, 분산되어져 있는 DTD 서버간의 효율적인 연결 기법을 제시하고, DTD에 대한 검색 및 동기화에 대한 기법을 제시하고자 한다.