• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.655-662
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• 2009

In order to obtain knowledge on the design and operation of practical?scale Cylinder-Shaped Filters, pilot experiments were conducted to observe the effects of stepwise augmentation of production rate on water quality and clogging. A production rate increase from 0.8 L/min to 2.4 L/min did not appear to affect the removal efficiencies of BOD(Biochemical Oxygen Demand), SS(Suspended Solids), and turbidity, as the values were maintained around 80%, over 95%, and over 90% respectively;however, COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand) removal decreased from 44% to 29%. In addition, results indicated an inverse relationship between production rate and detention time required to remove unit contaminant concentration, the observed detention time in the filter to remove 1 mg-COD/L being 83 minutes for the production rate of 0.8 L/min and 45 minutes for the production rate of 2.4 L/min, suggesting that a relatively higher production rate is likely to be more advantageous in the purification of reservoir water when compared to a lower production rate. Clogging was observed to originate from the surface and advance to the center of the filter, and although clogging seemed to increase as the production rate increased, this did not cause any difficulties in normal functioning of the filter for more than 2 years of operation, suggesting that this filter system can be used effectively in the purification of reservoir water.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.317-323
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• 2006

This study focused on the availability of wastewater reclamation and reusing system as one of the alternatives against the global water shortage in near future, which system is composed of two treatment steps; first, wastewater is injected into upflow $A^2O$ biofilm process(anaerobic/anoxic/oxic) reactor filled with polyethylene fixed-media, and the effluent of 1st steps continuously passed through downflow nano silver sand filter. The pH of the effluent ranged from 7.39 to 8.06(average 7.84), the $COD_{Mn}$ was $8{\sim}18mg/L$(average 12.1 mg/L), and $BOD_5$ was $2.1{\sim}10.0mg/L$(average 4.9 mg/L), that met all the wastewater reclamation and reusing system criteria. Besides, the SS concentrations of the effluent which was $3{\sim}9mg/L$(average 4.95 mg/L) met the criteria(5 mg/L), showing 94.8% of average removal efficiency. The 99.1% of the average removal efficiency of the E-coliform did not met the criteria(Not detected), which indicates the needs for the following chlorine disinfection treatment with the residual chlorine concentration of above 0.2 mg/L. There are no bacteria on the sand surface coated by nano silver. The removal efficiency of T-N and T-P that could be included into the criteria in the future was 50.3% and 27.2% respectively.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.572-577
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• 2001

본 연구는 종합염색폐수처리장으로 유입되는 염색폐수를 원활히 처리할 수 있는 반응기를 찾아내고자 각 반응기의 성능 및 제거효율, 안전성등을 조사하였다. 선행된 연구에서 종합염색폐수를 1차 생물학적 처리를 위하여 활성슬러지 생물반응기를 통하여 처리한 것보다 활성탄 담체를 이용한 Jet loop reactor(JLRAS)를 개발하여 처리한 것이 더욱 제거효율을 향상시켰다. 본 연구에서는 활성탄 담체를 이용한 Jet loop reactor를 이용함으로써 F/M ratio 가 크게 증가하여 2.3일 때 feed의 증가량에 따른 JLRAS 에서 보다 높은 비기질제거율을 보여주고 있으며 $COD_{Mn}/BOD ratio를 조사하여 유출수에 난분해성 물질이 많이 제거되어지고 $COD_{Mn} loading rate, 즉 부하변동에 따라서도 안정한 수질을 얻을 수 있는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.299-302
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• 2007

본 연구는 하 ${\cdot}$ 폐수 중의 유기물뿐만 아니라 질소, 인을 생물학적으로 제거하는 실험을 수행하였다. 공정 내 미생물의 유실을 방지하고 미생물이 고농도 상태로 유지 가능한 부착성장의 한 공법인 RBC에 끈상 나선형 미생물 접촉재를 설치한 반웅기를 이용하였다. 원수는 Glucose 1,800 mg/L, $NH_{4}Cl$ 500 mg/L, $KH_{2}PO_{4}$ 5mg/L를 혼합한 인공폐수를 제조하여 공정에 주입하였고, 그 결과 각각 미생물이 폐수에 적응하는 단계인 Period 1에서는 각 수질 분석 항목의 농도가 점차적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 정상상태라고 판단한 Period 2에서는 최종적으로 유입수에 대한 유출수의 제거율은 각각 $TCOD_{Cr}$ 94%, BOD 87%, T-N 85%, T-P 89%의 결과를 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2003

This study was carried out to develop INSUB(Indirected Aerated Submerged Biofilter) which can remove organics, nitrogen and phosphorus with an advanced treatment system. The results were as followed in laboratory model experiment. As for treatment of sewage, when economical efficiency was considered in practice, the highest removal efficiency was at 18hr of HRT, 1.017m/hr of superficial velocity and 40% of media packing ratio. Each removal efficiency for $COD_{cr}$, $COD_{Mn}$, $BOD_5$, T-N, and T-P was 90.6, 85.3, 95.0, 52.3 and 56.8%. To remove the nitrogen and phosphorus With high efficiency, first of all, denitrification have to be completed, then uptake of phosphorus have to completed. Therefor, mixture of anoxic and aerobic reactor was necessary for the high removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in INSUB.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1354-1360
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analyze the behavior of swine slurry wastewater from bogen, in the treatment of Aerobic Liquid-Composting treatment by Aerobic Liquid-Composting using a mixer and Micro Air Diffusion pH level was at the beginning and its rise was seemingly related to VFA. It appears that removal of BOD and COD are more effective by Aerobic than by Anaerobic. In terms of removal efficiency, it shows 70.9% of BOD and 39% of COD in M.A+Mix and 67.8% of BOD and 19% of COD in M.A. $NH_3-N$ decreases in all conditions, which is caused by both the characteristic of nitrogen and the rise of pH. $NO_3-N$ increases in all conditions. It is judged that the accumulation of $NO_3-N$ affects the reduction of the ratio of denitrification. In the result of the analysis of Manure in swine slurry of liquified fertilizer ingredients, content of Manure in swine slurry of liquified fertilizer ingredients in aerobic conditions (M.A+Mix) is higher than anaerobic conditions.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.367-378
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• 1994

The wastewater treatment characteristics of the fluidized bed filled with sand media and intermediately aerated were studied experimentally, and the obtained results were as follows; 1. The formations of biofilm on the media were greatly affected by the recirculation velocities. 2. Under the experimental condition that BOD loading rate was $4.2kg-BOD_5/m^3{\cdot}d$, the optimum media concentration was $261kg/m^3$ and the optimum recirculation velocity 1.35 cm/sec. 3. For the effluent quality of 20 mg-BOD/l and 20 mg-SS/l, the maximum allowable loading rate was about $8kg-BOD_5/m^3{\cdot}d$. 4. The dry density of biofilm was about 5.6% regardless of the filled media quantities and recirculation velocities. 5. Under the experimental conditions, the effluent solids concentration was below 20 mg/l, and the elimination of final clarifier can be expected.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.252-256
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• 2003

Effluent from farm trefish contained high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus, such kinds of nutrients were released to the environment without proper treatment and thses increased the pollution of the environment. We evaluated the conventional treatment system with cost effective ecotechnologies for the removal of nutrients. Water lettuce chambers were investigated under the various experimental conditions to improve the efficiency of N&P removal and the treatment of from aquaculture effluent. In this research, six water lettuce chambers (80 liter each) received combination of aquaculture wastewater effluent at hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 1, 2, 4 and 8days. The water lettuce chambers operated at a 8 day HRT investigated for aquaculture effluent (1'st) showed average removal efficiency, BOD, T-N, T-P of 92.8, 79.0 and 93.6% on average respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.485-491
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• 2011

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of nutrient removal of municipal wastewater in membrane bioreactor system. Membrane bioreactor consists of four reactors such as two intermittently anaerobic tanks, the oxic tank and the sludge solubilizaion tank with an internal recycle. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) and flux were 6.5 hours and $20.4L/m^2{\cdot}hr$ (LMH), respectively. The removal efficiency of $COD_{Cr}$, SS, TN and TP were 94.0%, 99.3%, 99.9%, 69.9%, and 66.9%, respectively. The estimated true biomass yield, specific denitrification rate (SDNR), specific nitrification rate (SNR), specific phosphorus release rate (SPRR) and specific phosphorus uptake rate (SPUR) were 0.34 kgVSS/kgBOD d, $0.067mgNO_3-N/mgVSS{\cdot}d$, $0.028mgNH_4-N/mgVSS{\cdot}d$, 16.0 mgP/gVSS d and 2.1 mgP/gVSS d, respectively. The contents of nitrogen and phosphorus of biomass were 8.9% and 3.5% on an average.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.109-113
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of nutrient removal of municipal wastewater in membrane bioreactor system. Membrane bioreactor consists of four reactors such as the anaerobic, the stabilization, the anoxic and the submerged membrane aerobic reactor with two internal recycles. The hydraulic retention time (HRT), sludge retention time (SRT) and flux were 6.2 h, 34.1 days and 19.6 L/$m^2$/hr (LMH), respectively. The removal efficiency of $COD_{Cr}$, SS, TN and TP were 94.3%, 99.9%, 69.4%, and 74.6%, respectively. The estimated true biomass yield, specific denitrification rate (SDNR), specific nitrification rate (SNR), specific phosphorus release rate (SPRR) and specific phosphorus uptake rate (SPUR) were 0.653 kgVSS/kgBOD/d, 0.044 $mgNO_3$-N/mgVSS/d, 0.035 $mgNH_4$-N/mgVSS/d, 51.0 mgP/gVSS/d and 5.4 mgP/gVSS/d, respectively. The contents of nitrogen and phosphorus of biomass were 8.86% and 3.5% on an average.