• 한국생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생태학회 2002년도 VIII 세계생태학대회
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• pp.83-91
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• 2002

The Red Queen hypothesis for the advantage of sex predicts that pathogens will evolve by increasing fitness with frequent encounters with specific host genotypes. In this study, BMV population size, measured as an indicator of fitness, was investigated during repeated passages through the same, or different host genotypes of the crop host, Hordeum vulgare (barley). Overall, mean BMV concentration within individual hosts was significantly higher in genetically homogeneous compared to heterogeneous host passage lines. In addition, BMV populations, passaged through a specific host variety, showed higher growth in that host variety compared to BMV passaged through varying varieties. These results supports the Red Queen hypothesis. However, the decrease in viral populations during passages contradicts the Red Queen. Nevertheless, the results found here show that even under simplified conditions, pathogens do not evolve in simple, predictable ways. Constraints on pathogen evolution may lead to counterintuitive results.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.217-225
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• 2002

The Red Queen hypothesis for the advantage of sex predicts that pathogens will evolve by increasing fitness with frequent encounters with specific host genotypes. In this study, BMV population size, measured as an indicator of fitness, was investigated during repeated passages through the same, or different host genotypes of the crop host, Hordeum vulgare (barley). Overall, mean BMV concentration within individual hosts was significantly higher in genetically homogeneous compared to heterogeneous host passage lines. In addition, BMV populations, passaged through a specific host variety, showed higher growth in that host variety compared to BMV passaged through varying varieties. These results supports the Red Queen hypothesis. However, the decrease in viral populations during passages contradicts the Red Queen. Nevertheless, the results found here show that even under simplified conditions, pathogens do not evolve in simple, predictable ways. Constraints on pathogen evolution may lead to counterintuitive results.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.354-359
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• 2020

Background: The recent, decline in Black-berry Magnolia Vine (Schisandra repanda; BMV) native to Jeju Island, Korea, has raised concerns about the causes of this decline. We investigated the native environment of S. repanda and evaluated its propagation through cuttings to provide preliminary data for its restoration in Jeju Island. Methods and Results: The native environment of the BMV in the Hallasan National Park was surveyed and the climatic variables (temperature and humidity) were analyzed. The effects of the sex of the donor plant (male/female) type of cutting (softwood/hardwood), and treatment with a plant growth regulator (indole-3-butylic acid/rootone) on the rooting of BMV were investigated. Additinallly, the rooting rate, root count, and root length, as well as temperature and humidity were measured in the vinyl moist chambers. BMV was observed in 63 plants distributed from 567 m to 1,364 m above sea level of the Hallasan National Park. In the cutting experiment, the rooting rate was 71.9%, and it was higer in female plants (75.0%) than in male plants (68.8%). Conclusions: The mass propagation of BMV through cuttings valuable for its restoration as without such safeguard measures, the population could face extinction within a few decades.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.7-17
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effects of rescue ventilation maneuvers on the quality of two-rescuer cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Methods: We implemented mouth to mouth (MMV), mouth to pocket mask (MPV) and bag-valve mask ventilation (BMV) maneuvers. Each team of two-nurses was randomized to perform three consecutive sessions of two-rescuer CPR by using three artificial ventilation maneuvers. Results: The subjects were 26 teams of nurses (female: 96.2%, male: 3.8%, age: 26.6 years). Failed ventilation was more frequent in BMV ($2.23{\pm}2.21$, p <.001) than MMV ($0.31{\pm}0.74$) and MPV ($0.38{\pm}0.64$). BMV had more compressions per minute ($93.7{\pm}5.7$) than MMV ($87.0{\pm}7.2$, p = .001) and shorter total compression pause time ($46.1{\pm}5.8sec$) and compression pause fraction ($23.3{\pm}2.2%$) than MMV ($54.8{\pm}10.3sec$, p = .001, $25.5{\pm}3.5%$, p = .001, respectively) and MPV ($53.1{\pm}7.1sec$, p =. 006 and $25.8{\pm}2.6%$, p = .006, respectively). Conclusion: In our simulation study, BMV reduced the compression pause time and increased the number of compressions per minute, thus indicating CPR provided to patients was effective. However, considering the high rate of ventilation failure, we recommend periodic training.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.651-651
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• 2013

Templated strategy is a very powerful tool for creating multi-dimensional self assembly of nanomaterials. Since viral protein cages have a uniform size with a well-defined structure, they can serve as an excellent template for the formation of a three-dimensional self-assembly of synthetic nanoparticles. In this study, we have examined the feasibility of the 3D self-assembly of gold nanoparticles of various sizes using a brome mosaic virus (BMV) capsid with cysteine groups expressed on its surface as a scaffold for the assembly. It was found that the three-dimensional clusters of gold nanoparticles with a designed structure were attainable by this approach, which was verified by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.1301-1314
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• 2018

In this paper, we present a low-cost fire detection system using a thermal camera and a smartphone. The developed system collects thermal and RGB videos from the developed camera. To detect fire, candidate fire regions are extracted from videos obtained using a thermal camera. The block mean of variation of adjacent frames is measured to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the candidate fire regions. After analyzing the dynamic characteristics of regions of interest, a fire is determined by the candidate fire regions. In order to evaluate the performance of our system, we compared with a smoke detector, a heat detector, and a flame detector. In the experiments, our fire detection system showed the excellent performance in detecting fire with an overall accuracy rate of 97.8 %.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1199-1209
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• 2020

The glymphatic system hypothesis is a concept describing the clearance of waste products from the brain. The term "glymphatic system" combines the glial and lymphatic systems and is typically described as follows. The perivascular space functions as a conduit that drains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the brain parenchyma. CSF guided to the perivascular space around the arteries enters the interstitium of brain tissue via aquaporin-4 water channels to clear waste proteins into the perivascular space around the veins before being drained from the brain. In this review, we introduce the glymphatic system hypothesis and its association with fluid dynamics, sleep, and disease. We also discuss imaging methods to evaluate the glymphatic system.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.477-485
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 기도관리의 중요한 장비 중 하나인 bag-mask ventilation (BMV)의 환기 적절성이 상업화된 마스크의 종류에 따라 그리고 처치자의 손의 특성에 따른 영향요인을 분석해 가장 적확한 bag-mask의 종류를 제언해보기 위한 연구이다. 이를 위해 전남지역 D 대학의 기본인명 소생술 교육센터(대한심폐소생협회 등록기관)에 응급의료종사자를 위한 기본소생술 과정 및 한국형 전문심장구조술 과정을 수료한 학생을 39명을 모집하여, 손의 신체적 특성을 측정함은 물론, bag-mask를 이용한 분당 평균환기량을 측정 및 분석하였다. 결과적으로 손의 특성에 가장 영향을 받지 않고 적절한 환기량이 제공되는 마스크 유형은 Soft type(tube, silicon)의 마스크였다. 반면 Hard type(tube, silicon)의 마스크는 처치자의 손의 특성에 유의미한 영향을 받아 보편적으로 사용하기에 부적절함을 알 수 있었다. 현재 COVID-19로 인해 구급대원과 환자들에게 감염의 위험도는 증가하고 있다. 이러한 상황들을 고려했을 때 감염방지는 물론, 적절한 환기량에도 불리한 반영구 Hard type 마스크의 보편적 사용은 지양되어야 할 것으로 생각되며, 이에 환자 및 처치자의 감염 방지(1회 용) 용이성은 물론 적절한 환기량에서도 안정적인 환기량을 제공 가능한 Soft type 마스크의 '장점 인식'과 공급을 통해 현장에서 적극적으로 활용돼야 할 것이다.