• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.403-414
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• 2010

Reducing women's bone mineral density (BMD) has close relationship to risk in osteoporosis. This study was carried out to identify bone density risk factors affecting women's BMD, and to analyze the relationship of age, between BMD and menopause, BMI, blood pressure lifestyle and dietary habits for bone health by physical measurement and questionnaires. The study subjects, 128 women living in Seoul, were divided into 4 age group; 30~39 years (17), 40~49 years (54) and 50~59 years (36) and 60~69 years (21). There were significant differences in mean height, BMI, systolic blood pressure, menache and menopause age and menopause ratio and BMD T-score among the 4 age groups. BHD was significantly decreased according to increasing age and BMI and menopause. The rate of BMD risk subjects was significantly different increasing with age and BMI. The rate of risk group were 0%, 13%, 22.2% and 71.4%, by age groups and 0%, 16.2%, 33.3% and 52.9% by BMI respectively. BMD of menopause groups was significantly decreased from 1.23 (40 years) to 1.34 (60 years). p < 0.001. Also systolic blood pressure were significantly increased from 116.5 mmHg (30 years) to 130.81 mmHg (60 years). The T-score of normal group also decreased significantly from 1.27 to 0.13 (60years) with age. There were significant negative correlation between BMD and age (r = -0.409) menopause (r = -0.346), BMI (r = -0.218) systolic blood pressure (r = -0.193), salty taste eating out (r = -0.185) (p < 0.05). There were significant positive correlation between BMD and meat fish and walking time. In conclusion, bone density decreased with age. Most of the 50 years' subjects were in risk group. BMI, menopause, systolic blood pressure, frequency alcohol consuming. To prevent osteoporosis, over 40 years needed to be educated to maintain normal weight and the improvement of eating and living habits.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.156-162
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and correlation of anthropometric data, eating behaviors, and nutrient intake on the bone mineral density(BMD) of female college students. 349 female college students were surveyed and their age, height, and weight were an average of 20.5 years, 163.2 cm and 54.0 kg, respectively. Their average BMI was 20.2, with 66% falling in the normal range, 21.8% classified as underweight, 8.0% as overweight, and obese individuals comprised 3.4% of the sample by BMI classification. Calcaneal BMD was measured and the average T-score was 0.117. The results of BMD measurements were normal in 268 people(76.8%), osteopenia was found in 71 individuals(20.3%), and osteoporosis in 10(2.9%), respectively. There was a significant difference in bone mineral density according to height(p<0.05) and BMI (p<0.01). There were significant differences between BMD and eating behavior, regularity of eating behaviors(p<0.05), instant food intake(p<0.05), eating out(p<0.05) and nutritional supplement intake(p<0.05). In addition, normal the group with normal BMD had a more desirable eating behavior compared to the osteopenia and osteoporosis afflicted groups. BMD had a significant difference according to the nutrient intake of calcium(p<0.05), vitamin A(p<0.05), and vitamin C(p<0.05). In conclusion, BMD showed a good correlation with height(p<0.01), BMI(p<0.01), body composition including total body water(p<0.05), FFM(p<0.05), body protein(p<0.05) and intake of calcium(p<0.05), iron(p<0.05), vitamin A(p<0.05), and vitamin C(p<0.05). Therefore, an education plan and training on balanced diets proper body weight control, and desirable eating behaviors for female college students will be needed.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.266-275
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• 2011

Purpose: The study investigated the relationship of health behavior with bone mineral density (BMD) for college students. Methods: A descriptive study was done using a convenient sampling of college students (n=116) enrolled in a health-related department. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), health behaviors recognition of subjective health, smoking, drinking, exercise, food habits, intake of calcium, and family history of fracture were measured. BMD was measured at the right forearm using Hologic lunar duel-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA and multiple linear regression. Results: The prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis was 41.4% and 22.4%, respectively. Significant relationships were observed between BMD of right forearm and gender, BMI, subjective health recognition, drinking, and exercise (p<.05). Results of linear regression after adjusted BMD were increased concerning subjective health recognition and regular exercise (p<.05). Conclusions: Subjective health recognition and exercise carries positive effects on BMD. We recommend for college students that healthy behaviors like proper weight, smoking cessation, regular exercise, regular food habits, and health awareness are helpful to BMD.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.189-195
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• 2011

Vitamin K has been suggested to plays a role in bone metabolism. The objective of this study was to determine whether vitamin K2 supplementation is related to bone mineral density, bone formation markers, and bone resorption in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Forty Sprague-Dawley female rats (body weight, $200{\pm}10$ g) were divided into four groups: a sham group fed a control diet, a sham group fed a vitamin K2 supplemented diet, OVX fed a control diet, and OVX fed a vitamin $K_2$ supplemented diet (3.5 mg vitamin $K_2$/kg diet). All rats were fed the experimental diets for 6 weeks, and deionized water was provided ad libitum. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), osteocalcin, and urinary deoxypyridinoline crosslink values were measured as markers of bone formation and resorption. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content were measured in the spine and femur using PIXImus (GE Lunar Co., Madison, WI, USA). No significant differences in body weight gain, food intake, or food efficiency ratio were observed between the control and experimental groups. Serum ALP, osteocalcin, and urinary crosslink values were not significantly different between the vitamin $K_2$ supplemented groups. No significant differences were observed for any of the variables in the sham group. Spine BMD values were significantly lower in the OVX than those in the sham groups. Spine and femur BMD per weight of vitamin $K_2$ tended to be higher than the control diet group within the OVX group, but no significant differences were observed. In conclusion, dietary vitamin $K_2$ supplementation may have a beneficial effect on spine and femur BMD in OVX rats. Further research is needed to understand the potential benefits of vitamin $K_2$ on bone loss in OVX rats.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제65권5호
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• pp.254-261
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• 2022

Background: The use of systemic steroids for 6+ weeks in children is associated with decreased bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD). However, the effects of a shorter duration of use on BMD are unknown. Purpose: To determine the effect of the use of systemic steroids for 2-6 weeks on BMD and BMC in pediatric patients. Methods: Twenty-five pediatric patients (21 with tuberculosis, 2 with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, 1 with inflammatory bowel disease, 1 with autoimmune hemolytic anemia) who received systemic steroids for 2-6 weeks and 25 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. BMC, BMD, and z scores of the whole body (WB), lumbar spine (LS), nondominant distal radius (DR), and total body less the head (TBLH) were determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at baseline, the end of steroid therapy or 6 weeks (whichever was earlier; first follow-up), and at the end of 3 months from baseline (second follow-up) in patients and at baseline in controls. The values were adjusted for confounding variables. Continuous and categorical variables were compared using Student t test and the chi-square test or Fisher exact test, respectively. Pairwise comparisons employed Bonferroni correction. Results: Statistically significant decreases in BMC, BMD, and all z scores were observed. BMC declined by 5.37%, 2.08%, 1.82%, and 2.27%, and 11.42%, 3.75%, 3.34%, and 4.17% for WB, LS, DR, and TBLH, respectively, at the first and second follow-ups, respectively. Similarly, BMD declined by 2.01%, 2.31%, 2.18%, and 1.70% and 4.59%, 3.76%, 3.14%, and 3.50% for the WB, LS, DR, and TBLH, respectively, at the first and second follow-ups, respectively. A significant negative correlation was found among bone densitometric parameters, duration, and cumulative dose. Conclusion: The use of systemic steroids for 2-6 weeks in pediatric patients decreased the BMD and BMC of trabecular and cortical bones, an effect that persisted after discontinuation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.778-787
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• 1996

The purpose of present study was to assess the change of bone mineral density(BMD) and the influences of anthroopometric indices and body composition on BMD in Korean women in Taegu. Subjects were 242 healthy female in the range of 7-67 years old, were divided into 4 age groups in order to assess the influence o factors on BMD according to age. Body composition and BMD measurements of lumbar spine, femur(neck, ward's triangle, trochanter) and total body were performed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The analysis indicated that BMD of most region was positively related to body weight, BMI in all groups 4(50-67years), and closely related to femurs than lumbar spine. This study found correlations between BMD and both total fat body mass and total lean body mass in group 1, 2, 3, and correlations between BMD and only total fat body mass and in group 4. But on regression models the most significant prediction of BMD throughout the skeleton was total lean body mass in group 1(7-16years)and 2(17-34years, and total fat body mass in group 3 and 4. It is concluded that the our data can be used to screen early women of low bone mass. This study confirms that one of the most effective way to prevent osteoporosis and the fractures is to maximize peak bone mass in early life and to minimize bone loss through maintaining adequate weight.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2014

골밀도는 골다공증 진단에 중요하게 이용되고 있고, 치료 및 예방에 중요한 지표가 되고 있다. 그러나 골밀도는 피검자의 상태, 골밀도 측정기, 검사자 등에 의해 정밀도의 오차가 발생할 수 있다. 골밀도에 미치는 다양한 요인 중 요추 부위에 실질적인 영향을 일으킬 수 있는 장내가스, 음식, 물을 통하여 환자의 상태에 따라 어떻게 변화하는지 알아보고자 하였다. Aluminium spine phantom(ASP)을 이용하여 수조의 물 높이 변화와 가스의 유무에 따른 골밀도의 변화를 알아보았다. 또한 자원자를 대상으로 물이 증가하거나 음식물 증가에 의한 골밀도의 영향을 알아보았다. Aluminium spine phantom을 통한 골밀도 측정에서 수조의 물 높이가 증가함에 따라 골밀도가 감소하여 통계적으로 유의한 변화를 관찰하였다(p=0.026). 가스의 유무에 따른 골밀도의 유의한 차이가 없었다(p=0.587). 자원자를 대상으로 한 연구에서는 음식물의 유무에 따른 골밀도가 유의한 차이가 없었으며(p=0.812), 물의 유무에 따라서도 골밀도의 유의한 차이가 없었다(p=0.618). 따라서 요추부 골밀도 측정에서 골의 경계를 인지하는데 어려움이 없다면, 환자의 금식여부나 대장 내시경 검사 후에 시행하는 골밀도 검사는 골밀도에 큰 영향을 끼치는 인자가 아님을 알 수 있었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.260-265
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• 2015

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the bone-conserving effects of Rubus coreanus-Cheonggukjang (RC-CGJ) supplemented with more intensified phytochemicals compared to general Cheonggukjang (CGJ) in growing rats. Eighteen rats were divided into 3 treatment groups (Control, CGJ, and RC-CGJ) and were given experimental diets for 9 weeks. All of the rats in this study were fed a AIN-93G-based diet. Both CGJ groups were fed with 33.1% CGJ and RC-CGJ powder, respectively. The results of this study indicate that weight gain, mean food intake, and food efficiency ratio were not significantly different by the experimental diets among all groups. Spine bone mineral density (BMD) and femur BMD were not significantly different by the experimental diets. Spine bone mineral content (BMC) was significantly higher in the RC-CGJ and CGJ groups than in the control group, regardless of CGJ type. The femur BMC of the CGJ supplemented group was significantly higher compared with the control group and the RC-CGJ group. Compared with the control group, spine BMD and femur BMD per weight were markedly increased in the RC-CGJ and CGJ group regardless of CGJ type. Also, spine BMC per weight was significantly higher in the RC-CGJ group than in the CGJ group. However, femur BMC per weight was significantly higher in the CGJ group than in the RC-CGJ group. It can be concluded that RC-CGJ and CGJ supplemented diets have more beneficial effects on spine and femur peak bone mass in growing rats.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.136-144
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine which factors influence the bone mineral density (BMD) of total femur (TF), femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) of the adult men by analyzing nationally representative Korean survey data. Methods: This study was conducted based on the data of 1,770 men aged 19-64 years from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V), 2010~2011. The BMD was analyzed by various factors (general characteristics, anthropometric data, health habits, chronic diseases, nutrient intake status). SPSS statistics for complex samples was used to analyze the data. Results: We observed that the BMD decreased significantly with aging. The BMD in each of the second lowest quartile of waist circumference (in TF & FN) and body mass index (in TF & LS) was lower than the respective BMD in the highest quartile group. The BMD in FN was higher in the group who reported the weight training. The BMD in LS was lower in hypercholesterolemia group than in the normal group. The BMD in TF, FN and LS was lower in hypertriglyceridemia group and in diabetes group than in the normal group. The BMD in TF, FN and LS was higher in the group with < Estimated Average Requirement iron intake. But there was no evidence to suggest that the BMD was related with educational level, income level, smoking, alcohol intake, anemia and nutrient intake status (except for iron). Conclusions: This study suggested that aging, waist circumference, body mass index, weight training, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglycemia, diabetes were site-specifically associated with the BMD in TF, FN and LS in the adult men. These bone site-specific factors need to be considered for the prevention of osteoporosis.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2019

[Purpose] The study aimed to determine the effects of bone-specific physical activity on body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), and health-related physical fitness in middle-aged women. [Methods] One hundred eighty-six middle-aged women aged 31-49 years participated in this study. The subjects were divided into tertile groups according to the level of physical activity (low-score group, n=62; middle-score group, n=62; high-score group, n=62). Bone-specific physical activity participation was assessed using the bone-specific physical activity questionnaire. Body composition and BMD were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Health-related physical fitness test included isometric muscle strength (grip strength), muscular endurance (sit-ups), flexibility (sit and reach), and cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen uptake [VO_2max]). [Results] The high-score group had a significantly higher fat-free mass (p=.045, partial eta-squared value[η_p²]=.033) than the middle- and low-score groups, whereas the high-score group had significantly lower percent body fat (p=.005, η_p²=.056) than the other two groups. Whole-body BMD (p=.034, η_p²=.036) and lumbar BMD (p=.003, η_p²=.060) were significantly higher in the high-score group than in the low-score group. The high-score group performed significantly better for grip strength (p=.0001, η_p²=.101), sit-ups (p=.0001, η_p²=.108), and VO_2max (p=.0001, η_p²=.092) than the other two groups. [Conclusion] The present study suggests that bone-specific physical activity could be useful in improving body composition, BMD, and health-related physical fitness in middle-aged women, significantly enhancing their BMD and health conditions.