• 제목/요약/키워드: BL4

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신정격 및 방광정격 자침이 정상 성인의 맥파 변화에 대한 비교 연구 (The Effects of Sa-am Acupuncture on Radial Pulse in Healthy Human Subjects: A Comparative Study on Tonifications of Kidney and Urinary Bladder)

  • 곽규인;강재희;이현
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • 제32권2호
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    • pp.105-121
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    • 2015
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of Sa-am acupuncture with tonifications of kidney and urinary bladder on radial pulse in healthy subjects. Methods : Sixty healthy subjects participated in this study, and were divided into a kidney tonifying acupuncture group(KI group), urinary bladder tonifying acupuncture group(BL group) and control group. Radial pulse was measured by 3 dimensional pulse imaging system(DMP-3000) before, immediately after, 30 minutes after, and 60 minutes after acupuncture at Cun, Guan, and Chi in each time. Results : 1. BL group exhibited significantly reduced T1 / T, T4 / T, T4 / (T-T4), T5 / T and increased(T-T4) / T compared to KI group. 2. BL group showed increase of radial augmentation index / heart rate(RAI / HR) in left Cun, H5, Ad / Ap in left Chi, H1, As / Ap in right Chi compared to KI group. BL group showed decrease of As / Ap, Aw / Ap in left Chi, H1, pulse depth, Ad / Ap in right Chi compared to KI group. 3. KI group showed increase of Aw / Ap, H1, H2, H4, pulse area in right Guan, pulse depth in right Chi compared to BL group. KI group showed decrease of RAI in left Cun, applied pressure, pulse depth in left Guan, Aw / Ap in right Chi compared to BL group. Conclusions : The effects of Sa-am acupuncture with tonifications of kidney and urinary bladder in healthy humans have been observed on various parameters. The parameters analysed in this study can be used to differentiate the effects of Sa-am acupuncture with tonifications of kidney and urinary bladder on radial pulse.

우울 경향과 복모혈(腹募穴), 배유혈(背兪穴)압통과의 관계 비교 연구 (Comparative Study of Relationship between the Depressive Tendency and Tenderness of Alarm Points and Transport Points)

  • 서민정;김송이;박영재;정원모;차수진;이향숙;이혜정;박히준
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • 제27권4호
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    • pp.97-109
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    • 2010
  • Objective : To examine whether any correlation between tendency towards depression and tenderness at special acupuncture points exists, thus to explore the potential diagnostic property of acupuncture points. Methods : A total 31 subjects were included in this study. They filled out questionnaires about their mental [Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Stress Response Inventory (SRI), Profile of Mood States (POMS)] and physical (fatigue due to overexertion, and food accumulation) symptoms. Identical weight around Alarm points (CV17, CV12, ST25, CV5, CV4, and LR13) and transport points (BL14, BL20, BL21, BL22, BL25, and BL27) was given using an algometer and the subjects rated their pain on an 11-point numerical rating scale. Heart rate variability (HRV) was also measured. Results : The subjects were divided into two groups, normal and depressive tendency groups with a cut-off point of nine on BDI. The depressive tendency group reported significantly higher values in SRI, POMS, and questionnaire for fatigue due to overexertion. In the pressure pain measurement, depressive tendency group had more pressure pain at CV12, left side of BL20, BL14, BL22 and both sides of BL21, BL25, BL27, significantly (each p<0.05). The data of HRV did not show significant differences between groups. Conclusions : People with a tendency towards depression may be prone to stress, negative mood, and fatigue due to overexertion. In addition, they may be more likely to develop tenderness at alarm points and transport points compared with healthy people. Further research is needed to confirm this finding.

비유(脾兪)($BL_{20}$) 대황(大黃)약침이 고지방식이로 유발된 비만백서(肥滿白鼠)에 미치는 영향 (The Effects of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma Pharmacopuncture at Bi-Su($BL_{20}$) on the Obese Rats Induced by High Fat Diet)

  • 류혜선;김성필;김승만;이동근;이욱재;이주희;위통순
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.9-18
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    • 2012
  • Objectives : This research was performed to investigate the effects of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma pharmacopuncture at Bi-Su($BL_{20}$) on weight change, food efficiency, concentration of serum lipid, liver function of rats fed high fat diet for 8 weeks. Methods : Subject groups were diveded into normal diet group(Normal), high fat diet group(Control), high fat diet and saline in $BL_{20}$ treated group(Saline), high fat diet and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma pharmacopuncture in $BL_{20}$ treated group(PT-1, 0.008mg/ml/g), high fat diet and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma pharmacopuncture in $BL_{20}$ treated group(PT-2, 0.021mg/ml/g), and high fat diet and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma pharmacopuncture in $BL_{20}$ treated group(PT-3, 0.042mg/ml/g). Pharmacopuncture was bilaterally treated at BL20 every 4 days, totally 14 times in 56 days. We observed the changes of body weight, food efficiency, ALT, AST, r-GTP, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL-cholesterol of each group. Results : 1. Body weight significantly decreased, as compared with the control group, in PT-1 from 2nd week to 8th week, in PT-2 from 4th week to 7th week. 2. Food efficiency decreased, as compared with the control group, in PT-1(0.05${\leq}$p<0.06). 3. HDL-cholesterol increased, as compared with the control group, in PT-1, PT-3, but not significantly. 4. In the changes of ALT, as compared with the control group, only in PT-1 group, the level of serum ALT decreased(0.05${\leq}$p<0.06). 5. As for the changes of r-GTP, as compared with control group, in every subject group, the levels of serum r-GTP significantly decreased. Conclusions : According to the above results, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma pharmacopuncture at $BL_{20}$ can act on body weight, food efficiency and liver function. It also does not seem to be injurious on liver function. To use Rhei Radix et Rhizoma pharmacopuncture for obesity, further studies on its underlying mechanism and optimal dosage might be needed.

골절에 침 치료를 적용한 2013년 이후 증례보고 문헌고찰 (A Review of Case Reports on the Application of Acupuncture as a Treatment for Fracture since 2013)

  • 백승원;남경호;최승관;이정한;한윤희
    • 한방재활의학과학회지
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    • 제31권4호
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    • pp.49-63
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    • 2021
  • Objectives This study aimed to investigate the trend in treating fracture with acupuncture and to evaluate the quality of case reports. Methods All case reports of fractures treated with acupuncture were extracted from four Korean web databases. We classified these studies by five fracture sites and investigated frequently used meridian and acupoint, outcome measurements, treatment period. And we assessed the quality of the case reports by the STandards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA) guidelines. Results A total of 33 case reports were included. The outcome measurements were divided into six categories, and the outcome measurements used in more than three studies showed improvement in patient symptoms. The mainly used meridians for each fracture site were as follows: chest and abdomen (GB, LR, CV), back (BL, GB), upper limb (LI, TE), lower Limb (GB, ST, BL, SP). The most commonly used acupoints for each fracture site were as follows: chest and abdomen (Ashi points, GB24, GB25, GB26, LR13, LR14, CV16, CV17, CV18, CV19), back (BL23, BL24, BL25, BL26, BL40, BL51, BL52, BL60, GB34), upper limb (LI4, LI10, LI11, TE3), lower limb (GB34, GB40). According to the STRICTA guidelines, more than 54.54% of the reports were found to be 'not reported' or 'not sufficient' in the following categories: 'response sought', 'description of participating acupuncturist', and 'number of needle insertions per subject per session'. Conclusions The meridians and acupuncture points frequently used for acupuncture treatment of fractures were near the fracture site. Future clinical studies involving acupuncture must be reported in accordance with the STRICTA guidelines to improve transparency and uniformity.

Neoplastic and Hematological Effects of Endosulfan and Bleomycin in the Swiss Albino Mice Mus musculus

  • Sharmin, Tanjina;Ferdousi, Zennat;Islam, M. Saiful;Khan, M.Z.H.;Rahman, Atiqur
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제51권4호
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    • pp.294-298
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    • 2008
  • Effects of endosulfan (EN), an insecticide, and bleomycin (BL), an antibiotic, on the body weight in the normal mice, and the in vivo cell growth, tumor weight, and hematological parameters of the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell-bearing Swiss albino mice Mus musculus were evaluated. EN and BL were respectively administered orally and intraperitoneally to the experimental mice; the control group consisted of EAC cell-bearing untreated mice only. EN reduced the body weight in normal mice, whereas BL resulted in a steady body weight compared to the control. EN increased the EAC cell count significantly by reducing the growth of normal viable cells. In contrast, BL reduced the cell count by increasing the proportion of viable cells in the body. The tumor weights induced by EN were significantly higher than those of the EAC control and the BL-treated animals. In comparisons with the control and the BL mice, hematological parameters such as hemoglobin (%) and the number of RBC and lymphocytes were lowered, while counts of WBC, neutrophils, and monocytes were elevated after EN treatments. These results show that BL is capable of reducing the EN-induced neoplastic and haematological alterations in the mice under laboratory conditions.

Osteological development of wild-captured larvae and a juvenile Sebastes koreanus (Pisces, Scorpaenoidei) from the Yellow Sea

  • Yu, Hyo Jae;Kim, Jin-Koo
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.20.1-20.12
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    • 2016
  • The osteological development in Sebastes koreanus is described and illustrated on the basis of 32 larvae [6.11-11.10 mm body length (BL)] and a single juvenile (18.60 mm BL) collected from the Yellow Sea. The first-ossified skeletal elements, which are related to feeding, swimming, and respiration, appear in larvae of 6.27 mm BL; these include the jaw bones, palatine, opercular, hyoid arch, and pectoral girdle. All skeletal elements are fully ossified in the juvenile observed in the study. Ossification of the neurocranium started in the frontal, pterotic, and parietal regions at 6.27 mm BL, and then in the parasphenoid and basioccipital regions at 8.17 mm BL. The vertebrae had started to ossify at ~7.17 mm BL, and their ossification was nearly complete at 11.10 mm BL. In the juvenile, although ossification of the pectoral girdle was fully complete, the fusion of the scapula and uppermost radial had not yet occurred. Thus, the scapula and uppermost radial fuse during or after the juvenile stage. The five hypurals in the caudal skeleton were also fused to form three hypural elements. The osteological results are discussed from a functional viewpoint and in terms of the comparative osteological development in related species.

Radio tag을 이용한 낙동강 상류에 서식하는 열목어의 이동양상 (Migration Patterns of Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis Using Radio Tags in the Upper Part of the Nakdong River)

  • 윤주덕;장민호
    • 생태와환경
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    • 제42권1호
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    • pp.58-66
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    • 2009
  • 한반도 남방한계에 분포하는 열목어의 월동기 이동 경향과 월동지역의 특징 파악 및 산란기 이동을 평가하기 위하여 낙동강 상류지역에 서식하는 8마리의 열목어에 라디오 발신기(radio tag)을 삽입하여 2007년 12월부터 2008년 5월까지 추적 조사하였다. 월동기 동안 라디오 발신기(radio tag)를 부착한 열목어는 이동을 하더라도 인접한 소와 소 사이를 오가는 정도였으며, 하루에 약 8.6 m를 이동한 것으로 나타났다. 2월 말부터 수온이 약간씩 상승하기 시작했지만 각 개체가 눈에 띄는 이동을 보이진 않았다. 라디오 발신기(radio tag)를 부착한 열목어의 월동지역은 주로 여울 이후에 형성되어 있는 소로 약 1 m 정도 깊이에 수표면의 유속은 다소 빠르지만 심층부의 유속은 빠르지 않은 형태를 띄었고, 큰 암반과 인접하고 있는 지역으로 하상 구조는 모래가 50% 정도로 가장 많은 비율을 차지하였고 자갈 등이 골고루 분포하고 있었다. 산란시기에는 열목어 활동성도 높아 하루에 약 96.2 m를 이동한 것으로 나타났다. 상류로 이동한 개체는 BL4와 BL6으로 BL4는 24일간 총 4.65 km에 이르는 거리를 이동한 것으로 나타났으며 BL6은 2.23 km를 이동하였다. BL5와 BL7은 각각 3.74 km와 2.81 km 하류로 이동하였고 BL8은 하루만에 109 m 하류로 이동한 후 신호가 사라졌다. 열목어의 상류로의 이동은 수위와 유량 증가 이후 나타났으며 이 시기는 기온의 증가로 인하여 대다수의 눈이 녹으면서 이 시기까지 거의 단절되어 있던 백천계곡과 낙동강이 연결되는 시기와 거의 일치한다. 하류로이동한 개체들 대부분은 하류지역의 넓은 소로 이동하여 여름철 성장기를 보내는 것으로 나타났다.

Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Station 4C2 BL of Pohang Accelerator Laboratory for Advance in Korean Polymer Science

  • Yoon, Jin-Hwan;Kim, Kwang-Woo;Kim, Je-Han;Heo, Kyu-Young;Jin, Kyeong-Sik;Jin, Sang-Woo;Shin, Tae-Joo;Lee, Byeong-Du;Rho, Ye-Cheol;Ahn, Byung-Cheol;Ree, Moon-Hor
    • Macromolecular Research
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    • 제16권7호
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    • pp.575-585
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    • 2008
  • There are two beamlines (BLs), 4C1 and 4C2, at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory that are dedicated to small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The 4C1 BL was constructed in early 2000 and is open to public users, including both domestic and foreign researchers. In 2003, construction of the second SAXS BL, 4C2, was complete and commissioning and user support were started. The 4C2 BL uses the same bending magnet as its light source as the 4C1 BL. The 4C1 BL uses a synthetic double multilayer monochromator, whereas the 4C2 BL uses a Si(111) double crystal monochromator for both small angle and wide angle X-ray scattering. In the 4C2 BL, the collimating mirror is positioned behind the monochromator in order to enhance the beam flux and energy resolution. A toroidal focusing mirror is positioned in front of the monochromator to increase the beam flux and eliminate higher harmonics. The 4C2 BL also contains a digital cooled charge coupled detector, which has a wide dynamic range and good sensitivity to weak scattering, thereby making it suitable for a range of SAXS and wide angle X-ray scattering experiments. The general performance of the 4C2 BL was initially tested using standard samples and further confirmed by the experience of users during three years of operation. In addition, several grazing incidence X-ray scattering measurements were carried out at the 4C2 BL.

MPTP 유발 파킨슨 병 동물 모델에서의 신수혈($BL_{23}$) 봉독약침의 항염증 효과 (Anti-inflammatory Effect of Bee Venom Acupuncture at Sinsu($BL_{23}$) in a MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson Disease)

  • 김찬영;이재동;이상훈;고형균
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • 제26권4호
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    • pp.49-58
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    • 2009
  • 목적 : 파킨슨 병은 기저핵 흑질의 치밀부에서 도파민성 신경세포의 퇴행으로 인하여 발생하는 질병으로 신경 염증이 주요 병인으로 밝혀져 있다. 이 연구는 MPTP 유발 파킨슨 병 동물 모델에서 신수혈($BL_{23}$)에 대한 봉독 약침의 항염증 효과 및 그 기전을 확인하기 위해 시행되었다. 방법 : $C57_{BL}$/6쥐를 무처치군, MPTP+saline군, MPTP+BVA(0.06mg/kg)군, MPTP+BVA(0.6mg/kg)군의 4군으로 나눈 뒤 무처치군을 제외한 모든 그룹에 총 8시간 동안 2시간 간격으로 MPTP-HCl(20mg/kg per dose$\times$4)을 복강내로 주입하였다. MPTP+BVA 군에서 봉독약침은 마지막 MPTP 주입 2시간 후부터 48시간 간격으로 신수혈($BL_{23}$)에 양측으로 각 20${\mu}\ell$씩 주입하였고 MPTP+saline군에서는 봉독약침 대신 Saline을 주입하였다. 마지막 MPTP 주입 후 7일째에 쥐의 뇌를 적출한 후 면역조직화학법을 시행하였다. 결과 : MPTP 유발 파킨슨 병 동물 모델에서 신수혈에 대한 봉독약침은 농도 의존적으로 TH-Immunoreactivity neuron의 감소와 microglial activation을 억제하였다. HSP70-IR neuron은 모든 군에서 나타나지 않았다. 결론 : 봉독약침이 용량의존적으로 microglial activation을 억제하는 효과를 통해 도파민성 신경세포의 파괴를 억제함으로써 항염 효과를 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 이 결과는 봉독약침이 microglial activation 억제를 통해 임상적으로 파킨슨 병과 같은 신경 퇴행성 질병에 있어 유용한 치료수단이 될 수 있음을 시사한다.

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생분해성 고분자 폴리에스테르의 합성 (Chemically synthesized polyester for use as biodegradable polymers)

  • Lee, Chan Woo
    • 한국염색가공학회지
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    • 제8권4호
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    • pp.19-24
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    • 1996
  • Poly(3-hydroxybutylate) 및 그들 유도체의 화학적 합성을 위해 ${\gamma}$-butyrolactone(${\gamma}$BL)과 ${\gamma}$-valerolactone(${\gamma}$VL)을 사용 ${\gamma}$-butyrolactone($\beta$BL) 과의 개환중합을 시도했다. 공중합체는 5원황 락톤 단위를 포함한 코폴리에스테르를 $BF_{3}$. $OR_{t2}$ 촉매하에서 고상(bluk state)중합에 의해 얻었고, 이러한 방법으로 합성한 코폴리머의 구조를$^{1}H NMR$$^{13}C NMR$분석법으로 결정했다. 그결과 $\beta$BL, ${\gamma}$BL과 ${\gamma}$VL의 첨가비가 증가함에 따라 수율은 저하되었고, 또한 ${\gamma}$VL의 경우 4HV의 증가가 34~35%가 한계로써, ${\gamma}$VL의 첨가비가 0.5 (${\gamma}$VL/$\beta$VL=50/50)보다 증가 할지라도 안정상태를 유지하였다.

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