• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경과학회 2003년도 International Symposium on Clean Environment
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• pp.79-84
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• 2003

The main objective of this study was to investigate the chemical characteristics of post-harvest biomass burning aerosols from field burning of barley straw in late spring and rice straw in late fall in rural area in Korea. 12-hr integrated intensive sampling of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ biomass burning aerosols had been conducted continuously at Gwangju, Korea 4-15 June 2001 and 8 October-14 November 2002. The fine and coarse particles of biomass burning aerosols were collected for mass, ionic, elemental, and carbonaceous species analysis. Average fine and coarse mass concentrations of biomass burning aerosols were measured to be 129.6, 24.2 ${{\mu}gm}^{-3}$ in June 2001 and 47.1, 33.2 ${{\mu}gm}^{-3}$ in October to November 2002, respectively. Exceptionally high level of $PM_{2.5}$ concentration up to 157.8 ${{\mu}gm}^{-3}$ well above 24-hour standard was observed during the biomass burning event days under stagnant atmosphere condition. During biomass burning periods dominant ionic species were $Cl^{-}$, ${NO_3}^{-}$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$, and ${NH_4}^{+}$ in fine and coarse mode. In the fine mode $Cl^{-}$ and ${KCl}^{+}$ were unusually rich due to the high content of the semiarid vegetation. High OC values and OC/EC ratios were also measured during the biomass burning periods. Increased amount of fine aerosols with high enrichment, which were originated from biomass burning of post-harvest agricultural waste, resulted in extremely severe particulate air pollution and visibility degradation in the region. Particulate matters from open field burning of agricultural wastes cause great adverse impact on local air quality and regional climate.

• ALGAE
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.295-300
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• 2008

Seaweed biomass was estimated using a nondestructive method in the rocky subtidal zones in Munseom, Jeju Island, Korea from July 2006 to April 2008. Seasonal samplings were done at the depth of 1, 5, 10 m using 50 x 50 cm quadrat. Mean biomass was comprised of 2,784 g wet wt m$^{-2}$ and the biomass values varied seasonally from 1,176 g wet wt m$^{-2}$ to 4,217 g wet wt m$^{-2}$ with the highest point in April. Biomass reached maximum at 5 m depth in spring, but was shifted to 10 m depth in summer. Common seaweeds appeared year round in Munseom were Codium minus, Ecklonia cava, Sargassum spp., articulated corallines and Plocamium telfairiae. Among them, E. cava showed the highest biomass (average of 1,288 g wet wt m$^{-2}$), comprising 4% of total biomass. Only 12 species’' biomass covered 98% of total value, which indicated the contribution of few common species to algal community. Seaweed biomass in Munseom represented one of the highest values in coastal regions in Korea.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.317-330
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• 2022

Recently, the policy regarding climate change in Korea and overseas has been to promote the utilization of forest biomass to achieve net zero emissions. In addition, with the implementation of the unused forest biomass system in 2018, the size of the Korean market for manufacturing wood pellets and wood chips using unused forest biomass is rapidly expanding. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the total amount of unused forest biomass that can be used as an energy source and to identify the capacity that can be continuously produced annually. In this study, we estimated the actual forest area that can be produced of logging residue and the potential amount of unused forest biomass resources based on GT (green ton). Using a forest functions classification map (1 : 25,000), 5th digital forest type map (1 : 25,000), and digital elevation model (DEM), the forest area with a slope of 30° or less and mountain ridges of 70% or less was estimated based on production forest and IV age class or more. The total forest area where unused forest biomass can be produced was estimated to be 1,453,047 ha. Based on GT, the total amount of unused forest biomass potential resources in Korea was estimated to be 117,741,436 tons. By forest type, coniferous forests were estimated to be 48,513,580 tons (41.2%), broad-leaved forests 27,419,391 tons (23.3%), and mixed forests 41,808,465 tons (35.5%). Data from this research analysis can be used as basic data to estimate commercial use of unused forest biomass.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.324-331
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• 2010

Seasonal variation in seaweed biomass was examined along vertical shore gradients on the rocky shores of Nachido and Odo Islands, the Yellow Sea, Korea, from August 2007 to April 2008. The average annual biomass of seaweed was 404.07 g wet wt/$m^2$, with seasonal variation from 232.61 g in the spring to 754.90 g wet wt/$m^2$ in the summer at Nachido Island. At Odo Island, average biomass was 270.82 g wet wt/$m^2$ and ranged from 48.35 g in the winter to 451.66 g wet wt/$m^2$ in the spring. Seaweed biomass exhibited an even distribution across the shore gradient from the high intertidal zone to -5 m depth at Nachido Island, whereas seaweed biomass was concentrated from the mid intertidal zone to -1 m depth in the subtidal zone at Odo Island. Sargassum thunbergii was the most dominant species, occupying 28.24% (114.12 g wet wt/$m^2$) and 36.57% (99.05 g wet wt/$m^2$) of total biomass at Nachido and Odo Islands, respectively. Subdominant seaweed species was Gelidium amansii, comprising 15.23% (61.52 g wet wt/$m^2$) and 14.70% (39.82 g wet wt/$m^2$) of total biomass at Nachido and Odo Islands, respectively. Dominant functional group was the coarsely branched-form group, which grows under moderate environmental conditions and comprised 93.34% (377.15 g wet wt/$m^2$) and 66.96% (181.35-g wet wt/$m^2$) of total biomass at Nachido and Odo Islands, respectively. Percentage biomass of sheet-form seaweeds growing at relatively disturbed and polluted areas was approximately 20.83% (56.40 g wet wt/$m^2$) of total biomass along the Odo rocky shore. Based on the biomass and functional-form composition of seaweeds, we concluded that Nachido Island provides better environmental conditions than does Odo Island. In addition, the vertical distribution and dominant species of seaweeds on the two islands were very similar, but the functional-form composition of seaweeds at Nachido Island differed slightly from that at Odo Island.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권4호
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• pp.477-482
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• 2007

지구환경문제 등의 대두 및 친환경 에너지원으로 산림 바이오매스 자원에 대한 관심의 증폭에 따라 현재 우리나라 산림 바이오매스에 대한 정확한 추정 및 정보 관리프로그램 제작을 위하여 본 연구가 수행되었다. 2005년 말 현재 우리나라 총 산림 바이오매스량은 520,852천톤이며, 이들 중 실제 바이오매스 생산이 가능한 시업지를 대상으로 바이오매스량을 산정한 결과 402,795천톤이었고, 목재이용 가치가 가장 높은 경제림단지에 대한 바이오매스량은 200,768천톤으로 추정되었다. 또한 국내 산림에서 연간 임목의 생장에 의해 생산가능한 바이오매스량을 계산한 결과 20,340천톤이었고, 이를 화석연료로 대체할 수 있는 척도인 발열량으로 전환하여 보면 94,290Gkal로서, 이를 당시의 실내등유가로 환산하면 약 90억원에 달하는 양이다. 산림 바이오매스의 주기별 변화 추이는 '85년 말부터 '05년 말 현재까지 10년 주기로 4.95%, 5.30%, 4.46%로 '95년을 정점으로 바이오매스 생장율이 감소추세에 있음을 알 수 있었다. 한편 산림축적을 바이오매스로 전환하는 현재의 계수들이 임상별로 되어 있기에 수종별로는 계산이 곤란하므로 이에 대한 계수 개발이 요구되며, 아울러 직경 및 수고 인자 등을 이용하여 바이오매스를 추정하기 위한 함수식 개발도 필요한 시점이다.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2006년도 제33회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.293-298
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• 2006

There are many researches in progress on co-firing of coal and biomass to reduce carbon dioxide produced from the coal consumption. This study carried out 200 Kg/h combustion test furnace by mixing coal with timber. Coal was mixed with domestic and imported-wood around 10% to 20% based on input energy. For the mixed fuel, combustion temperature, unburned carbon and the composition of flue gas were analyzed. In addition, the tendency of slagging and fouling was examined using a probe. According to the result of the experiment, combustion temperature was depended on the kind of wood and mixing ratio. The unburned carbon loss was higher with increase of wood biomass mixing ratio, as a result, the total heat loss of furnace was slightly increased. The emission of NOx and SOx were decreased by $3{\sim}20%$ and $21{\sim}60%$ respectively. There are no difference of slagging and fouling tendency between biomass co-firing and coal burning only.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

Biomass of non-living brown seaweed Sargassum fluitans pretreated by different methods is capable of taking up more than $10\%$ (11 meq/g) of its dry weight in aluminum at a pH of 4.5. It is indicated that the biomass sequestered the aluminum in the form of polynuclear aluminum species. The fraction of $Al(OH)_3$ Precipitated in the aluminum nitrate solution without biomass at pH 4.5 increased as the Al concentration increased. Aluminum-alginate complex precipitated in the solution as alginate was partially released from the biomass. External colloidal precipitate occurring in native and protonated S. fluitans biomass sorption systems caused a significant difference in Al sorption isotherms determined by standard and desorption methods, respectively, Sodium ions added for pH adjustment were not sorbed at all in the presence of aluminum ions.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제23권2_2호
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• pp.351-359
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• 2020

The algae biomass is considered as one of the potential sources of ocean renewable energy because it can be easily mass-produced with abundant sunshine in the vast ocean space. However, the practical use of the biomass has been hindered by the lack of efficient and cost-effective harvesting and maintenance system so far. The algae biomass aquaculture systems are installed in far offshore locations in much larger scales compared to the conventional aquaculture systems so that the automatic seaweed planting and harvesting system needs to operate in heavy sea conditions in far offshore location. In this research, we develop a concept design of a mega-scaled aquaculture system and an automatic seaweed planting and harvesting system, which can operate in heavy seas and mass-produce the algae biomass.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.260-265
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• 2008

As one of renewable energy sources, biomass is playing a major role in reducing the greenhouse gas emission in the UK. The country currently produces about 4.5% (18.1TWh in 2006) of the total electricity generation from renewables, where biomass-based sources accounts for 50% of the amount and the remainder mostly from hydro and windpower. In 2007, the UK government has announced its new energy policy through the Energy White Paper, which includes an ambitious national target of 60% cuts in carbon emission by 2050. Complementary strategic plans in key renewable energy technologies accompanied the Energy White Paper, including biomass strategy, waste strategy and low carbon transportation strategy. This paper summarizes the current status and policy of UK for renewable energy production with focus on the use of biomass and bioenergy.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2012

A total of 45 Pinus sylvestnis var. mongolica trees from 9 plots in northeast China were destructively sampled to develop aboveground prediction equations for inventory application. Sampling plots covered a range of stand ages (12-47-years-old) and densities (450-3,840/ha). The distribution of aboveground biomass of whole-trees and tree component (stems, branches and leaves) of individual trees were studied and 4 equations were developed as functions of diameter at breast height (DBH), total height (HT). All the equations have good estimation effect with high prediction precision over 90%. Forest biomass was estimated based on the individual biomass prediction equations. It was found forest biomass of all organs increased with the increasing of stand age and density. And the period of 45-50 years was the suitable harvest time for Pinus sylvesris plantation.