• Title/Summary/Keyword: BDS

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Possibility of Chaotic Motion in the R&D Activities in Korea

  • Loh, Jeunghwee
    • Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.1-17
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    • 2014
  • In this study, various characteristics of R&D related economic variables were studied to analyze complexity of science and technology activities in Korea, as reliance of R&D activities of the private sector is growing by the day. In comparison to other countries, this means that it is likely to be fluctuated by economic conditions. This complexity characteristic signifies that the result of science and technology activities can be greatly different from the anticipated results - depending on the influences from economic conditions and the results of science and technology activities which may be unpredictable. After reviewing the results of 17 variables related to science and technology characteristics of complex systems intended for time-series data - in the total R&D expenditure, and private R&D expenditure, numbers of SCI papers, the existence of chaotic characteristics were. using Lyapunov Exponent, Hurst Exponent, BDS test. This result reveals science and technology activity of the three most important components in Korea which are; heavy dependence on initial condition, the long term memory of time series, and non-linear structure. As stable R&D investment and result are needed in order to maintain steady development of Korea economy, the R&D structure should be less influenced by business cycles and more effective technology development policy for improving human resource development must be set in motion. And to minimize the risk of new technology, the construction of sophisticated technology forecasting system should take into account, for development of R&D system.

A Design and Implementation of Software Defined Radio for Rapid Prototyping of GNSS Receiver

  • Park, Kwi Woo;Yang, Jin-Mo;Park, Chansik
    • Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.189-203
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    • 2018
  • In this paper, a Software Defined Radio (SDR) architecture was designed and implemented for rapid prototyping of GNSS receiver. The proposed SDR can receive various GNSS and direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) signals without software modification by expanded input parameters containing information of the desired signal. Input parameters include code information, center frequency, message format, etc. To receive various signal by parameter controlling, a correlator, a data bit extractor and a receiver channel were designed considering the expanded input parameters. In navigation signal processing, pseudorange was measured based on Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and appropriate navigation message decoder was selected by message format of input parameter so that receiver position can be calculated even if SDR is set up various GNSS combination. To validate the proposed SDR, the software was implemented using C++, CUDA C based on GPU and USRP. Experimentation has confirmed that changing the input parameters allows GPS, GLONASS, and BDS satellite signals to be received. The precision of the position from implemented SDR were measured below 5 m (Circular Error Probability; CEP) for all scenarios. This means that the implemented SDR operated normally. The implemented SDR will be used in a variety of fields by allowing prototyping of various GNSS signal only by changing input parameters.

The Role of Remittances in Financial Development: Evidence from Nonlinear ARDL and Asymmetric Causality

  • MEHTA, Ahmed Muneeb;QAMRUZZAMAN, Md.;SERFRAZ, Ayesha;ALI, Asad
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.139-154
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    • 2021
  • This study's impetus is to explore fresh evidence to answer the question, i.e., whether remittances asymmetrically influence financial development in Bangladesh from 1975 to 2019. The study employs several tests, i.e., nonlinear unit root test, Autoregressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL), NARDL, and asymmetric causality test for establishing the pattern of association. Nonlinear unit root tests confirm that variables follow a nonlinear system of being stationary after the first difference. nonlinearity among variables is investigated by performing the BDS test and nonlinear OLS. Directional causality is investigated through both linear and nonlinear effects of remittance inflows by following the non-granger casualty test. The test statistics of Fpass and tBDM showed the Long-run cointegration in the empirical model and positive effect running from remittances inflow to financial development both in the long-run and short-run. Furthermore, the results of a standard Wald test divulge the presence of long-run and short-run asymmetry. Asymmetry causality test established unidirectional causality due to positive and negative shocks in remittances inflows to Bank-based financial development and feedback hypothesis hold for explaining causality between positive and negative shocks in remittance inflows and Stock-based financial development.

Genetic Diversity of Amylomyces rouxii from Ragi tapai in Java Island Based on Ribosomal Regions ITS1/ITS2 and D1/D2

  • Delva, Ega;Arisuryanti, Tuty;Ilmi, Miftahul
    • Mycobiology
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    • v.50 no.2
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    • pp.132-141
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    • 2022
  • Amylomyces rouxii is commonly found as amylolytic fungi in tapai fermentation. However, its diversity is rarely reported despite being often used for food production in Southeast Asia. This research aims to analyze the genetic diversity and the distribution pattern of A. rouxii from Ragi tapai in Java Island, Indonesia. We isolated the fungus from samples obtained from Ragi tapai producing centers in Bandung, Sumedang, Muntilan, Blora, Yogyakarta, and Bondowoso. The obtained isolates were molecularly identified based on the ribosomal regions ITS1/ITS2 and D1/D2, then analyzed for phylogenetic tree reconstruction, genetic distance, genetic variation, and haplotype networking. Six isolates showed specific morphological traits of A. rouxii. However, phylogenetic tree reconstruction on the ribosomal genes showed that the isolates were grouped into two different clades related to two species. Clade A included BDG, SMD, and MTL isolates related to A. rouxii, whereas clade B included YOG, BLR, and BDS isolates related to Mucor indicus. The genetic distances between clades for ITS1/ITS2 and D1/D2 were 0.6145 and 0.1556, respectively. In conclusion, we confirmed the genetic diversity of molds from Ragi tapai in Java Island and showed that the isolates are not only related to A. rouxii as reported before.

Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometric Determination of Geniposide in Rat Plasma and its Pharmacokinetic Application

  • Jin, Ming Ji;Kim, In Sook;Kim, Dong-Hyun;Yoo, Hye Hyun
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.34 no.9
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    • pp.2760-2764
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    • 2013
  • Geniposide is a biologically active ingredient of gardenia fruit. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method was developed and validated for the determination of geniposide in rat plasma. The plasma samples were pretreated by solid-phase extraction and introduced into a BDS Hypersil $C_{18}$ column ($50{\times}2.1mm$, $5{\mu}m$) for chromatographic separation. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile, and gradient elution was performed at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. For mass spectrometric detection, multiple reaction monitoring was performed via an electrospray ionization source in positive mode. The calibration curve for geniposide was linear ($r^2=0.997$) in the concentration range of $0.005-1{\mu}g/mL$. The intra- and inter-day accuracies and precisions fulfilled the required criteria (${\pm}15%$). The developed method was subsequently used for pharmacokinetic analysis of geniposide after oral administration to rats at a dose of 50 mg/kg. The mean maximum plasma concentration of geniposide was $0.68{\pm}0.29{\mu}g/mL$ at $0.44{\pm}0.13h$, and the mean area under the plasma concentration versus time curve was $1.46{\mu}g{\cdot}h/mL$.

Herb medicine Bo-du-san induces caspase dependent apoptosis and cell cycle arrest human gastric cancer cells, SNU-1 (보두산(寶豆散)에 의한 SNU-1 세포의 Apoptosis 유도와 Cell cycle arrest)

  • Yun, Hyun-Joung;Seo, Gyo-Soo;Choi, Jae-Woo;Lee, Hyun-Woo;Heo, Sook-Kyoung;Park, Won-Hwan;Park, Sun-Dong
    • The Korea Journal of Herbology
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.35-43
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    • 2007
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Bo-du-san (BOS) on apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells, SNU-l cells. BOS, a drug preparation consisting of two herbs, that is, Crotonis Fructus (Strychni ignatii Semen, bodu in Korean) and Glycyrrhizae Radix (Glycyrrhizae uralensis FISCH, Gamcho in Korean). Methodss : In this study, methanol extract of BOS was examined for cytotoxic activity on human gastric cancer cells, SNU-1 cells, using XTT assay, with an IC50 value was 0.7 mg/ml and 0.3 mg/ml at 24 hrs and 48 hrs, respectively. Apoptosis induction by BDS in SNU-l cells was verified by the induction of DNA fragmentation, cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), and activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9. Inhibitors of caspase-3, -8 and -9 (Ac-DEVD-CHO, Z-IETD-FMK and Z-LEHD-FMK) efficiently blocked BOS-induced cell death of SNU-l. Resultss : BOS-induced cell death was via caspase dependent apoptosis. Moreover, treatment of BOS result in the decrease the G1/S cycle regulation proteins (cyclin D1 and E) expression and increase CDK inhibitor proteins (p21 and p27) expression, and increase apoptotic protein, p53 expression. Thus, BOS induces apoptosis in SNU-1 cells via cell cycle arrested in G1 phase. Conclusions : These results indicated that BOS has some potential for use as an anti-cancer agent.

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Yield Stress of Kochujang with Vane Method (Vane 방법을 이용한 고추장의 항복응력 측정)

  • Chang, Yoon-Hyuk;Yoo, Byoung-Seung
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.974-978
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    • 2000
  • The vane method was used to measure yield stresses of five commercial kochujang samples under a controlled shear-rate operating condition. Magnitudes of vane yield stress were higher than those of yield stress using Casson model with a concentric cylinder viscometer. Magnitudes of vane yield stresses showed great differences between the static $({\sigma}_s)$ and dynamic yield stresses $({\sigma}_d)$ of kochujang samples with undisturbed structure (UDS) and with broken down structure (BDS). A dimensionless yield number $(N{\sigma}_o)$ was determined from the ratio of ${\sigma}s$ to ${\sigma}d$ in order to describe the existence of temporary structure of kochujang.

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Design of Microstrip Antenna for Satellite Navigation System Jamming

  • Shin, Jae Yoon;Park, Chong Hwan;Woo, Jong Myung
    • Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.37-42
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    • 2018
  • This paper proposed a microstrip antenna that can perform jamming of satellite signals from the GPS L5, GLONASS G3, BDS B2 frequency bands (1164 - 1217 MHz) that are employed mainly for military purposes among the GNSS frequencies using unmanned aircrafts over the enemy's sky in time of emergency. The single element in the proposed antenna can be easily mounted to unmanned aircrafts. This study analyzed the characteristics of miniaturization and beam of radiating elements by applying the image theories and perturbation effect to satisfy the uniform level at ${\pm}45^{\circ}$ of beam steering goal due to the phase delay after antenna array. The designed microstrip antenna had a miniaturized radiating element area (x-y plane), which was reduced by 76.3% compared to that of basic microstrip antenna, and its beam width was $190^{\circ}$ in the E-plane and $140^{\circ}$ in the H plane. In addition, the simulation was conducted to determine the characteristics due to the phase delay by arranging the designed single microstrip antenna by $1{\times}4$ array and the results showed that beam steering of ${\pm}45^{\circ}$ is possible in the H-plane on the basis of $0^{\circ}$. Thus, the proposed antenna was verified to be effective in satellite signal jamming in the air as it was attached to the lower end of unmanned aircrafts.

Development of Integrated eLoran/GNSS Receiver and Performance Test Result (eLoran/GNSS 통합 수신기 개발 및 성능시험 결과)

  • Kim, Jeong-been;Yu, Je Hyun;Park, Il Kyu;Son, Seok Bo;Kim, Young-Baek
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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    • 2019.11a
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    • pp.73-74
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    • 2019
  • We are developing a receiver that integrates eLoran and GNSS for navigation. The receiver shows similar performance to LORADD receiver in single navigation using Loran-C. In the case of GNSS navigation, the receiver uses GPS and GLONASS or GPS and BDS, so it has better navigation performance than the LORADD receiver using only GPS. Therefore, it is possible to expect better performance than the LORADD receiver in the integrated navigation which can complete the time synchronization between the chains later and obtaion the TOA. Loran data channel decoding function is implemented for eLoran navigation and the function of eliminating error factors such as interference is being implemented.

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Method development and validation of spectrophotometric and RP-HPLC methods for simultaneous estimation of spironolactone and furosemide in bulk and combined tablet dosage forms

  • Chavan, Rohankumar R.;Bhinge, Somnath D.;Bhutkar, Mangesh A.;Randive, Dheeraj S.;Salunkhe, Vijay R.
    • Analytical Science and Technology
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    • v.34 no.5
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    • pp.212-224
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    • 2021
  • The intent of the present work was to develop a simple, sensitive, accurate, precise, rapid and economical UV- spectrophotometric and reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous estimation of Spironolactone and Furosemide in bulk and combined tablet dosage forms. UV-Spectrophotometry was carried out by simultaneous equation method using 0.02 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer pH 3.5: Acetonitrile (50:50) v/v as a solvent. The linearity range was 2-14 ㎍ mL-1 for Spironolactone and Furosemide with a correlation coefficient > 0.99. The chromatographic separation was achieved on 250 mm × 4.6 mm, hypersil BDS C18 column with particle size 5 ㎛, by using an isocratic mixture of 0.02 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer pH 3.5: Acetonitrile: tert butyl methyl ether (49:50:1) v/v/v as a solvent at a flow rate of 1 mL min-1 and UV detection was carried out at 254 nm. The retention time were observed to be 3.666 and 6.661 minutes for Furosemide and Spironolactone respectively. The two developed methods were validated according to the ICH guidelines for accuracy, precision, linearity, LOD, LOQ and were found to be within the limits. It can be concluded that these two methods could be successfully used for the simultaneous estimation of Spironolactone and Furosemide in bulk and combined tablet dosage forms.