• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1997

Because of the sharp increase of its export and import container cargo volumes contrast to the lack of related Container Terminal facility, equipment and inefficient procedure, there is now heavy container cargo congestions in Pusan Container Terminal. As a result of such a situation, many container ships avoid their calls into Pusan port. This is a major cause that in tum kads to weakening intemational competitiveness of the Korean industry. This study, therefore, aims are to make a quantitative analysis of Container Terminal System through the computer simulation, especially focusing on its 4 sub-system of a handling system, 'it is checked whether the current operation is being performed effectively through the computer simulation. The overall findings are as folIows; Firstly, average tonnage of the ships visiting the BCTOC was 32,360 G/T in from January '96, to may '96. The average arrival interval and service time of container ships at BCTOC are 5.63 hours and 18.67 hours respectively. Ship's arrival and service pattern at BCTOC was exponential distribution with 95% confidence and Erlang-4 distribution with 99% confidence. Secondly, average waiting time and number of ships was 9.9 hours, 235 ships(38%) among 620 ships. Number of stevedoring container per ship was average 747.7 TED, standard deviation 379.1 TEU and normal distribution with 99% confidence. Thirdly, from the fact that the average storage days of containers at BCTOC are 2.75 days (3.0 days when import, 2.5 days when export). it is founds that most containers were transfered to the off-dock storage areas with the free periods(5 days when import, 4 days when export), the reason for which is considered to be the insufficient storage area at BCTOC. Fourthly, in the case of gate in-out at BCTOC, occupied containers and emptied containers are 89% and 11% respectively in the gate-in, 75% and 25% seperately in the gate-out. Finally, from the quantitative analysis results for container terminal at BCTOC, ship's average wating time of ships was found to be 20.77 hours and berth occupancy rate(${\rho}$) was 0.83. 5~6 berths were required in order that the berth occupancy rate(${\rho}$) may be maintained up to 60% degree.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 1999

For the purpose of analyzing the influence of the recent environmental changes of container logistics system in container terminal, the simulation model of container logistics system on BCTOC is developed in this paper. The simulation model is accomplished by the AweSim simulation language, and the several data which have been used in simulation gained through spot research and basic statistic analysis using the first half of 1998 electronic data in BCTOC. The results of this study are as follows; (1) In the case of BCTOC, the decreasing of container volumes is observed during the first half of 1998 compare with that of 1997. (2) In the container handling service market, the monopolistic market system in the past rapidly diverts to the competition market system from now. (3) From the simulation results, the improving of container logistics system is observed. (4) Because of these results, BCTOC will come to strengthen customer service and competitive power through starting On-Dock service system and operating the team of customer management in the long term.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.251-260
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• 1998

For the purpose of building the simulation model on cargo handling capacity in container terminal we composed a model of container logistics system which has a 4 subsystem; cargo handling transportation storage and gate complex system. Several data are used in simulation which were gained through a field study and a basic statistic analysis of raw data on BCTOC from January to Jane in 1998. The results of this study are as follows; First average available ratios of each subsystems were 50% for G/C, 57.5% for Y/T, 56% for storage system and 50% for gate complex. And there were no subsystems occurring specific bottleneck. Second comparing the results of simulation to the results of basic statistics analysis we can verifying the suitability of this simulation model. Third comparing the results of this study to the results of existed similar study in 1996, we were able to confirm the changes of container logistics system in BCTOC.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.107-115
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• 1998

For the purpose of building the simulation model on cargo handling capacity of container terminal, we composed a model of container logistics system which has a 4 subsystems ; cargo handling, transportation, storage system and Gate complex system. Several date used in simulation gained through spot research and basic statistic analysis using raw data from January to Jane in 1998. The results of this study are as follows ; First, average available ratio of each subsystem was G/C 50%, Y/T 57.5%, storage system 56%, Gate complex 50%, and there was no subsystem occurring specific bottleneck. Second, comparing the results of simulation to the results of basic statistics, we can verify suitability of this simulation model. Third, Comparing the results of this study to the results of existed study, we were able to confirm a change of BCTOC container logistics system under IMF situation.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.51-64
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• 1999

This study is on the focus of the cost-effective and time-effective in the BCTOC which commenced the On Dock Termainal System in 1998 for the first time in Korea. On this process of study two categories should be considered : (1) Improvement on Business Process (2) Improvement on Information Technology. With these two accesses a new future-oriented and prospective model could be put on our hand as follows. (1) Improvement on Business Process \circled1Consistency of container In-Out Operation \circled2Simplicity of Rate appraisal \circled3Unified operation on Billing and Request (2) Improvement on Information Technology \circled1Scale up the Information Application \circled2Constructing an one-spot simultaneous Information Holding System \circled3Combination of Internet and Integrated Database System.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 1992

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.29-54
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• 1991

In this study, to identify the ineffectiveness of inter-connected system of cargo volume between the Pusan Port and inland areas and also to make more rational suggestions, the following conclusions were drawn by analyzing Container Cargo Traffic from BCTOC to Off-Dock CY: 1. There existed about 30% to 50% reduction in the container transport times when the container transport vehicles were operated during the off-peak period to alleviate the traffic congestion due to mixed traffic. 2. There appeared to be more economic when Off-Dock DY's scattered around the City of Pusan were unified in one ODCY Unit at YangSan, and the Exclusive Overpass Freeway System for the container transport vehicles were constructed and operated on the existing Urban Freeway from BCTOC ti this ODCY Unit (Expected to make about 230 billions Won in net present value by NPV method).

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.53-66
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• 1996

Container handling facilities in Korean ports have increased rapidly according to Korean industrialization and the worldwide containerization. Over 98% of total containers handles in Korean ports are handled in Puan ports. This paper presents the estimation method of annual container handling capacity of container terminals by the computer simulation models. Simulation models are developed utilizing SIMAN IV simulation package. Annual handling capacity of real container terminals such as BCTOC and PECT was estimated by the proposed simulation models. Also, Annual handling capaicty of planned or expected terminals in Puan port was estimated. The comparisons between container forecast demand and estimated handling capacity of Pusan port from 1996 through 2001 were made. It showed that Pusan port will have over two million TEU handling capacity shortage during that period and will face enormous port congestion. Lastly, mid term and long-term capacity expansion plansof container terminals in korean ports were discussed.