• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.258-265
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• 2010

The purposes of this study was to determine the effects of limited hyperextension at knee joint using Limited Motion Knee Brace on balance and walking in patients with hemiplegia. The subjects of this study were 20 post-stroke hemiplegic patients admitted. Subjects were randomly assigned to either experimental group (Limited Motion Knee Brace group) or control group (manual restriction group). Both groups received traditional physical therapy intervention. The effects of each therapeutic method were evaluated by measurements of gait ability assesment, Berg balance scale (BBS), 10-meter walk speed (10MWS), Timed Up & Go (TUG) Test. The results of this research were as followings: (1) After treatment, there were significant BBS scores differences in both experimental and control group compared with pre-treatment(p<0.05). (2) After treatment, there were significant TUG test scores differences in both experimental and control group compared with pre-treatment (p<0.05). (3) After treatment, there were significant 10MWS differences in both experimental and control group compared with pre-treatment (p<0.05). (4) There were significant BBS scores differences in third and fourth week between experimental and control group (p<0.05). It was concluded that Limited Motion Knee Brace was effective for improving balance and for reducing fatigue for experimental group. Therefore, further studies are required to investigate the effect of knee orthosis for improving balance and walking in patients with hemiplegia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of body weight support treadmill training (BWSTT) and parallel bar gait training(P-bar) on gait and balance ability of subacute stroke patients. The subjects were consisted of 27 patients with subacute stroke, and they were randomly devided into two groups which were BWSTT group and P-bar group. Method : The timed up and go(TUG), 10m gait speed were used to measure gait speed, Bergs balance scale(BBS) was used to measure dynamic balance ability, and balance performance monitor(BPM) was used to measure sway area, sway path, max velocity. Result : 1. The TUG and 10m gait speed of BWSTT group and P-bar group were significantly decreased (p<.05). The TUG and 10m gait speed were different significantly between BWSTT group and P-bar group(p<.05). 2. The BBS and sway area of BWSTT group and P-bar group were significantly decreased (p<.05). The BBS and sway area were not different significantly between BWSTT group and P-bar group(p>.05). 3. The sway path and max velocity of BWSTT group and P-bar group were significantly decreased (p<.05). The sway path and max velocity were not different significantly between BWSTI group and P-bar group(p>.05). Conclusion : The outcomes suggest that patient with subacute stroke can improve their gait and balance through body weight support treadmill training.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.711-718
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dual-task training on balance and upper extremity function with chronic stroke. For seventeen persons with chronic stroke, we executed dual-task training for 4 weeks, five times per week, and 30 minutes each time. Before and after the dual-task training, the patients were tested with Berg Balance Scale(BBS) and BTS FreeEMG 300(BTS FreeEMG 300, BTS, Italy). After the dual-task training, the subjects showed significant changes in the score of BBS(p<.05). And, the subjects' shoulder and elbow movement had negative values of change after the intervention, indicating that there was a positive change. The results of this study show that dual-task training for persons with chronic stroke is a useful therapeutic approach by enhancing the their quality of life through improving balance and upper extremity function.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.59-68
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• 2015

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the comparison of visual and auditory biofeedback during sit-to-stand training in patients with stroke. METHODS: Thirty-five subjects with chronic stroke were divided into three groups: a visual feedback group (12 subjects), an auditory feedback group (12 subjects) and a control group (11 subjects). All Groups received neurodevelopmental treatment, and sit-to-stand training for 30minutes three times a week for four weeks. During the sit to stand training, the experimental groups received visual feedback and auditory feedback, whereas the control group performed sit-to-stand training without feedback. Five times sit-to-stand test (FTSST), motion analysis and postural sway during sit-to-stand were used to evaluate sit to stand performance ability. In addition, Berg balance scale (BBS) was performed for evaluation of balance function in participants. RESULTS: All groups showed significant increase on FTSST and BBS between pre- and post-intervention. The BBS scores in visual feedback group was significant increase than control group. The motion analysis and postural sway, more improvement was observed in the visual and auditory feedback groups compared with the control group. The only visual feedback group was a better performance of midline excursion during sit-to-stand than control group. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that sit-to-stand training using a biofeedback may help to improve sit to stand performance and balance ability of stroke patients.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

Purpose : We aimed to determine whether improvements in balance, gait, and motor function were different when the same exercise was performed, with and without mirror therapy, by patients with subacute stroke using the affected and unaffected lower limbs. Methods : Eight patients with subacute stroke were randomly divided into experimental groups 1, 2 and the control group. A mirror therapy program was performed with group 1 using the unaffected lower limb and group 2 the affected lower limb. The exercise lasted 30 min per session, five times weekly, for 4 weeks. The control group did not perform the exercises. BT-4, BBS, POMA, 10MWT, and BRS were used to evaluate balance, gait, and motor function before and after the intervention. Results : Post-intervention analysis showed that all three groups had higher BBS scores. After training, the postural sway in groups 1 and 2 decreased in the post eye opened and closed positions; that of the control group increased. The scores of two subjects in group 1 increased by 4 and 5 points in POMA, resulting in significant changes compared to those in the other groups. No group showed significant results in 10MWT. BRS improved in all subjects in group 1 from BRS 2 to 1 and in only one subject in group 2 there was no change in the control group. Conclusion : Static and dynamic balance and significant results are noted in POMA, BBS, but not gait velocity. Therefore, mirror therapy seems to show a positive change in subacute patients, but the research results are not clear and the difference between groups is unknown due to the small number of subjects. The effects of mirror therapy and exercise therapy should be compared using more subjects in future.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.417-430
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of weight-bearing training with an elastic band during functional electrical stimulation (FES) on walking and balance functions in stroke patients. Methods: Twenty patients with chronic stroke were divided into an experimental group assigned to weight-bearing training with an elastic band during functional electrical stimulation (FES; n=10) and a control group assigned to weight-bearing training alone during FES (n=10). The patients in both groups attended physical therapy sessions five times a week for four consecutive weeks. The experimental group underwent weight-bearing training with an elastic band during FES five times a week for four weeks. The control group underwent weight-bearing training during FES. Balance parameters were measured before and after the intervention using the Balancia program. Moreover, all patients were evaluated using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the Time Up and Go Test (TUGT), and the Wisconsin Gait Scale (WGS) before and after each intervention. Results: The results showed that weight-bearing training with elastic bands during FES and weight-bearing training during FES had a significant effect on the affected side's weight-bearing ratio, BBS, TUGT, and WGS in both groups (p <0.05). Additionally, the results showed that the changes observed in the two groups indicate significant differences in path length, average speed, BBS score, TUGT time, and WGS score between the groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In patients with stroke, weight-bearing training with an elastic band during FES affected on walking and balance. Therefore, it is an optional intervention for the balance and walking ability of stroke patients.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.119-129
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• 2022

Purpose : The purpose of the study was to find out the effects of obstacle walking training according on gait and balance in stroke patients. Methods : Twenty-four stroke patients are randomly assigned to experimental group 1 (n=8), experimental group 2 (n=8) and control group (n=8). Experimental group 1 performed unexpected obstacle walking training, experimental group 2 performed fixed obstacle walking training and control group performed non obstacle walking training for 12 minutes per session, 5 times a week for 4 weeks. The gait analyzer G-walk were evaluated using gait cadence, gait velocity, and stride length, balance was evaluated using FES-K and BBS. Results : In within-group comparison of gait cadence, gait velocity and stride length of change, the experimental 1,2 groups showed significant improvements post intervention (p<.05) but control group showed no significant improvement. In between-groups comparison there was significant difference in the change of gait cadence, gait velocity and stride length pre and post intervention. In within-group comparison of FES-K and BBS scores, the experimental 1,2 groups showed significant improvements post intervention (p<.05) but control group showed no significant improvement. In between-groups comparison there was significant difference in the change of FES-K and BBS scores pre and post intervention (p<.05). Conclusion : Obstacle walking training can improve the gait, function and balance of stroke patients and obstacle walking training is effective for improving gait and balance compared to non-obstacle walking training.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2022

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify whether gym-ball exercise in standing position was an effective intervention for improving muscle strength, balance, gait, and fall efficacy in stroke patients. Methods : Twenty-four stroke patients were randomized into three groups: experimental group 1 (n=8), experimental group 2 (n=8), and control group (n=8). Experimental groups 1, 2 and the control group performed the gym-ball exercise in standing position, same exercise without a gym-ball, and general physical therapy for 4 weeks, five times a week in 30-minute sessions. Muscle strength, balance, gait, and fall efficacy were assessed using a handheld dynamometer, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the wearable BTS G-WALK® sensor, and the Korean version of the Falls Efficacy Scale (K-FES), before and after training, respectively. Comparisons within and between groups were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, Kruskal Wallis H test, and Mann-Whitney U test. Bonferroni correction was performed when significant differences between groups were identified (p<.017, .05/3). Results : Regarding muscle strength, BBS score, cadence and FES-K were significantly improved after intervention in all three groups. The weight bearing rate, gait speed and step length in experimental group 1 and 2 were significantly improved after the intervention. The stride length in experimental group 1 were significantly improved after the intervention. Experimental group 1 had significantly improved BBS score and stride length after intervention than experimental group 2 and control group. Experimental group 1 and 2 improved muscle strength, weight bearing rate, and FES-K score more than the control group. Experimental group 1 showed significant improvement in cadence, gait speed, and step length after the intervention than control group. Conclusion : This study showed that exercise with gym-ball in standing position can be an effective intervention to improve balance and gait in stroke patients than the same exercise without gym-ball.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.61-66
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of action observation training (AOT) on the balance and cognition of the elderly with dementia. Methods: Twenty-four participants were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (12 participants each). The 5-week intervention involved 45 minutes sessions, three times a week. Both groups did 30 minutes of general physical exercises, followed by the experimental group watching a 5 minutes video featuring functional movements and imitating them for 10 minutes. The control group watched a scenic video and did functional training for 10 minutes, mimicking the experimental group. All participants were evaluated using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, Functional Reaching Test (FRT), Berg's Balance Scale (BBS), and Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) before and after the intervention. A paired t-test was conducted to compare the within-group change before and after the intervention. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was performed to compare the between-group difference. The statistical significance level was set to p=0.05 for all variables. Results: The experimental group showed significant within-group changes in the TUG test, FRT, BBS, and K-MMSE (p<0.05). The control group showed a significant change in FRT and K-MMSE (p<0.05). A significant difference was observed between the experimental group and the control group regarding the change in the TUG test, BBS, and K-MMSE after the interventions (p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the AOT and repetition of actual movements, led to more significant improvements in balance and cognitive abilities compared to the control group that observed scenic landscapes.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.73-80
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of motion-based dance game on static and dynamic balance in elderly women. The participants were randomly divided into 2 group, Motion Based dance game group(n=10), control group(n=10). After they were divided into an Motion Based dance game group and a control group the Motion Based dance game group participated in six-week period of time, three times a week, 60 minutes each, and the control group didn't exercise outside of their daily lives. To evaluated the balance ability of exercise, it was evaluated by using Berg Balance Scale(BBS), Functional Reach Test(FRT), Timed Up and Go test(TUG). The data was analysis using a paired t-test and independent t-test to determine the statistical significance. The results of this study between BBS, FRT, TUG and Motion Based dance game group had statistically significant difference rather than control group(p<.05). In conclusion, the Motion based Dance Game showed improvement on the balance ability in the elderly. Regular maintenance of the Dance Game "Dance Central" program for the elderly will assistance improve the balance. Consequently, studies on the development of dance games suitable for the elderly are believed to be necessary.