• Journal of Convergence Korean Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2021

Objectives: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an easily recurrent inflammatory skin disease. Since AD has complex pathology, people have been investigating it on different aspects with various experimental models. One of them is in vivo model which has spontaneously developed AD-like skin lesions by various inducers. Methods: In this study, two kinds of mouse species were applied in the experiment; BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. We compared features among the animal species making AD mouse model with protein allergen, ovalbumin. AD-like skin lesions were induced by ovalbumin on two kinds of scheme and were evaluated with the histological results and size of spleen which is a critical immunological organ. Also, we measured the level of immunoglobulin E in serum. In addition, we investigated the results of ovalbumin induced-AD-like skin lesions along with obesity. Results and Conclusion: We evaluated weight of organs and thickness of epidermis. These results suggest the possibility of the appropriate in vivo experimental model for AD or the comorbidity with obesity.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.135-143
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• 2015

Electrocardiogram measures the electric impulses generated by the heart during its cycle. Recently genome-wide association studies on electrocardiogram traits revealed many relevant genetic loci. Therefore, these findings need to be validated and investigated to determine the underlying mechanisms using mouse models. Invasive radiotelemetry has been widely used to record the electrocardiogram in mice because it has several advantages over non-invasive measurements. However, radiotelemetry is expensive and requires complicated surgery. On the other hand, a non-invasive method using 3 electrodes (one for earth) for lead II is easy to establish and allows for rapid measurement. In this study, eleven mice were measured with this non-invasive method and no statistical difference among them was found in any ECG measurements. In addition, repeat measurement in the same mouse was performed in 9 sets of experiment and the results indicated that non-invasive method was reliable for reproducibility. Further it was shown that measurements for 1, 5, 10, and 15 minutes were not different so that a short recording such as 5 minutes was enough to estimate the ECG values including heart rate. Further this method was validated by measuring the ECG of Balb/c and FVB that were previously shown to differ in ECG values by radiotelemetry. Significant differences were found in heart rate, PR interval and corrected QT interval between these mouse strains. This study partially proved that non-invasive method also could provide the accuracy and reproducibility. Based on these results, the non-invasive ECG recordings of lead II is recommended as a useful method for quick test in mouse model.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.5-13
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• 2004

The use of therapeutic ultrasound(US) in humans with malignant neoplasms has been contra-indicated in physical therapy practice. Some studies have shown the results after application of US inhibited of tumor growth but some studies have shown the results facilitated of tumor growth in mouse. The purpose of this study were to determine the effects of US on rectal sarcoma(CT-26) in mouse and to determine the histological change of tumor. Thirty-five female BALB/C mouse, age 6 to 8 weeks received subcutaneous injection of 0.1 105 tumor cells. When tumors grew to 5 mm in diameters, the mouse were randomly assigned to control group(n=7) and high powered continuous US group(n=7) and low powered continuous US group(n=7) and high powered pulsed US group(n=7) and low powered pulsed US group(n=7). The experimental group (four groups) received 10 treatments over a 10-day period of 3 MHz ultrasound. Tumor dimension were measured on days 1(start of treatment), 5(midtreatment), and 10(end of treatment, preexcision and postexcision). Tumors were weighed after excision and the mouse were observated histological change of tumor. All tumors grew larger over time. Mean tumor weights(in grams) and volumes(in cubic millimeters) were 2.063 g and $2729.313\;mm^3$ for the high powered continuous US group 1.881 g and $2428.002\;mm^3$ for the low powered continuous US group 1.730 g and $2381.002\;mm^3$ for the high powered pulsed US 1.673 g and $2289.562\;mm^3$ for the low powered pulsed US group 1.670 g and $2297.333\;mm^3$ for the control group. Ultrasound increased the weight and volume of subcutaneous tumor in mouse. We urge caution in the use of ultrasound in the areas of tumors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5705-5711
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• 2013

Background: Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the potential to form teratomas when implanted into immunodeficient mice, but data in immunocompetent mice are limited. We therefore investigated teratoma formation after implantation of three different mouse ESC (mESC) lines into immunocompetent mice. Materials and Methods: BALB/c mice were injected with three highly germline competent mESCs (129Sv, BALB/c and C57BL/6) subcutaneously or under the kidney capsule. After 4 weeks, mice were euthanized and examined histologically for teratoma development. The incidence, size and composition of teratomas were compared using Pearson Chi-square, t-test for dependent variables, one-way analysis of variance and the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance and median test. Results: Teratomas developed from all three cell lines. The incidence of formation was significantly higher under the kidney capsule compared to subcutaneous site and occurred in both allogeneic and syngeneic mice. Overall, the size of teratoma was largest with the 129Sv cell line and under the kidney capsule. Diverse embryonic stem cell-derived tissues, belonging to the three embryonic germ layers, were encountered, reflecting the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. Most commonly represented tissues were nervous tissue, keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium (ectoderm), smooth muscle, striated muscle, cartilage, bone (mesoderm), and glandular tissue in the form of gut- and respiratory-like epithelia (endoderm). Conclusions: ESCs can form teratomas in immunocompetent mice and, therefore, removal of undifferentiated ESC is a pre-requisite for a safe use of ESC in cell-based therapies. In addition the genetic relationship of the origin of the cell lines to the ability to transplant plays a major role.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.109-113
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of short-term thermal stress on the serum concentrations of cortisol and DHEAS in BALB / c male mice. Cortisol and DHEAS concentrations in serum were measured by radioimmunoassay(RIA). We found there were significantly increased in the cortisol levels in 30 min-stressed group(T30) compared with control group(p＜0.01), and then declined without significance in 120 min-stressed group (T120) compared with T30. By contrast, DHEAS levels were decreased without significance in both T30 and T120 compared with control group. Though short-term thermal stress, the continuous decline of DHEAS levels were observed. These results show that short-term thermal stress affects the serum levels of cortisol and DHEAS in mice. Furthermore, we found that DHEAS is a stress-related hormone and will be able to utilize as a stress marker.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.41-48
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• 2017

Objectives : This study was designed to estimate the antioxidative and neuroprotective effects of Torreyae Semen hot water extracts (TS). Methods : Torreyae Semen was extracted by hot water for 2 hours with a temperature of 105 degrees. Polyphenols and total flavonoid were measured and LC-MS/MS was used to certificate anticipated antioxidative compounds. The antioxidant activities of TS were measured as scavenging effects of 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Nitrite Oxides (NO). Cell viability and proliferation rate was measured MTT assay. The toxicities to thymocytes and splenocytes were evaluated by the proliferation rate of primary cultured cells of 7 weeks, male Balb/c mice. The antioxidant activities of TS on C6 mouse glioma cells were measured by the analysis of total glutathione contents variation. The neuroprotective effects against oxidative stresses were measured by MTT assay. Results : Polyphenols of TS was $92.00{\pm}1.24{\mu}g/mg$, and total flavonoids was $0.36{\pm}0.14{\mu}g/mg$. TS includes gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, gallocatechin gallate and epigallocatechin gallate. TS included gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, gallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate. TS showed DPPH and NO scavenging effects as dose-dependent manner at the concentrations of $0-10mg/m{\ell}$. In MTT assay, TS shows no significant toxicity to C6 cells, primary cultured thymocytes and splenocytes of Balb/c mice. TS increased the level of total glutathiones. TS increased cell viabilities of C6 cells against oxidative stresses such as $H_2O_2$, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), Rotenone at the concentrations of $0-0.063mg/m{\ell}$. Conclusions : TS shows the antioxidant and neuroprotecitive effects in these experiments.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.115-120
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• 2000

We have investigated the effect of short-term immobilization stress on the serum concentrations of cortisol and DHEAS in BALB/c male mice. Serum cortisol and DHEAS concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay(RIA). We found there were significantly increased in the cortisol levels in 30 min-stressed group(Ⅰ-30N) compared with control(C) group (p＜0.01), and also increased with significance in 120 min-stressed group(I-120N) compared with C group(p＜0.01). Cortisol concentrations were significantly increased in both 30 min-stressed group(Ⅰ-30T), and 120 min-stressed group(Ⅰ-120T) compared with C group(p＜0.01). The sustained increase of cortisol levels were observed in both SG treated and SG non-treated group. Serum cortisol levels were lower in SG treated group than SG non-treated group with significance(p＜0.01). By contrast, DHEAS levels were slightly decreased without significance in Ⅰ-30N, but significantly decreased in Ⅰ-120N compared with C group(p＜0.01). There were slightly decreased in the DHEAS levels in Ⅰ-30T, but significantly decreased in Ⅰ-120T compared with C group(p＜0.01). However, SG treatment did not induce any significant changes of DHEAS levels in both 30 min and 120 min-stressed group. Though short-term immobilization stress, the continuous decline of DHEAS levels were observed. Therefore, these results show that short-term immobilization stress affects the serum concentrations of cortisol and DHEAS in mice.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2004

Background: Minor histocompatibility HY antigen, as a transplantation antigen, has been known to cause graft rejection in MHC (major histocompatibility complex) matched donor-recipient. The aim of our study is to investigate the role of male antigen (HY) disparity on MHC matched pancreatic islet transplantation and to examine the mechanism of the immune reaction. Methods: Pancreatic islets were isolated and purified by collagen digestion followed by Ficoll gradient. The isolated islets of male C57BL6/J were transplanted underneath the kidney capsule of syngeneic female mice rendered diabetic with streptozotocine. Blood glucose was monitored for the rejection of engrafted islets. After certain period of time, tail to flank skin transplantation was performed either on mouse transplanted with HY mismatched islets or on sham treated mouse. The rejection was monitored by scoring gross pathology of the engrafted skin. Results: HY mismatched islets survived more than 300 days in 14 out of 15 mice. The acceptance of second party graft (male B6 islets) and the rejection of third party graft (male BALB/c islets) in these mice suggested the tolerance to islets with HY disparity. B6 Skin with HY disparity was rejected on day $25{\pm}7$. However, HY mismatched skin transplanted on the mice tolerated to HY mismatched islets survived more than 240 days. Tetramer staining in these mice indicated the CTL recognizing MHC Db/Uty was not deleted or anergized. Conclusion: The islet transplantation across HY disparity induced tolerance to HY antigen in C57BL6 mouse, which in turn induced tolerance to HY mismatched skin, which otherwise would be rejected within 25 days. The MHC tetramer staining suggested the underlying mechanisms would not be clonal deletion or anergy.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.714-720
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• 2000

Antigens of Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strain F were immunoblotted to identify the most immunodominant one, and the localization of this antigen was then studied using immunoelectron microscopy. The 67.8 kDa antigen appeared to be the most immunodominant one in a mouse model, and it showed randomly scattered and partially clustered distribution on the surface of the virion. The localization study was performed using immunogold with polyclonal anti-HSV-1 sera produced from BALB/c mice, and immunofluorescence demonstrated that the viral products in the HSV-2 infected Vero cells were distributed throughout the infected host cell, however, mainly on the surface of the host membrane.