• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.163-170
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• 1986

Balb/c mouse spleen cells in vitro sensitized against ICR spleen cells were cultured in conditioned media(CM). The CM was produced by ICR spleen cells stimulated with Concanavalin-A(Con-A), and sensitized lymphoid cells were grown in CM. ICR mouse spleen cells were appeared to be a good generator of IL-2. Optimal growth was seen in growth medium containing 20% fetal calf serum. and 25% CM. When cultures were initiated at 1, 5, $10{\times}10^4\;cells/ml$, the cells were increased in numbers by about 20, 13, 5-fold, respectively, every 9 days. Such growth pattern was sustained for about 4-6 weeks and thereafter the cell growth was diminished gradually. Direct immunofluorescence indicated that 93% of the lymphoid cells grown in CM(for 10 days) expressed Thyl surface antigen. And the cells grown in CM were cytotoxic to the sesitizing ICR mouse spleen cells though cytotoxicity level was not high. According to these results, the cells grown in CM were considered to be cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The lymphoid cells grown for 20 days were nearly unresponsive to Con-A and therefore dependent only IL-2 to be used for IL-2 assay.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.49-57
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• 2011

Objective : Allergic asthma is a chronic airway disease that affects millions of people in the developed world. The disease is characterized by concurring airway inflammation, Th2 cytokine production, increased mucus secretion, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to inhaled antigen, and pulmonary fibrosis. To investigate the therapeutic and anti-asthmatic effects of Drynariae Rhizoma (DR), we examined the influence of DR on the development of pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Methods : In this study, BALB/c mice were systemically sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) followed intratracheally, intraperitoneally, and by aerosol allergen challenges. We investigated the effect of DR on airway hyperresponsiveness, pulmonary eosinophilic infiltration, various immune cell phenotypes, Th2 cytokine production and OVA specific IgE production in a mouse model of asthma. Results : In asthmatic mice, we found that DR.treated groups had suppressed eosinophil infiltration, allergic airway inflammation and AHR by suppressing the production of IL-5, IL-13 and OVA specific IgE. Conclusions : Our data suggest that the therapeutic mechanism by which DR effectively treats asthma is based on reductions of Th2 cytokines (IL-5), eotaxin, OVA-specific IgE production and eosinophil infiltration.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.973-979
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• 2006

Cordyceps sinensis has been clinically used for the treatment of recovering fatigue, promoting the production of body fluid and qi, resolving sputum and arresting cough. Recent studies showed that Cordyceps sinensis produced immune-modulatory, anticarcinogenic and antioxidative effects. But, there are lack of studies regarding the effects of Cordyceps sinensis on the asthma. So, this study was performed to investigate the oral administrated effects of this herb against the disease. Asthma was induced to Balb/c mouse by i.p. injection and aerosol immunization with ovalbumin, and the change of the eosinophil number in the bronchoalveolar avage fluid(BALF) was observed. Concentrations of Interleukine-4(IL-4), Interleukine-5(IL-5) in BALF and splenocyte were assessed by ELISA, ImmunoglobinG(IgG) and ImmunoglobinE(IgE) from serum were calculated by same method. We found that the effects of Cordyceps sinensis in asthma mouse was implicated in reductions of IL-4, IL-S released from type2 T helper (Th2) cell, and decreases of IgE from plasma cell. These findings suggest that Cordyceps sinensis can produce anti-asthmatic effect, which may play a role in allergen-induced asthma therapy.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2008

Mutant mouse which show dwarfism has been developed by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis using BALB/c mice. The mutant mouse was inherited as autosomal recessive trait and named Small Body Size (SBS) mouse. The phenotype of SBS mouse was not apparent at birth, but it was possible to distinguish mutant phenotype from normal mice 1 week after birth. In this study, we examined body weight changes and bone mineral density (BMD), and we also carried out genetic linkage analysis to map the causative gene(s) of SBS mouse. Body weight changes were observed from birth to 14 weeks of age in both affected (n = 30) and normal mice (n = 24). BMD was examined in each five SBS and normal mice between 3 and 6 weeks of age, respectively. For the linkage analysis, we produced backcross progeny [(SBS${\times}$C57BL/6J) $F_1{\times}$ SBS] $N_2$ mice (n = 142), and seventy-four microsatellite markers were used for primary linkage analysis. Body weight of affected mice was consistently lower than that of the normal mice, and was 43.7% less than that of normal mice at 3 weeks of age (P < 0.001). As compared with normal mice at 3 and 6 weeks of age, BMD of the SBS mice was significantly low. The results showed 15.5% and 14.1 % lower in total body BMD, 15.3% and 8.7% lower in forearm BMD, and 29.7% and 20.1% lower in femur BMD, respectively. The causative gene was mapped on chromosome 10. The map order and the distance between markers were D10Mit248 - 2.1 cM - D10Mit51 - 4.2 cM - sbs - 0.7 cM - D10Mit283 - 1.4cM - D10Mit106 - 11.2cM - D10Mit170.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.181-188
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was to verify the Attributive Channel theory of herbal medicine. Methods : [13lI]iodocurcumin was synthesized, separated, and refined from curcumin, the major component of Curcuma species, followed by observing the biodistribution in an organism. Especially, from the fact that curcumin has shown to possess potent anti-carcinogenic properties, the biodistribution in the carcinogenesis organism was analyzed. Result : Iodocurcumin 23mg was obtained through column chromatography after a reaction with 50mg of Curcumin and ICl. The nominal yield of [13lI]iodocurcumin synthesis was 35% when checked with radioactive layer of chromatography. [13lI]iodocurcumin was most largely distributed in the stomach of a BALB/c mouse and a C57BL/6 mouse transplanted with Lewis lung carcinoma cell. Conclusion : The fact that [13lI]iodocurcumin was most largely distributed in the stomach was related with the Attributive Channel theory. And there was no significant finding related to tumor cells.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.302-306
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• 1998

In the previous study we described the antitumor activity of GLB, a protein-polysaccharide fraction of the growing tips of Ganoderma lucidum, against sarcoma 180 solid tu mor in ICR mice. In this study we investigated the stimulatory activity of GLB on macrophages. When analyzed using a flow cytometer, GLB ($100{\mu}g/ml$) was found to increase the phagocytic activity of the BALB/c mouse peritoneal macrophages as well as chicken macrophage BM2CL cells against FITC-labeled C.albicans by 55.2% and 21.2%, respectively. GLB also increased the spreading and the expression of MHC class II molecules of BM2CL cells as well as the mouse peritoneal macrophages. From these results, it is clear that GLB is a strong stimulator to the macrophages.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.279-283
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• 2008

To examine humoral immune responses in the host, we measured serum antibody levels in different strains of mice (ICR, BALB/c, and C3H) experimentally infected with Neodiplostomum seoulense. Specific IgG antibody levels were increased remarkably with little difference among 3 strains of mice infected with N. seoulense from day 7 to 35 post-infection. More target proteins of adult parasites reacted with IgG at the time when the worm recovery decreased compared with other times. More than 20 protein bands, from 14 kDa to 94 kDa in size, were separated from the crude antigen of N. seoulense adults by SDS-PAGE, and among them 26, 30, 35, 43, 54, 67, and 94 kDa proteins were the major antigenic proteins. The results suggest that significant IgG antibody responses occur against N. seoulense in mice and this may be related with expulsion of worms.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.301-306
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• 2004

Anxiety in mice can be measured by behavioral reactivity to social or non-social stressors. These behaviors were compared by performing the resident-intruder test (social) as well as the light-dark transition and open-field tests (non-social) for the FVB, C57BL/6, and BALB/c lines of mouse. The three inbred lines showed significant differences in their responses to intruder mice. Three factors, accounting for about 68% of the total variance, were extracted from the scores obtained from the three behavioral tests. The first two major factors are primarily associated with the anxiety-related behaviors. One includes anxiety behaviors with a locomotive basis, while the other includes defecation measured in both anxiety tests. The third factor explains the three social behaviors, facial investigation, ano-genital investigation, and following, observed in the resident intruder test, although facial investigation is also moderately associated with the second factor. The results indicate that the behavioral responses to an intruder share a component distinct from anxiety-related behaviors.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.315-324
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• 2001

To investigate the capacity of anti-inflammatory cytokines and biological response modifiers (BRMs) to induce IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ gene overexpression from mouse macrophages, we isolated the resident peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mouse (8 week old) and incubated for 6 h with lipopolysaccaride (LPS) and Moschus moschiferus (MOMS) extracts. Analysis of inflammatory cytokines gene expression was carried out by RT-PCR amplification. Amplified PCR products were electrophoresed on 1.2% agarose gel, and the analysis (Ht) was used to 1D-density program. 1. LPS and MOMS extract treatments resulted in a significant decrease in IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA expression level compared with the LPS treatment. 2. Among four sample of MOMS, Inhibitory effects of MOMS-A and MOMS-D for inflammatory cytokines gene expression were to be fine compared with the MOMS-Band MOMS-C. According to the above data, Because the anti- tumoral and anti-inflammatory response activities of macrophage are known to be dependent on the production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$) by macrophages, we suggest that evaluations of BRM for the reduction of inflammatory cytokines production by macrophages are important for clinical application.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.211-217
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• 2019

Research has established a strong connection between a diet rich in antioxidants and a decreased incidence of cardiovascular disease and cancer. These diets prominently feature fruits and vegetables containing high amounts of vitamins A, B, C and E, carotenoids, and minerals. Different processing conditions for these foods can alter their nutrient complement and potency. This study compared the antioxidant properties of a range of processed fruits and vegetables to see which yielded the highest level of antioxidant activity. We used an acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress mouse model to evaluate the antioxidant effects of extracts of processed apple, pear, carrot, cabbage, broccoli, and radish. Our results showed that the administration of these fruits decreased the expression of oxidative stress indicators such as ALT, AST, catalase, superoxide dismutase, GPx, and 8-OHdG. They also significantly protected mice livers from APAP-induced damage, as shown by histological evaluation. Our results have demonstrated the positive effects of processed fruits and vegetables in a mouse model of oxidative stress.