• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.91-94
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• 2018

We develop a time-temperature indicator (TTI) that can determine whether thawing of fish and other fishery products has occurred during frozen storage. A polypropylene tube with an internal diameter of 3 mm was prepared and cut to a length of 14 to 20 mm. One end of the tube was thermally sealed and 0.1% acetic acid was injected into the other end; the tube was then frozen at $20^{\circ}C$. Then the open side of the frozen tube was blocked by sinking the tube into a 10% gelatin solution. The tube was attached to a polyvinyl packaging bag along blue litmus paper and the bag was put into a freezer at $-20^{\circ}C$. After freezing, the bag was removed to an ambient temperature of $20^{\circ}C$, and the time dependence of the color change of the litmus paper was observed. The color changed from blue to red, with the length of the red region increasing with time. Our TTI can be used as a part of a visible detection system and the detection program can conduct the elapsed time analysis on the length of the red region of the litmus paper indicating the degree of thawing. Thus, the TTI is a useful tool in the temperature management of frozen fish and fishery products.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.179-190
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• 1989

The experimental study for extracorporeal preservation of the heart-lung preparation by autoperfusion system was performed in 10 dogs. Under intravenous Pentothal endotracheal anesthesia bilateral thoracotomies were performed. A 24F cannula connected to a plastic reservoir bag located 100 cm above the level of the heart was introduced into the aortic arch. Left subclavian, innominate artery, and descending aorta were ligated and divided. Both vena cavae were ligated and divided after the bag was half filled with blood. A 24F catheter inserted into right atrium and connected to the plastic bag in order to keep constant the preload. The thoracic trachea was intubated and the lungs were ventilated. The heart-lung preparations were removed en bloc and floated in a $34^{\circ}C$ bath of Hartmann solution. The preparations were observed for from 2 hours to 8 hours, with the average of 5.2 hours. Hemodynamic and hematologic variables were measured during preharvest and autoperfusion. The pH revealed severe respiratory alkalosis due to very low $PaCO_2$ during autoperfusion ; $PaO_2$ remained constant for 130-140 mmHg; $A-aDO_2$ increased markedly. The static inspiratory pressure [SIP] at late autoperfusion [6hr] increased significantly as compared with at early autoperfusion [2hr]. There was no difference between white blood cell counts from right atrium and those of left atrium. Heart rates remained constant for 110-120/min; cardiac outputs maintained to approximately 0.6L/min; mean aortic pressures, 75 mmHg; mean pulmonary arterial pressures, 15-18 mmHg; mean right atrial pressures, 9-13 mmHg; mean left atrial pressures, 12 mmHg lower than those of right atrium. Serum Na maintained with normal range during autoperfusion; K increased significantly; Ca decreased progressively. Hemoglobin and hematocrit decreased significantly during autoperfusion. The study demonstrated that stable hemodynamics could be maintained throughout the experiment and the preparation of the lung seemed to be inadequate, especially after 3-4 hours, such as high $A-aDO_2$, increased SIP, and scattered atelectasis and edema in their gross appearances.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.2952-2971
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• 2016

Outsourcing jobs to a public cloud is a cost-effective way to address the problem of satisfying the peak resource demand when the local cloud has insufficient resources. In this paper, we studied the management of deadline-constrained bag-of-tasks jobs on hybrid clouds. We presented a binary nonlinear programming (BNP) problem to model the hybrid cloud management which minimizes rent cost from the public cloud while completes the jobs within their respective deadlines. To solve this BNP problem in polynomial time, we proposed a heuristic algorithm. The main idea is assigning the task closest to its deadline to current core until the core cannot finish any task within its deadline. When there is no available core, the algorithm adds an available physical machine (PM) with most capacity or rents a new virtual machine (VM) with highest cost-performance ratio. As there may be a workload imbalance between/among cores on a PM/VM after task assigning, we propose a task reassigning algorithm to balance them. Extensive experimental results show that our heuristic algorithm saves 16.2%-76% rent cost and improves 47.3%-182.8% resource utilizations satisfying deadline constraints, compared with first fit decreasing algorithm, and that our task reassigning algorithm improves the makespan of tasks up to 47.6%.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.111-131
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to compare the difference between Beijing and Seoul in women's winter street fashion, and suggest strategic methods to improve new competitiveness of the Korean fashion industry. The research was conducted by literature review and empirical research and photographs of winter street style were directly taken by a digital camera from December 28, 2008 to January 8, 2009. The survey was made at 9~11 A.M., 12~1 P.M., and 3~5 P.M. during midweek and weekend. Then 530 photographs(265 each city) of women of the 20s and 30s were selected by random sampling and five fashion professional including this researcher classified styles in accord with majority opinion on careful investigation. The results of comparing the 2008 winter street fashion in Beijing and Seoul show the highest frequency of easy casual style. In detail, while high frequency was found in romantic, classic, feminine, and romantic casual style in Seoul, easy casual and character casual style was prevalent in Beijing. The same frequency of sport casual style illustrates no differences between two cities. Unlike the prediction of the fashion industry that the preference of sport casual style would be increased under the influence of the Beijing Olympics 2008, high preference of easy casual reflects that Chinese women were more sensitive to the changes of their consumption trend. In clothing color, the achromatic color was prevalent in street style in Seoul, whereas multi-color were preferred in Beijing, suggesting a great difference. In the case of accessories, both areas preferred a tot bag but Beijing women preferred active shoulder bag and cross bag in sport casual style. Seoul women preferred pumps and sneakers, whereas Beijing women liked boots of different length according to style.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.76-81
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• 2014

이 연구는 RespiTrainer를 활용한 백밸브마스크 환기에서 1인 백밸브마스크, 2인 백밸브마스크, 전문기도삽관 별 호흡량과 기도압을 비교 분석하였다. 실험기간은 2014년 6월 2일부터 6월 10일까지이며, 수집된 자료는 SPSS 18.0을 이용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 기관내삽관을 통한 환기 $497{\pm}78mL$, 2인 BVM 환기 $479{\pm}91mL$를 보였고, 1인 BVM 환기와 킹후두관기도기, 후두마스크 환기에서 각각 $386{\pm}59mL$, $365{\pm}05mL$, $351{\pm}35mL$를 보였다. 기도압에서도 기관내삽관을 통한 BVM 환기에서 가장 높은 기도압(11.67 cm $H_2O$)을 보였다. 결과적으로 기관내삽관을 통한 BVM 환기와 2인 BVM 환기에서 1/3 백 압착법은 적절하였다.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2008

The effect of light intensity on the ozone formation and the aerosol number concentration during the photochemical reactions of ambient air was investigated in an indoor smog chamber. The smog chamber consists of a housing, 64 blacklights, and a $2.5-m^3$ reaction bag made of Teflon film. The bag was filled with the unfiltered ambient air in Seoul from January 10 to March 18, 2002. In this work, the photolysis rate of $NO_2$, $k_1$ was used as an index of light intensity. Three levels of light intensity were controlled by changing the number of blacklights turned on among 64 blacklights: $0.29min^{-1}$ (50%), $0.44min^{-1}$ (75%), $0.57min^{-1}$ (100%). The ozone concentration increased rapidly within 10 minutes after irradiation irrespective of light intensity, thereafter it increased linearly during the irradiation. The ozone production rate seems to be dependent on both the light intensity and the quality of ambient air introduced into the reaction bag. The change in aerosol number concentration also depended on both the light intensity and the ambient air quality, especially aerosol size distribution. Based on the initial ambient aerosol size distributions, the photochemical potential for aerosol formation and growth is classified into two cases. One is the case showing aerosol formation and growth processes, and the other is the case showing no apparent change in particle size distribution.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.51-64
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to develop smart bags that combining fashion-specific trends and smart information technologies such as light-emitting diodes(LED) and optic fibers by grafting marquage techniques that have recently become popular as part of eco-fashion. We applied e-textiles by designing leather tote bags that could show off LED luminescence. A total of two tote bags, a white-colored peacock design and a black-colored paisley design, divided the LED's light-emitting method into two types, incremental lighting and random light-emission to suit each design, and the locations of the optical fibers were also reversed depending upon the design. The production of circuits for the LEDs and optical fibers was based on the design, and a flexible conductive fabric was laser-cut instead of wire line and attached to the circuit-line location. A separate connector was underwent three-dimensional(3D)-modeling and was connected to high-luminosity LEDs and optic fiber bundles. The optical fiber logo part expressed a subtle image using a white-colored LED, which did not offset the LED's sharp luminous effects, suggesting that using LEDs with fiber optics allowed for the expression of each in harmony without being heterogeneous. Overall, the LEDs and fiber optic fabric were well-harmonized in the fashion bag using marquage techniques, and there was no sense of it being a mechanical device. Also, the circuit part was made of conductive fabric, which is an e-textile product that feels the same as a thin, flexible fabric. The study confirmed that the bag was developed as a smart wearable product that could be used in everyday life.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.200-204
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• 2001

'부유' 단감의 MA포장 조건에 따라 $0^{\circ}C$ 저온저장 중 포장내 공기조성 및 과실의 품질 변화를 조사하였다. 처리내용은 포장방법을 1개 열접착, 5개 열접착, 5개 손결속으로 하고, 포장지 두께는 각각 0.03 ㎜, 0.05 ㎜, 0.06 ㎜로 하였다. 조사 결과, 저장 중 포장내 free-volume은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 특히 열접착 처리구의 free-volume은 처리간 시기적 차이는 있었으나 저장 중 완전히 감소하였다. free-volume의 감소 속도는 포장단위가 크고, 포장지 두께가 얇을수록 빨랐다. 저장중 포장내 산소 농도는 $1.1{\sim}17.1%$, 이산화탄소 농도는 $1.1{\sim}8.3%$ 수준이었고, 저장기간 중 산소 농도는 감소하고, 이산화탄소는 증가하는 경향이었고 포장지가 얇을수록 산소 농도는 높고 이산화탄소 농도는 낮았다. 또한 저장중 이산화탄소 농도가 $4.0{\sim}8.3%$ 수준으로 높게 유지되고, 산소 농도가 $1.1{\sim}4.0%$로 낮게 안정상태로 유지된 0.05 ㎜, 0.06 ㎜ 5개 포장구에서 경도가 높게 유지되었으나, 저장 20주 후 이산화탄소 농도가 8.3%까지 높아진 0.06 ㎜ 5개 열접착 포장구에서 과육갈변과의 발생이 가장 많았다. 반면 산소 농도가 상대적으로 높고 이산화탄소 농도가 비교적 낮은 0.03 ㎜ 포장구와 1개 포장구는 과피흑변과의 발생이 많았다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.73-77
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• 1978

청도반시와 사곡시 두 품종(品種)을 polyethylene film의 두께와 포장(包裝) bag내(內)의 과실개체수(果實個體數)에 따라 구분저장(區分貯藏)하였을 저장시일(貯藏時日)의 경과(經過)에 따른 성분변화(成分變化)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 중량감소(重量減少)에 있어서, 청도반시는 50개(個) 포장(包裝)의 0.04mm구(區)가, 사곡시는 10개포장(個包裝)의 0.08mm구(區)와 50개포장(個包裝)의 0.04mm구(區)가 가장 감소(減少)가 적었다. 2. 경도(硬度)의 변화(變化)에 있어서 청도반시, 사곡시 모두 50개포장(個包裝)의 0.04mm구(區)가 가장 감소(減少)가 적었다. 3. 유리산(遊離酸)의 감소(減少)에서 청도반시는 50개포장(個包裝)의 0.04mm구(區)가, 사곡시는 10개포장(個包裝)의 0.06mm구(區) 및 50개포장(個包裝)의 0.04mm구(區)가 감소율(減少率)이 낮았다. 4. 당도(糖度)의 변화(變化)에서, 10개포장(個包裝)의 0.06mm구(區) 및 0.08mm구(區)와 50개포장(個包裝)의 0.04mm구(區)가 감소(減少)가 적었다. 사곡시는 10개포장(個包裝) 및 50개포장(個包裝)의 0.04mm구(區)가 가장 감소(減少)가 적었다. 5. 가용성(可溶性) tannin의 함량변화(含量變化)에 있어서 청도반시와 사곡시 두 품종(品種) 모두 3개(個) 포장(包裝)과 10개포장(個包裝)의 0.04mm구(區)가 타구(他區)에 비(比)해 잔존량(殘存量)이 많았다. 한편 두 품종(品種) 공(共)히 50개포장(個包裝)의 전구(全區)가 저장말기(貯藏末期)에 tannin함량(含量)이 적어서 삽미(澁味)가 거의 느껴지지 않았다. 이상의 결과(結果)를 종합(綜合) 할 때 청도반시와 사곡시의 P.E film저장(貯藏)의 최적조건(最適條件)은 두 품종(品種) 모두 0.04mm film bag에 50개(個) 포장(包裝)하는 것임을 알수 있었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.346-350
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• 2009

목 적 : 요로 감염이 의심되는 2세 미만의 소아는 소변을 가릴 수 없기 때문에, 일반적으로 소변 주머니를 이용하여 소변 검사를 시행한다. 이 검사 방법은 비칩습적인 검사이지만 오염률이 높은 단점이 있다. 이에 저자들은 소변 주머니를 이용한 소변 배양 검사의 오염률에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 인자들에 대하여 알아보았다. 방 법 : 2007년 1월부터 2007년 12월까지 중앙대학교병원 소아청소년과에 내원한 환아들 중 소변 주머니를 이용한 소변 배양 검사에서 단일균이 10만개 이상 자란 환아들을 대상으로 하였다. 소변 주머니를 재부착하였던 환아들을 제외하고, 요로 감염인 환아와 오염인 환아로 분류하여, 환아의 성별, 소변 주머니를 붙인 뒤 채취에 걸린 시간, 설사 증상의 동반 유무가 오염률에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 조사하였다. 결 과 : 872명 중에서717명의 환아가 연구에 포함되었고 환아이들 중 중 남아는 412명, 여아는 305명이었다. 37.9%의 오염률을 보였고, 성별과 오염률은 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다 (P>0.05). 소변 주머니를 붙인 뒤 소변 채취에 걸린 시간이 길어질수록 오염률이 증가하였고, 2시간 이내, 4시간 이내, 4시간 이상 10시간 이내로 세 군으로 나누어 오염률을 확인하였을 때 각각 30.0%, 42.2%, 43.7%로 통계학적으로 유의하게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다(P=0.001). 내원 당시 설사 증상의 동반 여부는 배양 검사의 오염률에 영향을 미치지 않았다(P>0.05). 결 론 : 성별 및 설사 증상 유무는 소변 주머니를 이용한 소변 배양 검사의 결과에 영향을 주지 않으며, 요로 감염이 의심되는 2세 미만의 환아에게서 2시간 이내에 소변 채취시에는 정확도를 높일 수 있다. 따라서 소변 주머니를 붙인 뒤 2시간 이상 경과된 환아에게서 독성 증상이 없다면 재소독 후 재부착을 실시하는 것이 오염률을 줄이는데 도움이 될 것으로 보인다.