• Molecules and Cells
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.289-293
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• 2005

BAF53 is an actin-related protein that shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm. In the nucleus, it constitutes an integral component of many chromatin-modifying complexes such as the SWI/SNF, TIP60, TRRAP, and TIP48/49 complexes. BAF53 is essential for growth, but its function remains elusive. BAF53 homologues from yeast to humans have a conserved N-terminal motif, MS_(G/A)(G/A)__(V/L)YGG, which is unique to these proteins. Previously we showed that over-expression of an N-terminal deletion mutant of BAF53 ($BAF53_-{\Delta}N$) reduced the viability of HEK293 and HeLa cells. When we replaced the serine 2 and tyrosine 6 of this N-terminal motif with alanine, over-expression of the alanine-replaced BAF53 strongly impaired the growth of HEK293 cells whereas replacement with aspartate/glutamate had no effect. The alanine-replaced BAF53 mutants also stimulated p53-dependent transcription, in which the SWI/SNF and TRRAP complexes are involved. Our results demonstrate that serine 2 and tyrosine 6 play important roles in BAF53 activity.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.183-188
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• 2005

INI1/hSNF5/BAF47 is a core component of the hSWI/ SNF ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex, and it has been implicated in regulating gene expression, cell division and tumorigenesis. We investigated whether INI1/hSNF5/BAF47 functions in activation of the colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) promoter in HeLa cells. Overexpression of INI1/hSNF5/BAF47 promoted CSF1 transcription, and siRNA targeting INI1/hSNF5/ BAF47 (siINI1) strongly inhibited the activity of the CSF1 promoter. We demonstrated that all conserved domains of INI1/hSNF5/BAF47 are needed for CSF1 transcription. ChIP experiment showed that INI1/ hSNF5/BAF47 is recruited to the region of the CSF1 promoter. Taken together, these results indicate that INI1/hSNF5/BAF47 is involved in activation of the CSF1 promoter.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.84 no.3
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• pp.209-216
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• 2021

Background: Endobronchial lung cancer (EBLC) and bronchial anthracofibrosis (BAF) share similar symptoms and radiological findings. The aim of this study was to describe clinical and radiological differences between BAF and EBLC, both of which were confirmed by bronchoscopy. Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients with BAF or EBLC from 2008 to 2014. Data were derived from a bronchoscopy registry made since January 1, 2008. Clinical and radiological characteristics of both diseases were analyzed. Results: Among 3,214 patients who underwent bronchoscopy, 167 and 117 patients were enrolled in BAF and EBLC groups, respectively. BAF occurred more predominantly in older non-smoking female patients with a higher chance of tuberculosis (38.3%) than EBLC (6.0%). Cough, sputum, and dyspnea were common symptoms reported for both groups. Bronchoscopic findings revealed that BAF lesions were more common in multiple lobar bronchi (85.0%) or bilateral bronchi (73.7%). Radiologic findings revealed that bronchial stenosis was the most commonly found lesion in both groups (49.1% and 78.6%, respectively). Rates of peribronchial calcification and bronchial wall thickening were higher in the BAF group. The number of patients with lymph node calcification was also higher in the BAF group. Conclusion: Results of this study demonstrated characteristics of clinical and radiologic findings of BAF and EBLC. Increasing the awareness of both diseases may help clinicians differentiate these two diseases from each other, thus avoiding unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.68 no.2
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• pp.67-73
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• 2010

Background: In previous study, most patients with bronchial anthracofibrosis (BAF) were non-miners, and non-occupational old aged females. However, the clinical significance of BAF in patients with coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) is unknown. Methods: Among patients with CWP who transferred to our hospital for an evaluation of associated pulmonary diseases, 32 patients who had undergone a bronchofibroscopy (BFS) and chest computed tomography (CT) examination were evaluated for the association of the BAF using a retrospective chart review. Results: Nine of the 32 CWP patients (28%) were complicated with BAF. Four of the 16 simple CWP patients (25%) were complicated with BAF. According to the International Labor Organization (ILO) classification by profusion, 2 out of 3 patients in category 1, 1 out of 8 patients in category 2 and 1 out of 3 patients in category 3 were complicated with BAF. Five out of 16 complicated CWP patients were complicated with BAF. Three out of 7 patients in type A and 2 out of 5 patients in type C were complicated with BAF. CWP patients with BAF had significantly greater multiple bronchial thickening and multiple mediastinal or hilar lymph node enlargement than the CWP patients without BAF. There was no difference in the other clinical features between the CWP patients with BAF and those without BAF. Conclusion: Many CWP patients were complicated with BAF. The occurrence of BAF was not associated with the severity of CWP progression. Therefore, a careful evaluation of the airway with a bronchoscopy examination and chest CT is warranted for BAF complicated CWP patients who present with respiratory symptoms and signs, even ILO class category 1 simple CWP patients.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.114-122
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• 1994

A cold temperature control system for the BAF(batch annealing furnace) has been established in order to reduce energy consumption to imrpove productivity and stabilize the properties of products. Therefore we confirmed a relation between annealing cycle time and atmospheric gas, changing annealing cycle time according to BAF temperature with time during heating and actual temperature measurements cold spot during soaking. The results of the temperature variation effect on the batch annealing are as follows. 1) Cooling rate is increasing gradually with increasing atmospheric gas flow, but heating rate is hardly increasing without atmospheric gas component. Heating time is reduced to one half with increasing atmospheric gas flow rate and changing of atmospheric gas component from HNx to Ax gas and annealing cycle time is reduce to 2.7 times. 2) With enlarging the difference between furnace temperature and soaking temperature at the HNx BAF, heating time becomes short, but cooling time is indifferent. 3) If temperature difference of 300.deg. C in the temperature change of cold spot according to the annealing cycle control temperature, Hi-CON/H2BAF is interchanging at each other at 26hours, but HNxBAF at 50 hours. 4) Soaking time at batch annealing cycle determination is made a decision by the input coil width, and soaking time for quality homogenization of 1219 mm width coil must be 2.5 hours longer then that of 914mm width coil for the same coil weight at Hi-CON/H2BAF. But, it is necessary to make 2 hours longer at HNxBAF.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.77 no.3
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• pp.124-131
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• 2014

Background: Bronchial anthracofibrosis (BAF), which is associated with exposure to biomass smoke in inefficiently ventilated indoor areas, can take the form of obstructive lung disease. Patients with BAF can mimic or present with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The purpose of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of BAF in Korean patients with COPD exacerbation as well as to examine the clinical features of these patients in order to determine its clinical relevance. Methods: A total of 206 patients with COPD exacerbation were divided into BAF and non-BAF groups, according to computed tomography findings. We compared both clinical and radiologic variables between the two groups. Results: Patients with BAF (51 [25%]) were older, with a preponderance of nonsmoking women; moreover, they showed a more frequent association with exposure to wood smoke compared to those without BAF. However, no differences in the severity of illness and clinical course between the two groups were observed. Patients in the BAF group had less severe airflow obstruction, but more common and severe pulmonary hypertension signs than those in the non-BAF group. Conclusion: Compared with non-BAF COPD, BAF may be associated with milder airflow limitation and more frequent signs of pulmonary hypertension with a more severe grade in patients presenting with COPD exacerbation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.837-848
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• 2006

This paper presents the test results of biological aerated filtration(BAF) process to replace activated sludge process by enhancing treated effluent quality and reducing the costs. In BAF process both BOD and SS compounds in wastewater are degraded and removed by biological reaction and filtration. Upflow BAF with expanded polypropylene media and downflow BAF with ceramic media were used to investigate the effects of hydraulic and organic loads on effluent quality. As a result, in BAF processes which has different media, upflow BAF reactor shows 5% higher efficiency than downflow BAF and this phenomena caused by backwashing methods and operational conditions. The results of influence factors analyzed by Factor Analysis Method in BOD and SS treatment efficiency are the size of media, hight of media bed and type of media. The quantitative effects of media size are 5.73% in TBOD, 5.78% in SBOD and 7.65% in TSS, so we confirmed the main factor is media size.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.183-189
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• 2012

It has been suggested that chromatin is organized into the stable structures that provide fundamental units of chromosome architecture in interphase mammalian cells. The stable structures of chromatin can be visualized as replication foci when replicating DNA is labeled with thymidine analogs. Previously, we showed that the chromosome territory expanded after BAF53 knockdown. In this study, we found that BAF53 is required for the formation of replication foci. DNA replication was not impaired in BAF53 knockdown cells, suggesting that the decrease in the number of replication foci is due to disintegration of replication foci, but not suppression of DNA replication. The attractive forces that maintain structural integrity of replication foci could be disrupted by BAF53 knockdown, and it may be responsible, at least in part, for the expansion of chromosome territories after BAF53 knockdown.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.55-65
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• 1999

AF(anaerobic filter)/BAF(biological aerated filter) system and UASB(upflow anaerobic sludge blanket)/BAF system, of which system effluents were recirculated to the anaerobic reactors in each system, were operated in order to investigate the performance in simultaneous removal of organics and nitrogen in high-strength dairy wastewater. Advanced anaerobic treatment processes of AF and UASB were evaluated on applicability as pre-denitrification reactors, and BAF was also evaluated on the performance in oxidizing the remaining organics and ammonia nitrogen. At system HRTs of 4.0 to 4.5 days and recirculation ratios of one to three, the AF/BAF system could achieve more than 99% of organics removals and 64 to 78% of total nitrogen removals depending upon the recirculation ratio. Although the UASB/BAF system also showed more than 99% of organics removals, total nitrogen removals in the UASB/BAF system were 53 to 66% which are lower than those in the AF/BAF system at the corresponding recirculation ratios. Optimum recirculation ratios considering simultaneous removal of organics and nitrogen and cost-effectiveness, were in the range of two to three. The upflow AF packed with crossflow module media, as a primary treatment of the anaerobic reactor/BAF system, showed better performances in denitrification, SS removals, and gas production than the UASB. Higher loading rate of suspended solids from the UASB increased the backwashing times in the following BAF. Especially, at a recirculation ratio of three in the UASB/BAF system, the increase in head loss due to clogging in the BAF caused frequent backwashing, at least once d day. The BAF showed the high nitrification efficiency of average 99.2% and organics removals more than 90% at organics loading rate less than $1.4KgCOD/m^3/d$ and $COD/NH_3-N$ ratio less than 6.4. It was proved that the simplified anaerobic reactor/BAF system could maximize the organics removal and achieve high nitrogen removal efficiencies through recirculation of system effluents to the anaerobic reactor. The AF/BAF system can, especially, be a cost effective and competitive alternative for the simultaneous removal of organics ana nitrogen from wastewaters.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.224-228
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• 2004

Background: The expression of BRG1 associated factors (BAF) 155 and BAF 170 in response to $IFN-{\gamma}$ or $TNF-{\alpha}$ was studied in astrocytoma cell lines and primary astrocytes. BAFs are complexed with BRG1 and are also associated with activated glucocorticoid for glucocorticoid trans-activation. Methods: $IFN-{\gamma}$ was pretreated for 18 hrs and cells were incubated with IL-1 or $TNF-{\alpha}$ for 72 hrs or 96 hrs with different concentrations of steroid. Cell death was measured by LDH assay. BAF expression was assayed by RT-PCR. Results: $IFN-{\gamma}$ increased cell death by dexamethasone in LN215 cells but not in LN319 cells. The $IFN-{\gamma}$ increased the expression of BAF 155 and BAF 170 in adult astrocytes and LN215 cells, but $IFN-{\gamma}$ decreased the expression of BAF 155/170 in LN319 cells. The effect of $IFN-{\gamma}$ on the expression of BAF was not as clear in fetal astrocytes as it was in adult astrocytes. Conclusion: Our results suggest cytokines produced during immune reaction or immunotherapy may modulate steroid susceptibility of astrocytes and astrocytoma cells by influencing the expression of BAFs.