• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.1558-1564
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• 2018

Objective: We report monitoring conservation effect for a Chinese indigenous chicken (Langshan) breed using major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and DNA barcords. Methods: The full length of MHC B-G gene and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene in generations 0, 5, 10, 15, 16, and 17 was measured using re-sequencing and sequencing procedures, respectively. Results: There were 292 single nucleotide polymorphisms of MHC B-G gene identified in six generations. Heterozygosity (He) and polymorphic information content (PIC) of MHC B-G gene in generations 10, 15, 16, and 17 remained stable. He and PIC of MHC B-G gene were different in six generations, with G10, G15, G16, G17 >G5>G0 (p<0.05). For the COI gene, there were five haplotypes in generations 0, 5, 10, 15, 16, and 17. Where Hap2 and Hap4 were the shared haplotypes, 164 individuals shared Hap2 haplotypes, while Hap1 and Hap3 were the shared haplotypes in generations 0 and 5 and Hap5 was a shared haplotype in generations 10, 15, 16, and 17. The sequence of COI gene in 6 generations was tested by Tajima's and D value, and the results were not significant, which were consistent with neutral mutation. There were no differences in generations 10, 15, 16, and 17for measured phenotypic traits. In other generations, for annual egg production, with G5, G10, G15, G16, G17>G0 (p<0.05). For age at the first egg and age at sexual maturity, with G10, G15, G16, G17>G5>G0 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Combined with the results of COI gene DNA barcodes, MHC B-G gene, and phenotypic traits we can see that genetic diversity remained stable from generations 10 to 17 and the equimultiple random matching pedigrees conservation population conservation effect of Langshan chicken was effective as measured by these criteria.

• Mycobiology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.379-384
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• 2017

In mating of Lentinula edodes, dikaryotic strains generated from certain monokaryotic strains such as the B2 used in this study tend to show better quality of fruiting bodies regardless of the mated monokaryotic strains. Unlike B2, dikaryotic strains generated from B16 generally show low yields, with deformed or underdeveloped fruiting bodies. This indicates that the two nuclei in the cytoplasm do not contribute equally to the physiology of dikaryotic L. edodes, suggesting an expression bias in the allelic genes of the two nuclei. To understand the role of each nucleus in dikaryotic strains, we investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in laccase genes of monokaryotic strains to reveal nuclear origin of the expressed mRNAs in dikaryotic strain. We performed reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) analysis using total RNAs extracted from dikaryotic strains (A5B2, A18B2, and A2B16) as well as from compatible monokaryotic strains (A5, A18, and B2 for A5B2 and A18B2; A2 and B16 for A2B16). RT-PCR results revealed that Lcc1, Lcc2, Lcc4, Lcc7, and Lcc10 were the mainly expressed laccase genes in the L. edodes genome. To determine the nuclear origin of these laccase genes, the genomic DNA sequences in monokaryotic strains were analyzed, thereby revealing five SNPs in Lcc4 and two in Lcc7. Subsequent sequence analysis of laccase mRNAs expressed in dikaryotic strains revealed that these were almost exclusively expressed from B2-originated nuclei in A5B2 and A18B2 whereas B16 nucleus did not contribute to laccase expression in A2B16 strain. This suggests that B2 nucleus dominates the expression of allelic genes, thereby governing the physiology of dikaryons.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.411-416
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• 2005

We have designed an extended L-band Erbium-doped fiber amplifier to amplify 1625 nm optical time domain reflectometry signal for a long distance monitoring system. The proposed amplifier has a dual-stage structure without an isolator. Gain improvement of 5.1 dB has been achieved by adding a fiber Bragg grating and a narrow band pass filter. As a result, the 16.3 dB gain and 7.1 dB noise figure has been successfully accomplished.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1976-1988
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• 1996

This paper describes TCM(trellis coded modulation) schemes using 32VSB signal for digital CATV system. First we design optimum encoder with code rate 4/5 for 32VSB by using one dimenstional signal constellation and obtain 0.75-4.38 dB coding gains over the existing uncoded 16VSB. Second by using two dimensional signal constellation we design TCM encoders with code rate 9/10, which are better in the power efficienty (0.5-2.27 dB) and the transmission rate(12.5%), and we also design TCM encoders which have more coding gains than one dimensional TCM encoders for the larger number of states(more than 8 states).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.320-326
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• 2017

This study investigated the water extracts of fallen pear (FPWE) on tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis. In the present study, we examined the effects of FPWE on mushroom tyrosinase activity in vitro, B16F10 melanoma cell tyrosinase activity, melanin contents, and expression of melanogenic enzyme proteins such as tyrosinase. An apparent down-regulatory effect on tyrosinase activity was observed when B16F10 cells were incubated with FPWE. Results of melanin assay using B16F10 cells treated with different concentrations (50, 125, and $250{\mu}g/mL$) of FPWE showed a dose-dependent decrease in melanin content. To determine whether or not FPWE indirectly affects tyrosinase activity, we assessed mushroom tyrosinase activity upon treatment with various concentrations (125, 250, 500, and $1,000{\mu}g/mL$) of FPWE. In addition, we investigated changes in the protein level of tyrosinase by using Western blotting. Tyrosinase and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor expression levels in B16F10 melanoma cells were reduced in a dose-dependent manner by FPWE. These results suggest that FPWE reduced melanin formation by inhibition of tyrosinase activity. Therefore, we suggest that FPWE could be used an effective whitening agent for skin.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.211-218
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• 2011

Effects of Kenpaullone, a specific inhibitor of GSK3${\beta}$, on melanin synthesis in B16 melanoma cells and human melanocytes were investigated. Kenpaullone showed a melanogenesis stimulation activity in a concentrationdependent manner in murine B16 melanoma cells and human melanocytes without any significant effects on cell proliferation. Tyrosinase activity was increased 48 h after treatment of B16 cells with Kenpaullone. The protein expression level of tyrosinase was dose-dependently enhanced after the treatment with Kenpaullone. At the same time, the expression level of tyrosinase mRNA was also increased after addition of Kenpaullone. The stimulatory effect of Kenpaullone mainly resulted from increased expression of tyrosinase. These findings suggest that the application of GSK3${\beta}$ inhibitors may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of hypopigmentation disorder.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2011

Two Gram positive bacterial strains, designated strain GC-1 and GC-4, were isolated from coastal seawater near Jeju Island in the Republic of Korea. The two strains were identified as members of the genus Bacillus, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and data for physiological characteristics analyses. A subtle difference in physiological and genotypical characteristics has led us to designate the strains GC-1 and GC-4. The strain GC-1 showed a 99.91% similarity in 16S rRNA gene sequencing with B. tequiliensis and B. subtilis subsp. inaquosorum and the strain GC-4 showed a 100% similarity in 16S rRNA gene sequencing with those of B. altitudinis, B. stratosphericus, and B. aerophilus. However, both strains exhibited different physiological and genotypical characteristics in many aspects from those of their phylogenetically closest neighbors listed above, which implies that genus Bacillus has diversified into various species during its evolutionary process.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.183-204
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• 1997

In order to study the effects of Daebangpungtang on galactosamine induced hepatoxity in rats, the experimental rats divided five groups (Normal, Control, Sample A, B, C groups). Under the same condition, normal and control groups were administered normal saline for 16 days, control group was injected to abdomen with galactosamine at 8th day (800mg/kg). Sample A group was administered the Daebangpungtang aqueous solution($200m{\ell}／kg$ p.o) for 8 days and injected galactosamine(800mg／kg i.p) for the last day and was administered normal saline for 8 days. Sample B group was treated as same as group A for 8 days, and then was administered the Daebangpungtang aqueous solution($200m{\ell}／kg$ p.o) forfurther 8 days. Sample C group was administered the Daebangpungtang aqueous solution($200m{\ell}／kg$ p.o) for 16 days. The activity of GOT, GPT, ${\gamma}$-GTP, ALP, LDH and total bilirubin in serum were measured at 8th and last day. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The activity of serum GOT of the sample A group decreased effectively at the 8th day and sample B group decreased effectively at 16th day as compared with the control group. 2. The activity of serum GPT of the sample A group decreased effectively at the 8th and 16th day and sample B group decreased effectively at 16th day as compared with the control group. 3. The activity of serum ${\gamma}$-GTP of the sample B group decreased effectively at the 16th day as compared with the control group. 4. The activity of serum ALP of the sample A group increased respectively at the 8th and 16th day and sample B group decreased effectively at 16th day as compared with the control group. 5. The activity of serum LDH of the sample A, B groups decreased effectively at 16th day as compared with the control group. 6. The activity of serum total bilirubin of the sample A, B groups decreased effectively at 16th day as compared with the control group. 7. The activity of GOT, GPT, ${\gamma}$-GTP, ALP, LDH and total bilirubin in serum of the sample C group were analogous with thats of normal group.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2016

In this study, Bacillus licheniformis which has been used as probiotics was isolated from Korean traditional fermented soybean. A total of 69 strains were presumptively identified as B. licheniformis by phenotypic methods. Based on PCR amplification and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the multilocus sequence typing of gyrA and rpoB, followed by phylogenetic analysis was performed. The isolates were distinctly differentiated and found to be closely related to B. amyloliquefaciens, B. subtilis, and B. aerius. The partial 16S rRNA gene sequences of those strains matched those of B. sonorensis (97%) and B. aerius (98%) in the phylogenetic tree. In contrast, multilocus phylogenetic analysis (MLPA) showed that only 61 (86.9%) out of 69 strains were B. licheniformis. The rest of those strains were found to be B. subtilis (5.8%), B. amyloliquefaciens (2.9%), and B. sonorensis (2.9%), respectively. Therefore, our results suggested that since the 16S rRNA gene sequencing alone was not sufficient to compare and discriminate closely related lineages of Bacillus spp., it was required to analyze the MLPA simultaneously to avoid any misleading phenotype-based grouping of these closely related species.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.106-110
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• 2003

Stolbur Phytoplasma was detected from Lilium Oriental hybrids showing flattened stem and flower clustering. The presence of phytoplasma was demonstrated using polymerase chain reaction（PCR) assays with phyto-plasma-universal（P1/P6）and stolbur phytoplasma-specific 16F1/R1-S primer pairs amplifying phytoplasma 16S rDNA regions. Nucleotide suquences of the phytoplasma 16S rDNA were determined. Nucleic acid extracted from lily amplified 1.5 kb DNA with a phytoplasma universal primer pair. In nested PCR, 1.1 kb PCR product was obtained using specific primer pair, indicating an isolate of stolbur phytoplasma. Nucleotide sequence of phytoplasma 16S rDNA reported in this study showed 99.5% and 99.1％ identities with two known stolbur phytoplamas (16Sr XII-A). Also, it exhibited a sequence homology of 98.0％ with phormium yellow leaf (16Sr XII-B), and 97.9％ with Australian grapevine yellows (16Sr XII-B). Meanwhile, it showed 98.1% identity with strawberry green petal phytoplama, (16Sr1-C), and 94.7 % with American aster yellows (16Sr1-B). Homology percentage of the 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence suggests that this phytoplama could be classified into the stolbur phytoplasma, subgroup A (16Sr XII-A), as a type strain stolbur.