• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 1990

Effects of topical application of 100, 200 and 300ng/$m\ell$ of 3-indole butyric acid (3IBA) on larval parameters were studied in polyvoltine Pure Mysore breed of B. mori. Each concentration was administered independently, at 36h to III, IV ＆ V instars, at 48h to IV ＆ V instars, and at 72h to V instar larvae. Of the various dosages used, the repeated applications of loons of 3-IBA at 36h to III, IV ＆ V instars resulted in a significant increase in larval weight, silk gland weight, cocoon shell weight and fecundity and a significant decrease in larval duration and cocooning percentage when compared with the corresponding parameters of the untreated controls.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2000

The effect of topical application with hydrocortisone on economic parameters was analysed following treatment of last larval stadium. The treated larvae showed a significant increase in larval weight at higher concentrations along with other enhanced larval, cocoon and adult parameters. This suggests that hydrocortisone can be used effectively for commercial silkworm rearing. The larvas period was significantly increased in all the treated groups with increased female cocoon weights, its shell weights and male cocoon shell weight at 20$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml treated group. Filament length, weight and denier were increased significantly in all the treated groups. Moth emergence percentage, length of the ovariole, eggs per ovariole, fecundity and rind hatching percentage were unaffected when compared with that of the carrier control group. This suggests that hydrocortisone in addition to affecting larval growths also affect silk crop.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1992

Dissolution and degradation of the parasporal crystal proteins produced from B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki, B. thuringiensis var. dendrolimus and B. thuringiensis var. aizawai were investigated. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed that the crystals contained major protein with molecular weight of approximately 134 kDa for B. thuringiensis var. aizawai 143 kDa for B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki and 149 kDa for B. thuringiensis var. dendrolimus, respectively. Crystals of three other strains were incubated alkali solutions at various pH or gut juice of Silkwarm Bombyx mori, Fall webworm Hyphantria cunea, and Common Cabbage worm Pieris rapae. When crystals of these strains were solubilized by alkali solutions, no major differences among strains B. thuringiensis could be detected. Among the strains studied, crystal protins (130-66 kDa) consist of protease resistant polypeptides in the 45-66 kDa size range when treated with gut juice of three insect species.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2011

Thirty Streptomyces sp. and 200 Bacillus sp. isolated from Korean soils and traditional foods were screened for their abilities to inhibit ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and produce 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ). This screening identified a Bacillus sp. bacterium that strongly inhibited ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and produced high levels of DNJ from Chungkookjang, a Korean traditional food. The bacterium was characterized in terms of its biochemical and molecular biological properties such as sugar utilization, cellular quinone composition, cell wall fatty acid composition, and 16S rDNA sequence. In addition, scanning electron microscopy was used to visualize the morphology of the bacterium. These analyses identified the bacterium as B. subtilis, a bacterium with Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status. The selected strain was named B. subtilis MORI.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 1996

To investigate the genes which is related to immune reaction of Bombyx mori, differential screening was carried out using naive and induced B. mori mRNA probe. To begin with, we constructed the cDNA library with mRNA isolated from fifth instar larvae injected with E. coli(4 X 106 cells/larva) using Uni ZAP XR vector kit. Thirty-two inducible cDNAs showing higher intensity on the induced mRNA probing membranes were selected. Partial nucleotide sequences of 29 clones were determined and their expessed sequence tags (ESTs) were produced. Nineteen ESTs in 29 ESTs were matched in GenBank database and the rest of them were found to be unknown. These unmatched ESTs were presumed to be novel genes. The nineteen ESTs contained variable genes related to biological process in Bombyx mori and four classes immune genes. Four clones, BmInc 6, 8, 18 and 27 were similar to two antibacterial peptide genes, hemolin gene and transferrin gene, respectively.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.61-67
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• 2023

Objective : Mori Fructus has been used to relieve thirst, and treat dizziness, tinnitus, and insomnia caused by poor constitution. This study was performed to investigate the protective effect of the ethanol extract of Mori Fructus (MF) in ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced apoptotic cell death in human keratinocyte cells. Methods : MF was prepared by extracting 100 g of Mori Fructus in 1 L of 100% ethanol for 48 h. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to measure cell viability. Apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins was observed by Western blot. Tyrosinase activity was measured with a colorimetric commercial kit. Results : MF promoted cell vitality and inhibited apoptosis of UVB-induced HaCaT cells. MF pretreatment reduced TUNEL-positive cells and increased the expression of caspase-3 and -9. MF also displayed antioxidant effect with high radical scavenging ability. At 2 ㎎/㎖ concentration, the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical inhibition rates were 55.3 ± 4.6% and 48.5 ± 1.3%, respectively. Furthermore, MF showed a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on tyrosinase. Conclusion : These results suggest that MF functions as a protective regulator in UVB-induced HaCaT cells by regulating apoptosis and partially exerting antioxidant effects. In addition, the tyrosinase inhibitory effect of MF shows the potential for MF to be used for skin pigmentation.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.273-277
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• 2004

Variation in the size of the silk filament will determine the uniformity and quality of the silk reeled. In the present study, an attempt has been made to study the filament size variation in 6 multivoltine parental breeds and 9 multivoltine ${\times}$ bivoltine hybrids in all three seasons of a year. All multivoltine breeds and multivoltine ${\times}$ bivoltine hybrids showed variation in filament size throughout its length from the outer layer to inner layer. Results of the present study indicated that the size of the filament decreased from outer to inner layer. The decrease in filament size was sudden in some breeds/hybrids whereas it was gradual in other. Relationship between filament length to that of slope, average filament size to slope, and maximum filament size to slope was determined based on regression analysis. Regression analysis revealed significant positive correlation between slope vs average filament length (r=0.92$^{**}$) in multivoltine${\times}$bivoltine hybrids. Among parental breeds, 96C showed lowest slope of the curve (b-value: -0.00428) and 96A showed highest slope of the curve (b-value: -0.00269). Among 9 hybrids, PM${\times}$N $B_4$ $D_2$ recorded lowest slope value (b-value: -0.00328) and BL24${\times}$N $B_4$ $D_2$ showed highest value for slope of the curve (b-value: -0.00234). The breed 96C, which showed lowest slope value can be utilized for future breeding programmes to breed strains with less size deviation. Three multivoltine${\times}$bivoltine hybrids viz., PM${\times}$N $B_4$ $D_2$, 96E${\times}$CSR19 and BL67${\times}$CS $R_{101}$ , which showed less slope values (b-values: -0.00328, -0.00300 and -0.00297 respectively) can be utilized for commercial exploitation to produce uniform silk.k.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2004

We were investigated the cognitive ability enhancement in rats using B. mori fibroin molecular controlled hydrolysate by preparative recycle HPLC system. Also, some of its physicochemical properties and free amino acid components were investigated, too. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum are measured different pattern between high (HF) and low (LF) molecular controlled B. mori fibroin samples, respectively. The in vitro test by neuron primary cell culture are showed dependent on molecular weight (Mw) of B. mori fibroin in the order of LF > MF > HF, too. However, the memorial effects in rats by in vivo test are large dependent molecular weight on that maximum 50% than control. Also, the memorial effect was higher than the enzymatic relative and acid hydrolysate, which was 50.0$\pm$2.1 and 25.9$\pm$0.32%, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1607-1611
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• 2011

To analyze the role of Bombyx mori transferrin (BmTf) in response to microbes or oxidative stress, we investigated the level of BmTf transcripts in B. mori treated with various microbes and oxidative stress inducers. BmTf mRNA was mainly expressed in the epidermis and fat in the bodies of B. mori injected with Escherichia coli, and up regulated in response to microbes such as bacteria, fungi, or viruses, but was hardly altered in response to oxidative stress inducers such as $H_2O_2$, Cu, or $FeCl_3$. We also confirmed that BmTf mRNA expression was increased in Bm5 cells treated with ERK, PLC, PKA, PI3K, MAPK, or JNK inhibitors, respectively. To identify the major inducer of BmTf expression, we analyzed the amount of serum iron in the hemolymph of B. mori after injection or feeding with E. coli or $FeCl_3$. The results showed that the amount of serum iron was not changed by injection and feeding with E. coli, although BmTf mRNA was increased by injection with E. coli. On the contrary, injection and feeding with $FeCl_3$ significantly increased the amount of serum iron, although they did not alter the BmTf mRNA level. On the basis of these results, we assume that up-regulation of BmTf in B. mori is closely related to the defense of microorganism, and BmTf may be expressed at the basal constitutive level when it plays a role in iron metabolism by maintaining iron homeostasis and in the insect defense mechanism against oxidative stress.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.264-269
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• 1997

Four strains of Bacillus thuringiensis were isolated froin the dead larvae of mulberry longicorn beetle (Apriong germari) and dung beetle (Aphodius apicalis). One nf four B. thuringiensis isolates turned out to be subspecies darinstadiensis but the remains were not identified using 33 B. thuringiensts flgellar ( H ) antibodies. Furthermore. bioassays of spore-parasporal inclusion protein mixture conducted against third instar larvae of A. gerrntrri or A. apicalis, second instar larvae of Bombyx mori, and third instar larvae of Cu1ex pipiens pullens showed that the isolates were non-toxic. To further confirm, four isolates were characterized and analysed by SDS-PAGE and agarose gel electrophoresis. The results revealed that parasporal protein and plasmid DNA patterns of four isolates are different from those of darmstadiensis and 20 known non-toxic B. thuringiensis strains, suggesting that the four isolates are novel non-toxic B. thuringiensis.