• 복식문화연구
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.835-851
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• 2003

This study analyses patent information of apparel design using computer technology and researches the trend of patent application focused on International Patent Classification. In terms of trend by filling data, Patent application started first in 1974 and increased sharply in 1993 with 14 cases and increased to 25 cases in 2000. In case of Korea, they began somewhat late in 1996, but reached a similar level with the leading country in 2000. In terms of trend by applicant, Gerber Garment Technology, Inc. filed 7 cases TORAY IND INC, filed 6 cases Levi Strauss & Co. filed 4 cases, NEC HOME ELECTRONICS LTD filed 3 cases, TOYOBO CO LTD filed 3 cases. Japanese companies occupied 52% and United States's companies occupied 48%. In terms of trend by country, foreigner occupied 47% of the patents filed by United State. Japanese take up 10% of total patent of United States. Korean occupied 84% of total patent of Korea and foreigner, american occupied 16% of the patents filed by Korea. In regared to International Patent Classification, in the section level G filed 92 cases(53%). In class level, G06 marked the first place in United States, Japan, and Korea. In subclass level, G06F marksed the first place with 74 cases. G06T and A61B were regarded as the new technologies. The new technologies are representing the dimensions of garment or computer-rendered model, providing the virtual reality through the texture mapping, digital dressing room or virtual dressing, and performing or retriving display on a screen for the result of changing pattern ao dress design, The technologies of core patent are designing or producing custom manufactured item, providing or prealtering the data for pattern making and visually displaying, interactively generating or previewing of various articles.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2020

Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) has been a significant cause of economic losses in pig farming industry since 1950s. Although transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) has declined in recent years, it should not be excluded because of its characteristics; the frequency of gene mutation, the mortality in piglets, and the possibility for sudden incidence. Therefore, the herd-level monitoring of the virus is important to prevent further circulation of TGE. The aim of this study is to develop a large-scale sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with high specificity to rapidly detect TGEV in feces by using monoclonal antibodies (Mabs). The TGEV specific Mabs were produced in hybridoma cells. Among the Mabs belonged to the IgG class developed by this study, the final selected 8H6, 1B7, 4G3, and 1F8 were identified to have the neutralization ability against TGEV. The sandwich ELISA was established using 8H6 as a reporter antibody and 1B7 and the reported 5C8 as a capture antibody. The developed sandwich ELISA was able to distinguish TGEV from other pathogenic diarrheal agents (porcine rotavirus, porcine reovirus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), E. coli, and C. perfringens) in tissue culture as well as fecal samples. And the detection rate of TGEV in feces was 80% compared with RT-PCR. The results suggested that the developed sandwich ELISA may be useful in the herd-level monitoring for effective preventive measures due to the early diagnosis of TGEV using a large amount of samples.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.38.1-38.12
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• 2020

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that initiate both T-cell responses and tolerance. Tolerogenic DCs (tDCs) are regulatory DCs that suppress immune responses through the induction of T-cell anergy and Tregs. Because lactoferrin (LF) was demonstrated to induce functional Tregs and has a protective effect against inflammatory bowel disease, we explored the tolerogenic effects of LF on mouse bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs). The expression of CD80/86 and MHC class II was diminished in LF-treated BMDCs (LF-BMDCs). LF facilitated BMDCs to suppress proliferation and elevate Foxp3⁺ induced Treg (iTreg) differentiation in ovalbumin-specific CD4⁺ T-cell culture. Foxp3 expression was further increased by blockade of the B7 molecule using CTLA4-Ig but was diminished by additional CD28 stimulation using anti-CD28 Ab. On the other hand, the levels of arginase-1 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (known as key T-cell suppressive molecules) were increased in LF-BMDCs. Consistently, the suppressive activity of LF-BMDCs was partially restored by inhibitors of these molecules. Collectively, these results suggest that LF effectively causes DCs to be tolerogenic by both the suppression of T-cell proliferation and enhancement of iTreg differentiation. This tolerogenic effect of LF is due to the reduction of costimulatory molecules and enhancement of suppressive molecules.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.307-330
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• 2016

이 논문은 한국의 압축도시화의 한 사례이자 표준으로서 서울의 강남이 어떻게 형성되었는지 설명하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 강남 및 강남 스타일의 도시화는 유례를 찾아 볼 수 없을 정도로 급속한 도시화가 진행되었다는 점에서, 그 이전의 한국의 도시화 양상 및 서구의 도시와 구별된다는 점에서, 그리고 현대 한국의 삶에 정치, 경제, 문화적으로 매우 중요한 하나의 모델을 제공한다는 점에서 연구의 가치가 매우 크다. 하지만 그럼에도 강남의 독특한 도시성(urbanism)이 어떠한 사회적 조건에서 어떻게 형성되었는지에 대한 연구는 그리 많지 않은 편이다. 이 글에서는 먼저 선망이 되는 물질적 풍경이자 생활양식으로서의 강남적 도시성의 특징을 서술한다. 강남적 도시성은 물질적 공간의 측면에서 중상층이 주거와 자산증식을 위해 소유하는 고급 고층 아파트 단지를 특징으로 하고, 사회문화적 생활양식의 측면에서 정치적 보수성, 사적몰입과 공적 무관심, 학력, 외모, 패션 등에서의 경쟁, 유흥문화 등을 특징으로 한다. 이러한 강남적 도시성의 원형은 한국 반공 권위주의 발전국가 전략의 공간선택성 속에서 매우 짧은 시간에 압축적으로 형성되었다. 즉 그것은 북한과 대치상황 및 서울로의 인구집중 속에서 강북개발과 영등포개발을 억제하고 강남개발과 아파트를 통해 인구를 급히 분산하고 수용해야 했던 반공주의 국가의 필요성, 서민과 도시빈민을 도시개발에서 공간적으로 배제하는 권위주의 국가의 특성, 그리고 예외공간과 가격왜곡을 통해 건설자본과 중산층에 특혜를 부여하고 강남의 아파트 건설과 불균등 발전을 촉진한 발전국가의 선별적 주택산업정책이 결합되어 만들어낸 공간 선택성에 의해 상당 부분 설명될 수 있다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.245-252
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• 2023

본 연구는 간호대학생을 대상으로 학습열의, 학업적 자기효능감이 문제해결능력에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 시도되었다. 본 연구는 B시의 간호대학생 219명을 대상으로 하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS 22.0 프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계, t-test, ANOVA, 피어슨 상관계수, 다중회귀분석으로 분석하였다. 대상자의 문제해결능력 평균 4.00±0.51점이었고, 일반적 특성에 따른 문제해결능력의 차이는 전공만족도(F=9.476, p<.001), 수업만족도(F=3.079, p=.048)에서 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 대상자의 문제해결능력은 학습열의(r=.560, p<.001), 학업적 자기효능감(r=.634, p<.001)과 정적상관관계를 나타냈다. 대상자의 학습열의는 학업적 자기효능감(r=.769, p<.001)과 정적상관관계를 나타냈다. 대상자의 문제해결능력에 영향을 미치는 요인은 학업열의(β=.177, p=.031), 학업적 자기효능감(β=.498, p<.001)으로 확인되었고, 설명력은 41.0%로 나타났다. 따라서 간호대학생의 문제해결능력을 향상시키기 위해 학습열의와 학업적 자기효능감을 향상시킬 수 있는 프로그램 개발이 필요하다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.271-279
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• 2023

본 연구는 간호대학생을 대상으로 학습몰입, 문제해결능력, 교수-학생 상호작용이 학업성취도에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 시도되었다. 연구참여자는 B시의 간호대학생 274명을 대상으로 하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS 22.0 프로그램을 이용하여 실수, 백분율, 평균, 표준편차, t-test, ANOVA, 피어슨 상관계수, 위계적 다중회귀분석으로 분석하였다. 대상자의 학업성취도 평균 3.70±0.70점이었고, 일반적 특성에 따른 학업성취도의 차이는 학년(F=4.755, p=.003), 대학생활만족도(F=5.643, p=.004), 전공만족도(F=5.794, p=.003), 코로나-19 적응(F=7.961, p<.001), 비대면 수업환경 만족도(F=18.353, p<.001)에서 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 대상자의 학업성취도는 학습몰입(r=.649, p<.001), 문제해결능력(r=.333, p<.001) 교수-학생 상호작용(r=.479, p<.001)과 정적상관관계를 나타냈다. 대상자의 학업성취도에 영향을 미치는 요인은 학습몰입(β=.563, p<.001), 교수-학생 상호작용(β=.280, p<.001)으로 나타났고, 설명력은 52.0%로 나타났다. 따라서 비대면 수업에서 간호대학생의 학업성취도를 높이기 위한 전략과 학습몰입과 교수-학생 상호작용을 높일 수있는 환경개선이 필요하다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.627-636
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• 2023

본 연구는 문제중심학습을 적용한 이론수업이 간호대학생의 자기주도학습능력, 비판적 사고, 의사소통능력, 문제해결능력 향상에 미치는 효과를 확인함으로써 문제중심학습이 다양한 교육과정 적용에 근거를 제시하고자 하였다. 자료수집기간은 2022년 3월 1일부터 6월 7일까지였고, 연구대상자는 B광역시 소재의 일 대학 간호학과 학생 165명이었다. 문제중심학습을 적용한 이론수업은 총 14주, 1회 100분 수업으로 진행되었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS Win 21.0 program을 사용하여 빈도와 백분율, Cronbach's α, 평균과 표준편차를 사용하여 분석하였으며, 기간에 따른 인성교육 수업의 효과검증은 Paired t-test로 분석하였다. 문제중심학습 방법을 적용한 이론 수업에 대한 효과를 확인한 결과, 간호대학생의 자기주도학습능력(t=-2.08, p=.039), 비판적 사고(t=-2.49, p=.014), 의사소통능력(t=-4.90, p<.001), 문제해결능력(t=-4.84, p<.001)이 유의하게 향상되었다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 1학년 간호대학생에게 다양한 방법으로 적용함으로써 간호대학생이 갖추어야 역량 향상과 전공만족 및 대학생활 적응에 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.927-934
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• 2023

본 연구는 어린이집 흥미 영역 환경과 유아가 어떻게 접속되고 배치되는지, 그 과정을 탐구하였다. 유아는 환경이라는 물질과 얽혀 세상을 알아간다. 알아가는 그 과정에 주목하여 흥미 영역이라는 익숙한 환경이 유아의 행위에 어떤 영향을 주는가를 살피기 위하여 물질과 인간 사이의 힘을 강조한 들뢰즈의 접속-배치 개념으로 이해해보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 서울특별시 B 어린이집 만4-5세 혼합반 유아 20명을 2023년 3월부터 5월까지 사전 관찰 2회, 연구관찰 5회를 총 2시간씩 참여 관찰하였다. 연구 결과 첫 번째, 유아의 진짜 흥미는 성인의 시선이 아닌 유아의 시선에서 찾을 수 있었다. 두 번째, 흥미 영역 환경의 공간과 놀이 자료는 놀이 유형이라는 질서에 맞춰 구조적으로 배치되어 있지만 유아와 접속되면서 그 경계가 모호해졌다. 세 번째, 유아의 놀이가 각 흥미 영역을 벗어나지 않고 놀이하는 것처럼 보였지만 공간은 그 자체로 흥미가 발현되는 하나의 덩어리였다. 본 연구로 인하여 흥미 영역 환경구성에 대한 교수자의 실천에 도움이 되고, 공간과 매체라는 환경이 유아와 접속-배치되면서 유아의 사고에 어떤 흔적을 남기게 될까 매 순간 물음을 던지는 교수자가 되길 기대한다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2002

Background: Viral antigens presented on the cell surface in association with MHC class I molecules are recognized by CD8+ T cells. MHC restricted peptides are important in eliciting cellular immune responses. As peptide antigens have a weak immunigenicity, pH-sensitive liposomes were used for peptide delivery to induce effective cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. In the previous study, as the HBx peptides could induce specific CTLs in vitro, we tested whether the HLA-A2/$K^b$ transgenic mice that were immunized by HBx-derived peptides could be protected from a viral challenge. Methods: HBx-peptides encapsulated by pH-sensitive liposomes were prepared. $A2K^b$ transgenic mice were immunized i.m. on days one and seven with the indicated concentrations of liposome-encapsulated peptides. Three weeks later, mice were infected with $1{\times}10^7pfu$/head of recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV)-HBx via i.p. administration. The ovaries were extracted from the mice, and the presence of rVV-HBx in the ovaries was analyzed using human TK-143B cells. IFN-${\gamma}$ secretion by these cells was directly assessed using a peptide-pulsed target cell stimulation assay with either peptide-pulsed antigen presenting cells (APCs), concanavalin A ($2{\mu}g/ml$), or a vehicle. To generate peptide-specific CTLs, splenocytes obtained from the immunized mice were stimulated with $20{\mu}g/ml$ of each peptide and restimulated with peptide-pulsed APC four times. The cytotoxic activity of the CTLs was assessed by standard $^{51}Cr$-release assay and intracellular IFN-${\gamma}$ assay. Results: Immunization of these peptides as a mixture in pH-sensitive liposomes to transgenic mice induced a good protective effect from a viral challenge by inducing the peptide-specific CD8+ T cells. Mice immunized with $50{\mu}g/head$ were much better protected against viral challenge compared to those immunized with $5{\mu}g$/head, whereas the mice immunized with empty liposomes were not protected at all. After in vitro CTL culture by peptide stimulation, however, specific cytotoxicity was much higher in the CTLs from mice immunized with $5{\mu}g/head$ than $50{\mu}g/head$ group. Increase of the number of cells that intracellular IFN-${\gamma}$ secreting cell among CD8+ T cells showed similar result. Conclusion: Mice immunized with XEPs within pH-sensitive liposome were protected against viral challenge. The protective effect depended on the amount of antigen used during immunization. XEP-3-specific CTLs could be induced by peptide stimulation in vitro from splenocytes obtained from immunized mice. The cytotoxic effect of CTLs was measured by $^{51}Cr$-release assay and the percentage of accumulated intracellular IFN-${\gamma}$ secreting cells after in vitro restimulation was measured by flow cytometric analysis. The result of $^{51}Cr$-release cytotoxicity test was well correlated with that of the flow cytometric analysis. Viral protection was effective in immunized group of $50{\mu}g/head$, while in the in vitro restimulation, it showed more spectific response in $5{\mu}g$/head group.

• 복식
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• 제15권
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• pp.177-194
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• 1990

Koh(袴) was a type of dress worn on the lower part of the body which was commonly used in the Northeast Asia. It was originally used by the Northern race for the need of nomadism or hunting. The origin of the Koh which appeared in the area would be found from the trousers of the Huns who influenced in the Northeast Asia, and became in the part of the Scythian culture. The Scythians are the nomadizing race inhabited in the Northern Caucasas on the wast of the Black Sea and influenced on the inland Eurasian steppe as the first typical horse-riding race. The objectives of Koh which had been worn in the Scythian, Mongolia, Korea as well as Japan as a part of Dongho dress and ornaments and to contemplate the transmission process by cultural exchange among different races for the period from 4th century to 7th century. 1. The Origination of the Koh The Koh was originated by the environmental factor to protect the cold in the North but also from the heat in the South, and was changed and developed as gradually satisfying to the needs of the times. In the Northeast Asia the Koh was in the class of the Northern Chinese garment, and was used widely by the horse riding Scythians who moved widely from the Eurasian inland to Japan. The oldest original which could reflect the type of the Northern clothes was a pair of trousers discovered in the Huns remains of Noin Ula. This showed the exact form of hunting clothes and had a similar form with the Korean female tro-users. Since the same form of trousers drawn on the wall painting of which was excavated 4-5th century ancient Koguryo(高句麗) tomb was the same form the trousers of Noin Ula seemed to be the original form of Koh in the Northeast Asia. 2. The Chinese Trousers It was the time of the King Mooryung(武靈王) in the Cho(趙) Dynasty B.C. 3th century that the trousers used regularly in China. However, the Koh had been used as undergarment which functioned for the protection of the cold not the horseriding garment. The trousers seemed to be not very obviously shown off since the Poh (袍) was long, but mainly used by the people from lower class. As people learned the adapted the trousers. It was essential for the times of war and quarrel. The king himself started wearing the Koh. The Chinese trousers were influenced by the Huns, the Northern clothes of the Scythian culture, and similar to the Korean clothes. 3. The Korean Trousers Korean was a race bared from the Eastern foreign group. It was obvious that the clothes was Baji-Jeogori(바지 저고리), the garment of the Northern people. This had the same form of the Scythian dress and ornaments which was excavated from the Mongolian Noin Ula. The Scythian dress and ornaments were influenced from the Ancient West Asia Empire and transmitted to the Northeast Koguryu by the horseriding Scythian. The trousers were kept in the traditional style by the common people in Korea were transmitted to Japan which were for behind in cultural aspect, as well as got used to the Chinese as the efficient clothes though active cultural exchange. 4. The Japanese Trousers The ancient Japanese clothes were influenced by the Southern factor but not the form of the Koh. As the Korean people group was moving towards Japan and conquer the Japanese in the 4-5th century, however, North Altaic culture was formed and at the same time the clothes were also developed. The most influenced clothes at this time were those of Baekge(百濟) and the trousers form called Euigon became the main form. Because of the climatic regional factor, it was tied not at the ankle but under the knee. From the view the ancient Japanese clothes disappeard about that time, it could be due to the conquest of the culturally superior race but not the transmission of the culture. In the latest 7th century both the Chinese and Japanese dress forms were present, but the Dongho(東胡) dress and its ornament from Korea was still the basic of the Japanese dress form.