• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2005

Background: DNA vaccination represents an anticipated approach for the control of numerous infectious diseases. Used alone, however, DNA vaccine is weak immunogen inferior to viral vectors. In recent, heterologous prime-boost vaccination leads DNA vaccines to practical reality. Methods: We assessed prime-boost immunization strategies with a DNA vaccine (minigene, $gB_{498-505}$ DNA) and recombinant vaccinia virus $(vvgB_{498-505})$ expressing epitope $gB_{498-505}$ (SSIEF ARL) of CD8+ T cells specific for glycoprotein B (gB) of herpes simplex virus (HSV). Animals were immunized primarily with $gB_{498-505}$ epitope-expressing DNA vaccine/recombinant vaccinia virus and boosted with alternative vaccine type expressing entire Ag. Results: In prime-boost protocols using vvgBw (recombinant vaccinia virus expressing entire Ag) and $vvgB_{498-505}$, CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity was induced maximally at both acute and memory stages if primed with vvgBw and boosted with $vvgB_{498-505}$ as evaluated by CTL activity, intracellular IFN-staining, and MHC class I tetramer staining. Similarly $gB_{498-505}$ DNA prime-gBw DNA (DNA vaccine expressing entire Ag) boost immunization elicited the strongest CD8+ T cell responses in protocols based on DNA vaccine. However, the level of CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity induced with prime-boost vaccination using DNA vaccine expressing epitope or entire Ag was inferior to those based on vvgBw and $vvgB_{498-505}$. Of particular interest CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity was optimally induced when $vvgB_{498-505}$ was used to prime and gB DNA was used as alternative boost. Especially CD7+ T cell responses induced by such protocol was longer lasted than other protocols. Conclusion: These facts direct to search for the effective strategy to induce optimal CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity against cancer and viral infection.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.81-84
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• 2010

B cells, by virtue of their diverse roles in immune responses to foreign and self antigens, have become of increasing interest to the clinician as well as the basic immunologist. In particular, it is now apparent that the development of B cell unresponsiveness in antibody and T cell mediated autoimmune disorders and the transplant setting is both worthwhile and achievable.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1995년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1034-1038
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to research and develop $TiS_2$ composite cathode for lithium polymer battery(LPB). $TiS_2$ electrode represent a class of insertion positive electrode used in Li secondary batteries. In this study, we investigated preparation of $TiS_2$ composite cathode and AC impedance response of $TiS_2$ composite/SPE/Li cells as a function of state of charge(SOC) and cycling. The resistance of B type cell using $TiS_2PEO_8LiClO_4PC_5EC_5$ composite cathode was lower than that of A type cell using $TiS_2PEO$ composite cathode. The cell resistance of B type cell is high for the first few percent discharge, decreases for midium discharge and then increases again toward the end of discharge. We believe the magnitude of the cell resistance is dominated by passivation layer impedance and small cathode resistance. AC impedance results indicate that the cell internal resistance increase with cycling, and this is attributed to change of passivation layer impedance with cycling. The passivation layer resistance($R_f$) of B type cell decreases for the 2nd cycling and then increases again with cycling. Redox coulombic efficiency of B type cell was about 141% at 1st cycle and 100% at 12th cycle. Also, $TiS_2$ specific capacity was 115 mAh/g at 12 cycle.

• 약학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.303-314
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• 1992

Experiments were performed on mice to investigate the effect of methionine diets (MET) on the immunotoxicity of ethanol. ICR female mice were divided into 5 groups, Met (Basal (B)+0.19% methionine(M), B+1.71% M and B+5.13%W) and ethanol(4%) were administered ad libitum for 21 days. The mice were evaluated for changes in immune status as measured by antibody titer, Arthus reaction, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), rosette forming cell(RFC) and plaque forming cell (PFC) to sheep red blood cells (S-RBC). To investigate the change of the non-specific immune response, the number of leukocytes in peripheral blood and phagocyte activity were measured. The results were summarized as follows: (1) The weight ratios of spleen and thymus to body weight were significantly increased by the B+0.19% M, B+0.57% M and B+1.71% M groups in comparison with control group(B), but B+5.13% M group was significantly decreased. (2) Humoral immune responses were significantly increased by the B+0.19% M and B+0.57% M groups in comparison with control group, but B+5.13% M group was significantly decreased. (3) Cellular immune responses were significantly decreased by the B+1.71% M and B+5.13% M groups in comparison with control group. (4) Phagocyte activities were significantly increased by the B+0.19% M, B+0.57% M and B+1.71% M groups in comparison with control groups, but B+5.13% M group was significantly decreased. (5) The number of circulating leukocyte was significantly increased in the B+0.19% M and B+0.57% M groups in comparison with control group, but B+5.13% M group was significantly decreased.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.171-187
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was performed to determine if Orostachys japonicus A. Berger herbal acupuncture (OjB) provides the protective effect against the loss of cell viability and DNA damage induced by oxidant in renal proximal tubular cells. Methods : The cell viability was evaluated by a MTT reduction assay and DNA damage was estimated by measuring double stranded DNA breaks in opossum kidney (OK) cells, an established proximal tubular cell line. Lipid peroxidation was determined by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation. Results : H2O2 increased the loss of cell viability in a time-dependent manner, which were prevented by 0.1% OjB. The protective effect of OjB was dose-dependent over concentration range of 0.05-0.5%. H2O2 caused ATP depletion and DNA damage, which were prevented by OjB and the hydrogen peroxide scavenger catalase. The loss of cell viability by H2O2 was not affected by the antioxidant DPPD, but lipid peroxidation by the oxidant was completely inhibited by DPPD. Generation of superoxide and H2O2 in neutrophils activated by phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate was inhibited by OjB in a dose-dependent manner. OjB inhibited generation of H2O2 in OK cells treated with antimycin A and exerted a direct H2O2 scavenging effect. Exposure of OK cells to 1 mM tBHP caused a significant depletion of glutathione which was prevented by OjB. OjB accelerated the recovery in cells cultured for 20 hr in normal medium without oxidant following oxidative stress. Conclusions : These results suggest that OjB exerts the protective effect against oxidant-induced cell injury and its protective effect was resulted from radical scavenging and antioxidant activities.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.405-408
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• 2013

Oncoprotein Bcl-3 is perceived as an unusual member of $I{\kappa}B$ family since it can both stimulate and suppress NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. Aberrant Bcl-3 results in increased cell proliferation and survival, suggesting a contribution to malignant potential and elevated levels of Bcl-3 have been observed in many HTLV-1-infected T cell lines and ATL cells. To investigate the specific roles of Bcl-3 in HTLV-1-infected cells, we knocked down Bcl-3 expression using shRNA and then examined the consequences with regard to DNA damage and cell proliferation, as well as NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. The HTLV-1 encoded protein Tax promotes Bcl-3 expression and nuclear translocation. In HTLV-1-infected cells, Bcl-3 knockdown obviously induced DNA damage. Cell growth and NF-${\kappa}B$ activation were reduced in HTLV-1-infected or Tax positive cells when Bcl-3 expression was decreased. Together, our results revealed positive roles of Bcl-3 in DNA stabilization, growth and NF-${\kappa}B$ activation in HTLV-1-infected cells.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.102-110
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• 1991

Alkalophilic Bacillus sp. YJ-451, which was isolated from soil at several area in Korea, produced a novel type of bacteriolytic enzyme (cell wall peptidoglycan hydrolase) extracellulary. The cell wall hydrolytic activity was identified as a clear zone on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis containing 0.2% (w/v) cell wall of Bacillus sp. as substrate. This enzyme was successively purified 66 fold with 3.2% yield in culture broth by ammonium sulfate precipitation, CM-cellulose column chromatography, and gel filtration, followed by hydroxylapatite column chromatography. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 27,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration column chromatography. The optimum pH and temperature for the activity of the enzyme were pH 10.0 and $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. The enzyme was stable between pH 5.0 and 10.0 and up to $40^{\circ}C$. Among the microorganisms used in this experiment the enzyme was active against most of gram negative strains and the genus Bacillus such as B. megaterium, B. licheniformis, B. circulans, B. pumilus, B. macerans, B. polymyxa. The release of dinitrophenylglutamic acid but not reducing group from cell wall peptidoglycan digested by the enzyme suggested that the enzyme is a kind of peptidase which hydrolyzes the peptide bond at the amino group of D-glutamic acid in the peptidoglycan.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.258-264
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• 2018

The objectives of this research were to 1) isolate and identify thermophilic bacteria for food waste treatment; 2) investigate the capability of food waste treatment using Bacillus species; and 3) develop air-dried Bacillus starters for food waste treatment. Five Bacillus species were isolated from food wastes and identified as Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis) G1, Bacillus circulans C2, Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) E1, Bacillus vanillea F1, and Bacillus atrophaeus G2 based on 16S rDNA sequencing. Each identified Bacillus and the mixture of Bacillus species were cultivated in the standard food waste at $45^{\circ}C$ for 8 d. Changes in cell count, solid contents, and pH of the food waste were monitored during cultivation. Air-dried Bacillus cell powders were prepared using wheat flour and lactomil as excipients, and the cell count and survival rate were determined. The cell count of B. licheniformis G1 exhibited the highest number among the tested Bacillus (${\sim}10^8CFU/mL$). The greatest reduction in solid contents of food waste was achieved by B. subtilis E1 (22.6%). The mixture of B. licheniformis G1 and B. subtilis E1 exhibited a synergistic effect on the reduction of solid contents. Lactomil was determined as better excipient than wheat flour based on the greatest survival rate of 95%.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.79-87
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• 1997

vibrio vulnificus의 균체내독소의 특성을 파악하여 비브리오 패혈증의 발병원인 구명을 위한 자료를 제공하고자 생균과 균체파쇄액의 치사독성과 내열성 및 혈관투과성항진작용을 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 환자분리균(V.vulnificus CDC B3547)과 환경분리균(V.vulnificus B57)의 독력은 차이가 없었다. 2. V.vulnificus의 균수가 $10^{7}$/ml 이상일 때 강한 치사독력이 나타났다. 3. 균체파쇄액이 독성은 80$^{\circ}$C 20분에 완전히 불활성화 되었다. 4. 균체파쇄액은 용혈성은 없었으나 세포독성은 인정되었다. 5. V.vulnificus의 새앙주에 대한 주 치사독소는 균체 내에 존해했으나 LPS와 LPprotein complex는 기존의 방법으로 분리할 수 없었다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1.1-1.13
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• 2019

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototypic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by production of autoantibodies to various nuclear antigens and overexpression of genes regulated by IFN-I called IFN signature. Genetic studies on SLE patients and mutational analyses of mouse models demonstrate crucial roles of nucleic acid (NA) sensors in development of SLE. Although NA sensors are involved in induction of antimicrobial immune responses by recognizing microbial NAs, recognition of self NAs by NA sensors induces production of autoantibodies to NAs in B cells and production of IFN-I in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Among various NA sensors, the endosomal RNA sensor TLR7 plays an essential role in development of SLE at least in mouse models. CD72 is an inhibitory B cell co-receptor containing an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM) in the cytoplasmic region and a C-type lectin like-domain (CTLD) in the extracellular region. CD72 is known to regulate development of SLE because CD72 polymorphisms associate with SLE in both human and mice and CD72^-/- mice develop relatively severe lupus-like disease. CD72 specifically recognizes the RNA-containing endogenous TLR7 ligand Sm/RNP by its extracellular CTLD, and inhibits B cell responses to Sm/RNP by ITIM-mediated signal inhibition. These findings indicate that CD72 inhibits development of SLE by suppressing TLR7-dependent B cell response to self NAs. CD72 is thus involved in discrimination of self-NAs from microbial NAs by specifically suppressing autoimmune responses to self-NAs.