• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.248-253
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• 1999

In this paper, we have investigated a fiber type active coupler which utilizes the mode coupling between the side polished single mode optical fiber and the active multimode planar waveguide. The proposed device can be used for not only tunable wavelength filter or optical intensity modulator but also a tool for measuring optical properties of guiding material such as refractive index, birefringence, electro-optic coefficient, and thermo-optic coefficient. We gave designed and optimized a coupler structure using the BPM and fabricated the device using thermo-optic polymer as active planar waveguide overlay. The device showed that insertion loss was less then 0.5 dB, extinction ratio was -13 dB at the resonance wavelength, and the wavelength tunablity due to thermo-optic effect was -1.5 nm/$^{\circ}C$. The active coupler using thermo-optic effect can be used as a wavelength tunable filer, an optical intensity modulator and an optical sensor. pulses that are subsequently compressed by a dispersive optical fiber. Experimental results show that $sech^2$ shape pulses with a pulse width of ~14 ps and a time bandwidth product of ~0.34 are successfully generated at 10 GHz repetition rate. In contrast to other methods, such as higher order soliton compression, this approach does not depend on the optical power and thus shows promise for application to low-power lasers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.7-12
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• 2002

The object of this paper is to investigate collapse characteristics of CF/Epoxy(Carbon Fiber/Epoxy resin) composite tubes on the change of interlaminar number and fiber orientation angle of outer and to evaluate reappearance of collapse characteristics on the change of tension strength of fibers under static and impact axial compression loads. When a CF/Epoxy composite tube is mushed, static/impact energy is consumed by friction between the loading plate and the splayed fiends of the tube, by fracture of the fibers, matrix and their interface. In general, CF/Epoxy tube with 6 interlaminar number(C-type) absorbed more energy than other tubes(A, B, D-types). The maximum collapse load seemed to increase as the interlaminar number of such tubes increases. The collapse mode depended upon orientation angle of outer of CF/Epoxy tubes and loading status(static/impact). Typical collapse modes of CF/Epoxy tubes are wedge collapse mode, splaying collapse mode and fragmentation collapse mode. The wedge collapse mode was shorn in case of CF/Epoxy tubes with 0$^{\circ}$ orientation angle of outer under static and impact loadings. The splaying collapse mode was shown in only case of CF/Epoxy tubes with 90$^{\circ}$ orientation angie or outer under static loadings, however in impact tests those were collapsed in fragmentation mode. So that CF/Epoxy tube with 6 interlaminar number and 90$^{\circ}$ outer orientation angle presented to the optimal collapse characteristics.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.156-163
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• 2014

In this paper, a compact circularly polarized metamaterial patch antenna using cross aperture-coupled feed is proposed. The CP antenna utilizes the -1 mode that is induced by the composit right-left handed(CRLH) transmission line. Since the -1 mode has the same properties with the $TM_{010}$ mode of the conventional patch antenna, the circular polarization(CP) can be realized. If two orthogonal modes are excited with $90^{\circ}$ phase difference, the CP property can be obtained. In order to obtain two orthogonal modes and $90^{\circ}$ phase difference, 4 mushroom structures having the shape of square are employed. The width and length of the cross aperture are optimized through the design algorithm. The fabricated antenna is based on RT/duroid5880 substrate and the total area of the 4 mushroom is $0.25{\lambda}_0{\times}0.25{\lambda}_0$. The center frequency of the LHCP(Left-Handed Circular Polarization) antenna is measured as 1.622 GHz and circular polarization bandwidth(3 dB) is measured as 3 MHz. The center frequency of the RHCP(Right-Handed Circular Polarization) antenna is measured as 1.609 GHz and circular polarization bandwidth (3 dB) is measured as 3 MHz, respectively. The measured radiation efficiency of LHCP antenna is 61.1 % and the measured radiation efficiency of RHCP antenna is 54.5 %.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.885-891
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• 2012

This paper proposes a high-efficiency power amplifier (PA) with uneven bias. The proposed amplifier consists of a driver amplifier, power stages of the main amplifier with class AB bias, and an auxiliary amplifier with class C bias. Unlike other CMOS PAs, the amplifier adopts a current-mode transformer-based combiner to reduce the output stage loss and size. As a result, the amplifier can improve the efficiency and reduce the quiescent current. The fully integrated CMOS PA is implemented using the commercial Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company 0.18-${\mu}m$ RF-CMOS process with a supply voltage of 3.3 V. The measured gain, $P_{1dB}$, and efficiency at $P_{1dB}$ are 29 dB, 28.1 dBm, and 37.9%, respectively. When the PA is tested with 54 Mbps of an 802.11g WLAN orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal, a 25-dB error vector magnitude compliant output power of 22 dBm and a 21.5% efficiency can be obtained.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.445-450
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• 2017

In this paper, the directional coupler with half-power division is designed and fabricated by using the vertical coupling structure based on the CPW transmission-line. Even-mode and odd-mode of the vertical coupling structure can be analyzed by the conventional CPW-line and the CBCPW-line, respectively, with half thickness of the substrate. The directional coupler is designed by using the tefron substrate with the dielectric constant of 2.55 and the thickness of 0.76mm. Manufactured directional coupler has the center frequency of 2.45 GHz and the bandwidth of 66.1%. Also, the return loss and isolation are 19.52dB and 19.47dB, respectively, at the center frequency.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.305-310
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• 2015

In this study, we examined a morningside Pi2 pulsation, with a non-substorm signature, that occurred in very quiet geomagnetic conditions (Kp = 0) at 05:38 UT on December 8, 2012, using data obtained by Van Allen Probes A and B (VAP-A and VAP-B, respectively) and at a ground station. Using 1 sec resolution vector magnetic field data, we measured the X-component of the pulsation from the Abu Simbel ground station (L = 1.07, LT = UT +2 hr, where LT represents local time) in Egypt. At the time of the Pi2 event, Abu Simbel and VAP-A (L = 3.3) were in the morning sector (07:38 LT and 07:59 MLT, respectively, where MLT represents magnetic local time), and VAP-B was in the postmidnight sector (04:18 MLT and L = 5.7). VAP-A and VAP-B observed oscillations in the compressional magnetic field component (Bz), which were in close agreement with the X-component measurements of the Pi2 pulsation that were made at Abu Simbel. The oscillations observed by the satellites and on the ground were in phase. Thus, we concluded that the observed morningside Pi2 pulsation was caused by the cavity resonance mode rather than by ionospheric current systems.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.36D no.9
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• pp.50-55
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• 1999

In this paper we proposed a variable optical attenuator using the side polished fiber coupled with a refractive index matching liquid. Small variation of refractive index of matching liquid can induce very large change of optical loss due to the coupling between the fiber mode and radiation mode. The thermo-optic effect of matching liquid was used to ontrol the optical attenuation. The side polished fiber block was fabricated using the silicon V gloove. Experimental results showed that $5^{\circ}C$ temperature variation was enough to adjust full range attenuation. The polarization dependent loss and insertion loss of the fabricated devices were 0.5dB and 0.2dB respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.18 no.4 s.119
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• pp.408-415
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• 2007

A switched-gain controlled LNA is designed and implemented in 0.18 um CMOS technology for $3.1{\sim}4.8\;GHz$ UWB system. In high gain mode, measurement shows a power gain of 12.5 dB, an input IP3 of 0 dBm, while consuming only 8.13 mA of current. In low gain mode, measurement shows a power gain of -8.7 dB, an input IP3 of 9.1 dBm, while consuming only 0 mA of current.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.393-406
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• 2016

Axially loaded reinforced concrete columns are hardly exist in practice due to the development of some bending moments. These moments could be produced by gravity loads or the lateral loads. First, the current paper presents a detailed analysis on the overall structural behavior of 15 eccentrically loaded columns as well as one concentrically loaded control one. Columns bent in either single curvature or double curvature modes are tested experimentally up to failure under the effect of different end eccentricities combinations. Three end eccentricities ratio were studied, namely, 0.1b, 0.3b and 0.5b, where b is the column width. Second, an expression correlated the decay in the normalized axial capacity of the column and the acting end eccentricities was developed based on the experimental results and then verified against the available formula. Third, based on the equivalent column concept, the equivalent pin-ended columns were obtained for columns bent in either single or double curvature modes. And then, the effect of end eccentricity ratio was correlated to the equivalent column length. Finally, a simplified design procedure was proposed for eccentrically loaded braced column by transferring it to an equivalent axially loaded pin-ended slender column. The results of the proposed design procedure showed comparable results against the results of the ACI 318-14 code.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.982-988
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• 2002

This paper summarizes the design concepts and implementation of a Ku-band channel amplifier's engineering model for the communication and broadcasting satellite applications. The selected architecture uses the analog gain control for the FGM(Fixed Gain Mode) and the output level limiting using automatic loop control for the ALC (automatic level control) mode. The Ku-band channel amplifier incorporates several state-of-the-art components including voltage-controlled PIN diode attenuators, and various temperature-compensation circuits. The measured characteristics of the Ku-band channel amplifier are in good agreement with the expected performance. The results show a fixed gain control of 28 dB, and an automatic level control of 16 dB over operating temperature range. The designed engineering model could be used as a channel amplifier for Ku-band communication and broadcasting satellite payload system.