• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.271-280
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• 2021

본 연구의 주 목적은 빈곤원인 인식이 복지의식에 미치는 영향력을 살펴보고, 빈곤원인 인식과 복지의식간의 관계에서 정부신뢰의 조절효과를 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 2019 한국복지패널 14차년도 자료를 활용하여 부가조사를 최종 완료한 만 20세 이상 가구원 2,027명을 대상으로 분석하였다. 분석은 위계적 회귀분석을 활용하여 설명력(R²)의 변화량을 확인하였고, 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 빈곤원인 인식의 하위요인 중 개인책임론은 복지의식에 부적인 영향력을 보인 반면, 사회구조책임론과 운명론은 정적인 영향력을 보였다. 둘째, 정부신뢰는 복지의식에 정적인 영향력을 나타내었다. 셋째, 정부신뢰의 조절효과는 일부 검증되었다. 즉, 빈곤원인 인식의 하위 요인 중 개인책임론과 복지의식 간, 그리고 사회구조책임론과 복지인식 간의 영향 관계에서 정부신뢰의 조절효과가 확인되었다. 본 결과를 통해 사회구성원들의 복지의식 향상을 위해 빈곤원인에 대한 인식뿐 아니라 정부신뢰 등 사회적 자본의 강화가 매우 중요함을 확인하였다. 이를 바탕으로 본 연구의 논의점 및 의의, 제한점 등을 제시하였다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.173-186
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• 2005

This paper develops the argument that the 'Healthy Cities Approach' extends beyond the boundaries of officially designated Healthy Cities and suggests that signs of it are evident much more widely in efforts to promote health in the United Kingdom and in national policy. It draws on examples from Leeds, a major city in the north of England. In particular, it suggests that efforts to improve population health need to focus on the wider determinants and that this requires a collaborative response involving a range of different sectors and the participation of the community. Inequality is recognised as a major issue and the need to identify areas of deprivation and direct resources towards these is emphasised. Childhood poverty is referred to and the importance of breaking cycles of deprivation. The role of the school is seen as important in contributing to health generally and the compatibility between Healthy Cities and Health Promoting Schools is noted. Not only can Health Promoting Schools improve the health of young people themselves they can also develop the skills, awareness and motivation to improve the health of the community. Using child pedestrian injury as an example, the paper argues that problems and their cause should not be conceived narrowly. The Healthy Cities movement has taught us that the response, if it is to be effective, should focus on the wider determinants and be adapted to local circumstances. Instead of simply attempting to change behaviour through traditional health education we need to ensure that the environment is healthy in itself and supports healthy behaviour. To achieve this we need to develop awareness, skills and motivation among policy makers, professionals and the community The 'New Health' education is proposed as a term to distinguish the type of health education which addresses these issues from more traditional forms.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.421-425
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• 2012

Cancer can be a major cause of poverty. This may be due either to the costs of treating and managing the illness as well as its impact upon people's ability to work. This is a concern that particularly affects countries that lack comprehensive social health insurance systems and other types of social safety nets. The ACTION study is a longitudinal cohort study of 10,000 hospital patients with a first time diagnosis of cancer. It aims to assess the impact of cancer on the economic circumstances of patients and their households, patients' quality of life, costs of treatment and survival. Patients will be followed throughout the first year after their cancer diagnosis, with interviews conducted at baseline (after diagnosis), three and 12 months. A cross-section of public and private hospitals as well as cancer centers across eight member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) will invite patients to participate. The primary outcome is incidence of financial catastrophe following treatment for cancer, defined as out-of-pocket health care expenditure at 12 months exceeding 30% of household income. Secondary outcomes include illness induced poverty, quality of life, psychological distress, economic hardship, survival and disease status. The findings can raise awareness of the extent of the cancer problem in South East Asia and its breadth in terms of its implications for households and the communities in which cancer patients live, identify priorities for further research and catalyze political action to put in place effective cancer control policies.

• 한국가족복지학
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• 제43호
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• pp.61-85
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• 2014

본 연구는 여성가구주가 생계부양자로 노동시장에 진입한 이후 이들의 노동이행이 어떻게 이루어지며, 이들의 노동권 유지를 어렵게 만드는 기제가 무엇인지 살펴보는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해서 2011년부터 2013년까지 서울시에 거주하는 저소득 여성가구주 13명을 유의표집하고, 심층 면접하여 질적 사례연구방법을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 저소득 여성가구주들은 불안정한 2차 노동시장에서 끊임없이 수평 이동하는 것으로 나타났다. 저소득 여성가구주들은 불안정한 노동이 장기화 될 때 심각한 빈곤상태에 놓이게 되고, 이것은 공적지원 의존으로 이어졌다. 공적지원을 받는 여성가구주들은 조건부 수급원칙에 따라 일반노동시장에서 빈곤노동시장으로 수직하강이동하였다. 이러한 노동이행과정에서 저소득 여성가구주들은 노동시장의 구조적 차원, 사회관계적 차원, 젠더규범적 차원 등 다차원적인 측면에서 배제를 경험하였다. 성분절적이고 인적자본 중심의 노동시장은 돌봄노동으로 인해 경력이 단절된 여성가구주들을 안정적 노동에서 배제시킬 뿐 아니라, 여성생계부양자라는 낙인은 이들을 노동기회에서 배제시켰다. 또 여성가구주는 일과 돌봄의 양립이 어려울 때 스스로 노동시장에서 벗어났다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 저소득 여성가구주가 빈곤에서 벗어나 경제적으로 독립하기 위해서는 여성의 생애과정을 고려한 노동의 유연성과 안정성을 보장하는 적극적 노동시장정책과 돌봄의 사회화를 위한 제도적 노력, 젠더에 대한 사회적 인식 변화 등이 필요함을 제언하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권13호
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• pp.5349-5357
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• 2015

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer mortality among women of all ethnic and age groups in Malaysia. Delay in seeking help for breast cancer symptoms is preventable and by identifying possible factors for delayed diagnosis, patient prognosis and survival rates could be improved. Objectives: This narrative review aimed to understand and evaluate the level of in-depth breast cancer knowledge in terms of clinical breast examination and breast self-examination, and other important aspects such as side-effects and risk factors in Malaysian females. Since Malaysia is multicultural, this review assessed social perceptions, cultural beliefs and help-seeking behaviour in respect to breast cancer among different ethnic groups, since these may impinge on efforts to 'avoid' the disease. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search of seven databases was performed from December 2015 to January 2015. Screening of relevant published journals was also undertaken to identify available information related to the knowledge, perception and help-seeking behaviour of Malaysian women in relation to breast cancer. Results: A total of 42 articles were appraised and included in this review. Generally, women in Malaysia had good awareness of breast cancer and its screening tools, particularly breast self-examination, but only superficial in-depth knowledge about the disease. Women in rural areas had lower levels of knowledge than those in urban areas. It was also shown that books, magazines, brochures and television were among the most common sources of breast cancer information. Delay in presentation was attributed mainly to a negative social perception of the disease, poverty, cultural and religion practices, and a strong influence of complementary and alternative medicine, rather than a lack of knowledge. Conclusions: This review highlighted the need for an intensive and in-depth breast cancer education campaigns using media and community health programmes, even with the existing good awareness of breast cancer. This is essential in order to avoid misconceptions and to frame the correct mind-set about breast cancer among women in Malaysia. Socio-cultural differences and religious practices should be taken into account by health care professionals when advising on breast cancer. Women need to be aware of the risk factors and symptoms of breast cancer so that early diagnosis can take place and the chances of survival improved.

• 한국보건교육건강증진학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국보건교육건강증진학회 2004년도 국제학술대회
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• pp.111-129
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• 2004

이 논문은 공식적으로 건강한 공동체로 지정된 "건강한 공동체 접근"의 반경에 확장된 논쟁을 발전시켰으며 영국과국가적 정책에 건강을 증진시키기 위한 노력을 더욱 더 폭넓게 한 요소들을 제시하였다. 그것은 영국 북부의 주요 도시 Leeds에서 나온 예에서 나왔다. 특히 그것은 더 넓은 결정을 가진 자들에게 시민 건강의 향상시키기 위한 노력을 제시하였고, 그것은 또한 지역 사회의 참여와 다양한 요소들이 포함된 집합적인 대응이 요구된다. 불평등은 주요 문제로 인식되었으며, 빈곤 지역의 색출 및 그들을 향한 즉각적인 도움이 강조되었다. 어린 시절 가난과 빈곤에 대한 순화적 타파의 중요성이 언급되었다. 학교의 역할은 건강한 공동체와 위에서 언급된 건강증진 학교들간의 적합성과 일반적으로 건강에 기여하므로 그 중요한 요소로 보여진다. 건강 증진 학교는 젊은이들의 건강을 향상시킬 뿐만 아니라 그들 또한 지역 사회의 건강을 증진시킬 수 있는 동기유발과 인식, 그 기술들을 향상시킬 수 있다. 어린이 보행자 상해를 한 예로 사용하면, 이 논문은 그 문제와 원인은 단지 좁은 의미에서만 이해해서는 안 된다고 주장한다. 건강한 사회 운동은 우리에게 그 답은 가르쳐 주었고, 만약 그것이 효과적이라면 정책 결정 자들은 이에 주시하고 지역 환경에 적용시켜야 할 것이다. 단지 전통적인 건강 교육을 통한 행동 변화의 시도 대신에, 환경 그 자체가 건강이며 건강한 행동을 지지한다는데 인식이 필요하다. 이것을 성취하기 위해 우리는 정책 수립자들, 전문 직업인들 그리고 공동체 사이에 동기유발과 기술, 인지력을 발전시킬 필요가 있다. 이 "새로운 건강"교육은 더욱 전통적인 형식에서 제기된 건강 교육의 형태를 구별하기 위한 용어로 제시되었다.를 구별하기 위한 용어로 제시되었다.에 이르기까지 개략적인 계획이 개발되어 있다. 특히 취약계층의 건강권 보호와 건강증진을 위하여 취약계층이 주로 찾는 보건소 등 공공보건기관을 확충하고 기능을 강화시키는 것을 골자로 하여 공공보건기관 확충 및 도시형 보건지소 설치를 통한 의료취약지역 보건의료.건강증진서비스 제공 확대를 계획하고 있으며, 보건소.국공립병원.국공립대학병원을 연계하는 공보건의료전달체계를 구축하여 저소득층에게 양질의 보건의료서비스 제공하려고 한다. 그리고 가정간호사업 활성화 및 대도시 지역 방문보건사업 실시를 통해 저소득층의 의료비 부담을 경감시키려고 하고 있다. 국민건강증진종합계획에서는 건강증진사업의 효과적 추진을 위하여 중앙에 국민건강증진위원회를 구성하고, 도시형 보건지소 설치, 보건소 건강생활실천 사업확대 등을 주요내용으로 하고 있다. 사업에 따라서 국민건강증진기금뿐만 아니라 국비 및 지방비의 지원이 필요한 사업도 있다. 국민의 건강증진을 위하여 국민건강증진위원회 구성, 도시형 보건지소설치, 보건소의 건강생활실천사업 확대 등을 통해 사업기반을 구축하고 만성질환관리, 생애주기별 건강증진서비스 제공, 보건의료서비스의 형평성 제고 등 을 2010년까지 추진하는 것을 계획하고 있다. 정부의 건강증진 목표를 달성하기 위해서는 보건교육사업이 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있고 이에 따라 보건교육사의 역할은 더 확대될 전망이다. 주요 만성질환의 위험요인이 금연, 절주, 운동, 영양, 스트레스관리 등이며 이에 대한 적절한 과학적 정보의 수집이 필요하다. 보건교육사는 이러한 보건주제와 관련하여 행동변화의 훈련이 필요하다. 또한 건강증진사업이 지역사회의 보건소를 기반으로 하고 있으므로 지역사회내의 각 기관간 커뮤니케이션과 상호협력을 조정하는 일이 중요한 역할이 괼 전망이다. 또한 국민건강증진기

• 한국인구학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.54-66
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• 1988

I. Introduction Since the 1970's drug abuse among young people has increasingly become a social problem in Korea. In the 1980's, drug abuse, especially glue sniffing, has become the cause of many unfortunated incidents resulting in harm to others as well as the abusers themselves. Taking into consideration of the seriousness of this problem, the Republic of Korea National Red Cross initiated a nation-wide research programme, to understand the present situation and to raise the level of public awareness. The goal of this research was to begin a nation - wide campaign against drug abuse. The research team was composed of the Advisary Committee members and the staff of the Youth Department of the Republic of Korea National Red Cross. The data were collected in February 1988 with the collaboration of the staff and volunteers in the local Chapters. The respondents were allocated nation-wide by the quota sampling method. The questionnaires were distributed to the respondents in three groups :2, 700 to junior and senior high school students, 605 to working youths, and 916 to delinquent youths. A total of 4, 221 questionnaires were collected. II. Characteristics of the Respondents The respondents in each group were selected evenly from rural and urban areas. The general characteristics of the respondents can be described as follow: in case of students, the proportions between male and female respondents, and between senior high school and junior high school students were almost evenly distributed. In case of working youths, the proportion of females (80.5%) was higher than those of the students and the delinquents groups. Delinquent youths were defined as those currently being under custody of the centers for juvenile delinquents. Of this number, 38.8% and 68.2% were junior and senior high school drop-outs respectively. The majority of them (92.6%) were male. As for the family background of the respondents, the proportion of those residing in poverty - stricken areas, and the proportion of those from broken families were higher in case of working youths and delinquent youths than those in case of students. III. Present Patterns of Drug Abuse The following summarizes the presents of drug abuse, as tabulated from the results of the survey. 1. Smoking The percentage of youths who smoke was 36% in the student group, 32% m the working youths group, and 94.4% in the delinquent youths group. 2. Alcohol 50.3% of students, 71.6% of working youths, and 93.3% of delinquent youths has experienced drinking alcohol beverages. 3. Tonic: non - alcoholic, caffeinated beverages popular in Korea and Japan The percentage of those who have used tonic at least once was over 90% in all of the three groups. 4. Sedative About 70% of each group has used sedative with the proportion of working youths use higher than those in other groups. 5. Stimulants Those who have used stimulants comprised around 15% in each group. 6. Tranquilizers Somewhat less than 5% of students and working youths, and 28% of delinquent youths, have used tranquilizers. 7. Hypnotics The users of hypnotics amounted to 0.4% of students, 2.6% of working youths and 7.1% of delinquent youths. 8. Marihuana Those who have used marihuana indicated 0.7% of students, 0.8% of working youths, and 13% of delinquent youths. 9. Glue-sniffing The percentage of glue-sniffing was 3.7%, 5% in the students group and in the youths group respectively, but the proportion was unusually high, at 40.7% in the delinquent youths group. From the results of the survey the present situation of drug abuse in Korea can be summarized as follows: 1. A high percentage of Korean youths have experienced smoking cigarettes and drinking alcoholic beverages. 2. Tonics (non - alcoholic, caffeinated beverages), antipyretic analgesics and stimulants quite regularly used. 3. Tranquilizers, hypnotics, marihuana and glue-sniffing are more widely used among delinquent youths than the other youths. From this fact, there exists a correlation between drug abuse and juvenile delinquency. IV. Time-series Analysis of the First Experience of Drug Abuse and Deviant Behaviour The respoundents were asked when they were first exposed to drugs and when they committed deviant acts. By calculating the average age of each experience, the following pattern was found (See Figure 1). Youths are first exposed to drugs by abuse of tonic(non - alcoholic, caffeinated beverages). At the age of 13, they amoke cigarettes, the use of antipyretic analgesics begins at 14 year old, while at the age of 15, they use tranquilizers, and at 16 hynotics. The period of drug abuse which starts from drinking caffeinated beverages and smoking cigarettes and ends in the use of hypnotics takes about three years. During this period, other delinquent behaviours begin to surface, that is, at the age of 13 when smoking cigarettes begins, the delinquent behaviour pattern starts with truancy. Next, they start taking money from others by using physical force. Prior to the age of 15, they are suspended from school, become hostile to adults, begin running away from home, and start using stimulants and alcohol. Soon they become involved even in glue-sniffing and in the use of marihuana. At the age of 15, they begin to see adult videos and carry weapons. Sexual promiscuity and usage of tranquilizers follows the viewing of adult videos. Consequently, by the time they reach the age of 16, they visit drinking establishments, and are picked up by police for committing delinquent acts. And finally, they come to use hypnotic - type drugs. From the above descriptions, drug abuse can be assumed to have a close correlation with delinquent behaviour. V. Social Factors Related to Drug Abuse As for the Korean youths, glue-sniffing is found to he related to aggressive delinquency, in such cases as run - aways, being picked up by the police, and taking money by force. Smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol is found to be related to seeing adult videos and visiting drinking establishments. Hypnotics and marihuana were found to be representive of drugs which are related to degenerational delinquency, irrespective of social delinquency. The social factors connected with these drug abuse are as follows: 1. Individual factors Male students were more heavily involved in the usage of drug than females. Youths who do not attend church were more likely to be involved in drugs than those who attend. 2. Family factors The youths who were displeased with their mothers smoking and those who thought their parents did not love each other, or those whose parents had used drugs without prescription, were more likely to he drug users. 3. School factors Those youths who found school life boring, were unsuccessful in their studies, spend most of their time with friends, feel their teachers smoke too much, those who had a positive perception of their teachers smoking were likely to he drug users. To sum up, drug abusers depend on the influence of their parents, teachers and peers. IV. Reasons for Drug Abuse Korean students have mainly used drugs to release stress (42.8%), to stay awake (19.7%), and because of the easy accessibility of drugs( 16.6%). Other reasons are due to their ignorance of the side effects of the drugs (3.6%), natural curiosity (4.2%), and to increase strength(3.O%). From the above facts, the major reasons for drug abuse among Korean youths are to release stress and to stay awake in order to prepare exams. Furthermore, since drugs are readily available, we can conclude that drug abuse is caused by the school system(such as entrance exams) in Korea. VII. Conclusion Drug usage among Korean youths are relatively less common than those of western youths. In some cases, such as, glue-sniffing and use of stimulants, the pattern of drug abuse is found. Moreover, early drug abuse is evident, and it has a close connection with deviant behaviour, resulting in juvenile delinquency. Drug abuse cannot be attributed to any one social factor. Specifically, drug abuse depends on parents, peers, teachers and other members of the community, and also is influenced by social institutions such as the entrance exam system. Every person and organization concerned with youth must participate collectively in restraining drug abuse. Finally, it is suggested that social agencial working for youth welfare should make every effort to tackle this serious problem confronted by the Korean youths today.