• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.249-256
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• 1998

Glial fibrillary acidic proteins (GFAP) are a group of intermediate filaments that are distributed in the cytoplasm of glial cells. GFAP immunoreactivity (GFAP-IR) increase after central and peripheral nerve injuries. The purpose of this study was to determine change of GFAP-IR in rat trigeminal ganglion satellite cells following the axotomy of inferior alveolar nerve(IAN). The immunohistochemistry was carried out using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex(ABC) method. 1. Control group : Astrocytes in central root of trigeminal ganglion had strong GFAP-IR, but satellite cells of trigeminal ganglion occasionally had GFAP-IR. The patterns of reactivity in satellite cells of trigeminal ganglion were not concenturated in any specific region of trigeminal ganglion. 2. Three day group after IAN axotomy : There were highly GFAP-IR in satellite cells of trigeminal ganglion in mandibular region. GFAP-IR in maxillary and ophthalmic regions were less intense compared to mandibular region. 3. Seven day group after IAN axotomy : GFAP-IR that were increased compared to control group were seen in the mandibular region. But GFAP-IR were less intense compared to three day group. These results suggest that GFAP-IR increase in specific region of trigeminal ganglion following peripheral axotomy. therefore we suppose that GFAP study offer research tool in trigeminal neuralgia.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.152-157
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• 1990

The present study, using immunohistochemical procedure, was carried out to determine the localization of immunostainable $\beta$-endorphin cells in the mouse ovarian tissues. Mature female mice were perfused with 4% neutral buffered paraformaldehyde under anesthesia and then frozen-sections were immunostained with anti $\beta$-endorphin antiserum according to ABC technique. Immunoreactive $\beta$-endorphin was found in the luteal cells of corpus lutea, but not in the thecal cells. More strong immunostaining signak were observed in large corpus luteum, in particular, the regressing luteal cells. Primary and secondary follicles did not show any immunoreactivity of $\beta$-endorphin, but granulosa cells lining the antral cavity of large antral follicles contained immunoreactive $\beta$-endorphin.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.364-373
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• 1994

Alpha 1-Proteinase inhibitor[PI] was known as a major protective enzyme against to excessive hydrolytic and proteolytic reaction. So, it was suggested that Alpha 1-PI may implicated in growth of bronchogenic cancer. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of Alpha 1-PI in local invasion of bronchogenic cancer. Three groups of patients were studied; Preliminary research group of 15 bronchogenic cancer patients, Main research group of 13 bronchogenic cancer patients and Normal control group of 10 nephrectomy donor. Serum Alpha 1-PI level was observed in each group of patients during pre-and postoperative days. Pre-operative serum Alpha 1-PI level in preliminary research group [329.2$\pm$14.21mg/dl]and main research group[406.2$\pm$39.30mg/dl] were higher than in normal control group[236.2$\pm$19.55mg/dl] significantly[p<0.005]. Serial Alpha 1-PI level in each group during pre-and postoperative days shows peaked at 3rd. postoperative day in preliminary and main research group, thereafter decreased gradually. Immunohistochemical study for Alpha 1-antitrypsin[A1AT] was carried out by ABC[avidin-biotin peroxidase complex] method using Alpha-1 antitrypsin DAKOR to tumor tissues of 13 lung cancer patients in main research group. 6 cases[46.2%, squamous cell ca.;5, adenocarcinoma;1] of above 13 cases show positive immunoreactivity for A1AT. In conclusion, alpha 1-PI and elastase are disclosed that have defined actions for lung cancer growing or spreading.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.235-244
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• 1997

The present study was performed to investigate the patterns of appearance of lectin in trachea of fetuses of 60, 90 and 120 days old and neonates of Korean native goat. Carbohydrate markers were used in histochemistry for the determination of the lectin by staining of avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex(ABC), and the markers consisted of biotin-labeled concanavalin A(Con A), dolichos biflorus agglutinin(DBA), rincinus communis agglutinin(RCA-I), ulexeuropalus communis agglutinin(UEA) and wheat germ agglutinin(WGA). 1. The Con A-binding reactions appeared moderately on the apical surface of the tracheal epithelia in 60 days old fetuses, and the reactions were similar on the tracheal epithelia and glands in 90 and 120 days old fetuses and neonates. 2. Reaction of the DBA appeared as the strongest meanwhile the DBA-binding reactions were determined strongly on the apical surface of the tracheal epithelia in the 60 days old fetuses. Reaction for the DBA on the tracheal epithelia and glands of 90 and 120 days old fetuses and neonates were in same manner. 3. The RCA-I-binding reactions appeared very strongly on the apical surface of the tracheal epithelia in 60 and 90 days old fetuses. Reaction to the RCA-1 appeared moderately on certain apical surface of tracheal epithelia and glands in 120 days old fetuses and neonates. 4. No reactions provoked for the UEA in trachea of 60 days old fetuses and neonates, but the UEA-binding reactions appeared moderately in the tracheal epithelia of 90 days old fetuses and weakly in 120 days old fetuses. 5. The WGA-binding reactions appeared very strongly on the apical surface of the tracheal epithelia in 60 and 90 days old fetuses, and moreover, the reactions were determined on the luminal surface of the tracheal gland in 90 days old fetuses. On the other hand, goblet cells of the tracheal epithelia and glands in neonates reacted moderately to the WGA.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.411-427
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to observe the healing process and the distribution of fibronectin in injured condylar cartilage and bone by using LM and SEM. In order to perform this study, 40 male rat, weighing about 250g were selected. Under general anesthesia with Pentobarbital sodium, condylar cartilage and neck bone were resected. Then, the wound was irrigated with saline and closed with 5-0 chromic catgut and 4-0 silk by layer-to-layer suturing. The experimental rats were sacrificed by perfusion with 3% paraformaldehyde at 1st and 4th week after operation. The condylar process and surrounding tissues were cut, demineralized, dehydrated and embedded in paraffin. The histological observation of the specimens in LM level was performed after H-E stain and Azan stain. For localization of fibronectin, immunostaining was achieved by the avidin-biotin complex method. To study the change on condylar surface, the specimens were dehydrated, dried, gold coated and were observed with a scanning electron microscope(Hitachi S-2300). The results were as follows ; 1. The cartilage group and the bone group were repaired with epiphyseal cartilage layer on the cut surface as the normal control group. 2. The cut surface was repaired more quickly in the cartilage group than in the bone group. 3. Chondrocytes, diferentiated during healing, were stained strongly to anti-fibronectin, and fibronectin was supposed to participatein chondrocyte differentiation and cartilagenous matrix formation. 4. Fibronectin was distributed more in the new bone than in the old bone, and the osteoblasts surrounding it were also stained strongly. Fibronectin was supposed to participate in new bone matrix formation. 5. Fibronectin is supposed to be associated with the differentiation, migration and adhesion of chondrocyte and osteoblast and to participate in endochondral bone formation.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.381-386
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• 2008

Lipophilic ammonia is toxic gas and can easily diffuse across cell membranes. Excess ammonia is implicated in the pathogenesis of several metabolic disorders including hepatic encephalopathy and may result in the death. The purpose of this study was to clarify the inhibition effect of metronidazole on liver cell damage due to ammonia in human Hep G2 cell and rat hepatocytes. The effects of metronidazole were studied in ammonium chloride treated human Hep G2 cell (75 mM) and rat hepatocyte (100 mM) following $0.1{\mu}M$ metronidazole treatment. In MTZ+AC group, cell viabilities increased prominently and LDH activities decreased over 25% than AC group. Furthermore, ammonia level according to ammonium chloride treatment reduced over 30% and lipid peroxidation as an index of cell membrane damage decreased more than twice. By comparison with control, catalase activity showed more than 30% reduction in AC group while less than 10% reduction in MTZ+AC group, respectively. In addition, MTZ+AC group showed the similar cell structure as control in cell morphology study by using light microscope, and represented fluorescent intensity decrement compared with AC group in fluorescent microscopic study with avidin-TRITC fluorescent dye. And cleaved PARP expression due to ammonia reduced twofold or more in MTZ+AC group. As the results suggest, metronidazole may protect the liver cell by inhibiting cell damages due to ammonia and be used for an effective antagonist of ammonia in hyperammonemia.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.84-90
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• 1996

New hepatocyte specific copolymers, that have oligosaccharide and biotin residue on the side chain of styrene, were designed and synthesized to use as a multifunctional recognition. In order to measure initial adhesion efficiency, 1mL of copolymer solutions (0.01%, w/v) such as p(VLA-co-VBA) 90 : 10, p(VLA-co-VBA) 80 : 10 and PYLA as a standard were added to polystyrene petri dish, respectively. In the absence and presence of serum, hepatocyte solution of rat by method of Seglen was added. After 60 min, adhesion efficiency was 70%, that is similar to those of the absence of serum. Aggregation capacity between biotin residue in p(VLA-co-VBA) 70 : 30 and avidin was measured by using UV-transmittance.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 1998

Mutant form of the p53 gene product is abnormally accumulated in the nuclei of the tumor cells due to prolonged half life, and readily detected by immunohistochemical methods. To determine the positivity rate of p53 in body cavity fluid according the primary site and histological types of tumors and the utility of p53 immunostaining as an adjunct in the diagnosis of malignancy, we reviewed 69 effusions, including pleural effusion, ascitic fluid, and pericardial fluid, that were diagnosed as overt malignancy and 21 effusions of suspicious malignancy, immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded cell blocks using a monoclonal antibody to p53 supressor gene product(Clone DO7) and a standard avidin-biotin complex technique with a citrate buffer antigen retrieval solution. The results were as follows; of the 46 pleural effusions with overt malignancy, 22 were immunopositive for p53 protein; of the 21 ascitic fluids with overt malignancy, 5 were positive for p53. Positivity rates according to the primary sites of tumors were 18 of 34(52.9%), 8 of 21(38.1%), 1 of 9(11.1%) cases of the tumors of the lung, GI tract, and ovary, respectively. According to the histologic types of lung cancer, 11 cases(61.6%) were positive out of 18 adenocarcinomas, 2 of 5 large cell undifferentiated carcinomas, and 1 of 2 small cell undifferentiated carcinomas. Of 21 cases of suspicious malignancy, 6 were positive for p53 and all of them(6/6) were confirmed as adenocarcinoma of the lung or GI tract. These findings indicate that p53 immunostaining using paraffin embedded cell block is useful diagnostic and prognostic marker in body fluid cytology although negative immunostaining does not exclude malignancy.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.35-53
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• 1996

The development and repair requires the formation of new tissues comprised of various extracellular matrix components. The present study investigated the formation and distribution of the major ECM components such as type I collagen, type III collagen, fibronection, bone sialoprotein, and osteonection during development and repair. For developing observation. Sprague-Dawley rats weighing $27{\pm}1gm$ were sacrificed. For repair observation, Sprague-Dawley rats weighing $110{\pm}5gm$ were used. The pulp perforation were prepared on mesial surface of the maxillary first molar by using 1/2round bur. At 5 days after perforation, rats were sacrificed by perfusion with 3 % paroformaldehyde. The maxillary first molar region were cut, demineralized, dehydrated and embedded in paraffin. Immunostaining the ECM components was achieved by the avidin-biotin complex method. The results as follows : 1. Bright immunoreaction for fibronectin was present in the basement membrane at the inner epithelial-mesenchymal interface, especially concentrated in the blood vessel walls, cell membrane of odontoblasts, and initial predentin. 2. Type I and III collagen was observed in the newly formed pulp tissue, predentin, and its intensity increased as more of these components during repair. 3. Strong immunostaining for bone sialoprotein and osteonectin was found in dentin while no or weaker staining was observed loose connective tissue of the pulp. 4. These results suggest that develpment and repair is achieved through a series of cell differentiation and attachment by the specific ECM components.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.400-405
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• 2004

Angiogenesis inhibition is major concern to cancer chemotherapy and many studies about compound inhibiting angiogenesis is in progression. The long-known preventive effect of plant-based diet on tumorigenesis and other chronic diseases is well documented. Especially soy extract, genistein, is known to be potent angiogenesis inhibitor and prevent development and progression of tumor. In the present study, the effect of angiogenesis on tumorigenesis and chemopreventive effect of genistein by angiogenesis inhibition in hamster buccal pouch oral carcinigenesis model induced by 7.12-dimethylbenza(a)nthracene (DMBA) was studied. Forty eight Syrian Golden young adult hamsters (150-200 gm) were divided into two groups. In control group, 0.5% DMBA in heavy mineral oil was applied to hamster buccal pouch three times a week and in experimental group, 0.1 mg of genistein is administered orally everyday in addition to DMBA application. The animals were euthanized from 2 weeks to 16 weeks with interval of 2 week. H&E staining and immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate microvessel density by using factor VIII-related antigen and avidin-biotin technique. Microvessels per area was quantified and compared between control and experimental group statistically. The results were as follows. 1. Microvessel density was increased time dependently in both groups and especially the increase was significant from 12 weeks to 16 weeks. 2. When comparing both group, the experimental group showed significantly low microvessel density than control group in 12 weeks (p=0.043), 14 weeks (p=0.050), 16 weeks (p=0.037). Based on these results, it was concluded that genistein influenced oral carcinogenesis by angiogenesis inhibition.