• 한국의류학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.821-833
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to provide basic information about body proportion characteristics, and the level of body cathexis and fit satisfaction related to those characteristics. It is hoped that this will help to improve ready-to-wear satisfaction in middle-aged women. In order to achieve this purpose, the body proportion characteristics of middle-aged women were measured and were compared with that of standard and ideal body types. Then, the body cathexis and fit satisfaction according to these characteristics was analyzed. Finally, the following results were obtained. First, the average height of middle-aged women was 6.87 head, waist length was 58.9% of height, and knee length was 25.6% of height. In frontal appearance, the hip width, shoulder width, and chest width were wider than waist width(24%, 20%, and 11% respectively). Chest and hip depths was thicker than waist depth(19% and 17% respectively). Second, in lengths proportion, their lower body was shorter than the standard body shape for women in their 20s'. Also the difference between the width of frontal appearance and depth proportion of side appearance was small, suggesting a more slender silhouette among the middle aged women. Finally, middle-aged women who were not wide or big in the chest had higher satisfaction with their bodies. As shoulder width and chest depth became small, the fit satisfaction of upper clothes increased. While longer lower body had higher fit satisfaction with pants crotch, shorter lower body had higher fit satisfaction with waist and abdominal parts.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.113-130
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• 2005

With a view to developing male dress forms for educational purposes, human body measurement was made for male adults in their twenties residing in Busan, Korea. Based on the results, the following conclusion was obtained: 1. Comparison d the measurement in Busan and the data of the 5th Korean physical dimensions(Size Korea) In the comparison of the Busan male adults in their 20s with national physical dimensions(Size Korea) by way of the Mollison relational deviation line, all the 28 items revealed differences less than 0.7. As the Busan sample reflects the body type d the average Korean men in their 20s, Busan's measurement results can be safely used as the data for dress form development. 2. Results of front body type classification According to the factor analysis, seven factors of the front body type were produced to explain 77.25%. The factors were shoulder angles, waist height, hip shapes, chest shapes, proportion of body(chest, waist, hip)width to shoulder width and so on. Cluster analysis brought about three somatotype groups. First, the body type with the least differences in hip-waist width, shoulder-waist with, and hip angles (24,23% in appearance) was named Type H. Second, the body type with the most chest-waist width and hip angles (38.66% in appearance) was called Type Sam X Third, the body type with the greatest shoulder-chest width, shoulder-hip width, and shoulder angles (37.11% in appearance) was termed Type Y.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2013

This study reports the discovery of two oxytrichid ciliates, Cyrtohymena primicirrata (Berger and Foissner, 1987) and Oxytricha granulifera Foissner and Adam, 1983, in Jeju Island, Korea. The morphology of the two species was studied using live observation and protargol impregnation. These species are described as follows: Cyrtohymena primicirrata has a body size in live specimens $90-140{\times}40-60{\mu}m$, length : width ratio 2.3 : 1 on average; elongated and slender obovate in outline of body. Cortical granules are shiny yellow on the ventral and dorsal side. Adoral zone of membranelles (AZM) is covering about 48% of the cell with about 38 adoral membranelles. Arrangement of undulating membranes is ordinary Cyrtohymena pattern. Dorsal kineties is six rows with $5{\mu}m$ long bristles. Oxytricha granulifera has a body size in live specimens $90-115{\times}25-38{\mu}m$, length : width ratio 3.31 on average; elongated ellipsoidal in outline of body. Cortical granules are colorless on the ventral and dorsal side. AZM is covering 28% of the cell length in vivo with about 24 adoral membranelles. Arrangement of undulating membranes is Oxytricha pattern. Dorsal kineties is five rows with about $3{\mu}m$ long dorsal bristles.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.978-986
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• 1999

In this study, the general thermal and flow characteristics of flat tube with micro-channels has been studied and the correlation of Nusselt number and friction factor is proposed. The optimal flat tube geometry is determined by optimal design process. It is assumed to be a three dimensional laminar flow in the analysis of thermal and flow characteristics. The periodic boundary condition is applied since the geometry of flat tube with micro-channels shows uniform cross-section in primary flow direction. Local Nusselt number is examined for thermal characteristics of each membrane, and module average Nusselt number and friction factor are calculated to determine the characteristics of the heat transfer and pressure drop in overall flat tube with microchannels. The correlations between Nusselt number and friction factor are given by Reynolds number, aspect ratio of membranes, and the width of flat tube. ALM (Augmented Lagrangian Multiplier) method is applied to the correlations to determine an optimal shape of flat tube. It is shown that the optimal aspect ratio of flat tube is approximately 1.0, irrespective of the width of flat tube and Reynolds number.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.269-272
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• 1998

Characteristics of seed and plant growth of the nine local collections of the medicinal plant, Agastache rugosa were evaluated. Seed size of the collection from Garyungsan was larger than the others. Seeds of Damyang collection were the smallest in size. Seeds of the collections were mostly oval shaped. There were no differences between brown and black seed coat color groups in seed width, ratio of seed length to seed width and 1,000 seed weight. Stem lengths of Garyungsan and Bongpyung collections were 99.9 and 95.6 cm, respectively, and were longer than Damyang and Jindo collections. Garyungsan collection had long leaf shape. Leaf size was the smallest for Damyang collection, but was the largest for Bongpyung collection. Inflorescence length of Mokpo collection (15.6 cm) was longer than the average over all collections (12.3 cm). Damyang collection was the shortest (10.1 cm) in inflorescence. Top dry weight of each collection from Soonchun, Bongpyung, Mokpo, Jindo, and Gurye was greater than the average over all collections (20.38 g/plant). Jinju and Damyang collections had less top dry matter than others. There was no difference in the growth traits examined between brown and black seed coat groups. The brown seed group was greater in leaf weight than the black seed group. However, these two groups were not different in stem and inflorescence weight. Collections of A. rugosa from Bongpyung, Soonchun, and Mokpo were promising for commercial cultivation because of their great top dry weight, especially in leaf and inflorescence.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.887-895
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• 2006

Through this research of the analysis on the frequency flood discharges regarding basin property factors, a linear regression system was introduced, and as a result, the item with the highest correlation with the frequency flood discharges from Nakdong river basin is the basin area, and the second highest is the average width of basin and the river length. The following results were obtained after looking at the multi correlation between the flood discharge and the collected basin property factors using the data from the established river maintenance master plan of the one hundred twenty-five rivers in the Nakdong river basin. The result of analysis on multivariate correlation between the flood discharges and the most basic data in determining the flood discharges as basin area, river length, basin slope, river slope, average width of basin, shape factor and probability precipitation showed more than 0.9 of correlation in terms of the multi correlation coefficient and more than 0.85 for the determination coefficient. The model which induced a regression system through multi correlation analysis using basin property factors is concluded to be a good reference in estimating the design flood discharge of unmeasured basin.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.440-449
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• 2003

Residual strength of fiber metal laminates after impact was studied. 3/4 lay up FML was fabricated using 4 ply prepreg, 2 ply aluminum sheets, and 1 ply steel sheet. Quasi isotropic ([0/45/90/-45]s) and orthotropic ([0/90/0/90]s) FRP were also fabricated to compare with FML. Impact test were conducted by using instrumented drop weight impact machine (Dynatup, Model 8250). Penetration load and absorbed energy of FML were superior to those of FRPs. Tensile tests were conducted to evaluate the residual strength after impact. Strength degradation of FML was less than that of FRP. This means that the damage tolerance of FML is excellent than that of FRP. Residual strength of each specimen was predicted by using Whitney and Nuismer(WN) Model. Impact damage area is assumed as a circular notch in WN model. Damage width is defined as the average of back face and top face damage width of each specimen. Average stress and point stress criterions were used to calculate the characteristic length. It is supposing that a characteristic length is a constant. The distribution of characteristic length shows that the assumption is reasonable. Prediction was well matched with experiment under both stress criterions.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2020

Prediction of clock behaviors is necessary to generate very high stable system time which is essential for a satellite navigation system. For the purpose, we applied the Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model to the prediction of two hydrogen masers' behaviors with respect to the rapid Coordinated Universal Time (UTCr). Using the packaged programming language R, we made an analysis and prediction of time series data of [UTCr - clocks]. The maximum variation width of the residuals which were obtained by the difference between the predicted and measured values, was 6.2 ns for 106 days. This variation width was just one-sixth of [UTCr-UTC (KRIS)] published by the BIPM for the same period. Since the two hydrogen masers were found to be strongly correlated, we applied the Vector Auto-Regressive Moving Average (VARMA) model for more accurate prediction. The result showed that the prediction accuarcy was improved by two times for one hydrogen maser.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.319-325
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• 2010

The purpose of this research was to investigate the differences in the ski carving turn motion according to level of expertise. The posture and movement of 6 skiers nearby the fall-line was evaluated with a biomechanical approach focusing the rotational mechanics. The slope was at an angle of $9^{\circ}$ and the following variables were measured and calculated: tangential velocity, change of COM height after passing fall-line, width between feet, angle between upper body and thigh, trunk angle, average radius of curvature and average centripetal force. The expert skiers minimized their center of mass height movement and maintained the width of between their feet after the passing the fall-line in comparison with the beginners and intermediate skiers. The experts restrained themselves from pushing their upper body downward after the turn to maximize the centripetal force. The experts in comparison with the beginners and intermediate skiers during the turn didn't have to reduce their radius of curvature to maintain a high centripetal force. It was concluded, that the most important factor affecting the centripetal force, was for the beginners and intermediate skiers, to minimize their movement while using the appropriate amount of edging.

• KCI Concrete Journal
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.55-72
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• 2000

This paper proposes a mechanical model to describe the load-deformation responses of the reinforced concrete plate members under service load state. An Analytical method is introduced on the basis of the rotating crack model which considers equilibrium, compatibility conditions, load-strain relationship of cracked member, and constitutive law for materials. The tension stiffening effect in reinforced concrete structures is taken into account by the average tensile stress-strain relationship from the load-strain relationship for the cracked member and the constitutive law for material. The strain compatibility is used to find out the crack direction because the crack direction is an unknown variable in the equilibrium and compatibility conditions. The proposed theory is verified by the numerous experimental data such as the crack direction, moment-steel strain relationship, moment-crack width relationship. The present paper can provide some basis for the provision of the definition of serviceability for plate structures of which reinforcements are deviated from the principal stresses, because the present code defines the serviceability by the deflection, crack control, vibration and fatigue basically for the skeletal members. The proposed theory is applicable to predict the service load state behavior of a variety of reinforced concrete plate structures such as skew slab bridges, the deck of skew girder bridges.