• 응용통계연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.281-301
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 일변량 정규분포를 따르는 확률변수의 관측치열에 대한 변화점 문제(change point problem)를 고찰한다. 변화점의 존재유무, 그리고 만일 변화점이 존재한다면 어떠한 유형으로 발생했는지 즉, 변화점 발생 이후로 평균만 변화, 분산만 변화, 또는 평균과 분산 모두가 변화했는지를 밝힌다. 가능한 여러 유형의 변화모형들 가운데 최적의 모형을 선택하기 위해 베이지안 모형선택 기법을 이용하고, 선택된 모형에 내재된 모수를 추정 하기 위해 메트로폴리스-혜스팅스 알고리 즘을 포함한 깁스샘플링 을 이용한다. 이러한 방법론은 모의실험을 통해 검토되고, 또한 서울지역의 겨울철 평균기온 자료에 적용된다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.637-646
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• 2012

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop the adaptive device for severe physical disabilities using smart device in the driving simulator and its performance evaluation. Development of appropriate driving adaptive device for the people with serious physical limitation could contribute to maintain their community mobility. Background: There is lack of adaptive driving devices for the people with disabilities in Korea. However, if smart device systems like iPod and iPhone are used for driving a car, the people with serious physical limitations can improve their community mobility. Method: Both gyroscope and accelerometer from iPod were used to measure the tilted angle of the smart device for driving. Customized Labview program was also used to control three axis motors for steering wheel, accelerator and brake pedals. Thirteen subjects were involved in the experiment for performance evaluation of smart device in simulator. Five subjects had driver licenses. Another four subjects did not have driver licenses. Others were people with disabilities. Results: Average driving score of the normal group with driver license in the simulator increased 46.6% compared with the normal group without driver license and increased 30.4% compared with the disabled group(p<0.01). There was no significant difference in the average driving score between normal group without driver license and disabled group(p>0.05). Conclusion: The normal group with driver license showed significantly higher driving score than other groups. The normal group without driver license and disabled group could improve their driving skills with training in simulator. Application: If follow-up studies would be continued and applied in adapted vehicle for on road environment, many people with more severe disabilities could drive and improve the quality of life.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quantitative strain elastography of tongue carcinoma using intraoral ultrasonography. Materials and Methods: Two patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) who underwent quantitative strain elastography for the diagnosis of tongue lesions using intraoral ultrasonography were included in this prospective study. Strain elastography was performed using a linear 14 MHz transducer (Aplio 300; Canon Medical Systems, Otawara, Japan). Manual light compression and decompression of the tongue by the transducer was performed to achieve optimal and consistent color coding. The variation in tissue strain over time caused by the compression exerted using the probe was displayed as a strain graph. The integrated strain elastography software allowed the operator to place circular regions of interest (ROIs) of various diameters within the elastography window, and automatically displayed quantitative strain (%) for each ROI. Quantitative indices of the strain (%) were measured for normal tissues and lesions in the tongue. Results: The average strain of normal tissue and tongue SCC in a 50-year-old man was 1.468% and 0.000%, respectively. The average strain of normal tissue and tongue SCC in a 59-year-old man was 1.007% and 0.000%, respectively. Conclusion: We investigated the quantitative strain elastography of tongue carcinoma using intraoral ultrasonography. Strain elastography using intraoral ultrasonography is a promising technique for characterizing and differentiating normal tissues and SCC in the tongue.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.454-463
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to assess the biochemical nutritional status of the long-lived elderly. The subjects of the study were 148 elderly people of age over 85 years living in Kyungpook Sung-Ju area who have no problem in daily living. The anthropometric measurement and biochemical assessment of the blood sample were carried out. The subject group for this study was composed of 25.9% males and 74.1% females, the average age being 87 years old. The mean Body Mass Index(BMI) of the male and female subjects were 20.7 and 21.2 respectively. The average body fat amounts of the male and female were 21.4% and 29.8% respectively, and the average waist/hip ratios were 0.9 and 0.7 respectively. The mean levels of the total blood protein and albumin of the subjects were in the normal ranges. The mean levels of serum cholesterol and triglyceride were 167.9mg /dL and 123.9mg/dL respectively. The mean levels of the subjects below normal range of hemoglobin were 63.5%. Serum levels of antioxidant nutrients were very poor. The mean levels of serum lipid peroxidation products were 3.3nmol/mL. BMI and WHR were positively correlated with the serum cholesterol levels. The resuts showed that the long-lived elderly had good nutritional status except for antioxidant nutrients status. In addition antioxidant supplement for long-lived elderly may be effective to maintain healthy life in later years.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2010

Purpose: Anterior drawer and varus stress test are commonly used for radiologic evaluation of chronic lateral ankle instability. However, there are controversies regarding the method of measurement and the normal value. This study was performed to investigate radiologic normal values in normal Korean adults and to analyze differences by age and gender. Materials and Methods: Sixty Korean adults were recruited and divided in three groups (20 in their twenties, 20 in their thirties, 20 in their forties). There were 10 males and 10 females in each group. The selection criteria were no history of ankle injury and no evidence of instability on physical examination. Radiologic measurement of varus talar tilt and anterior talar translation were performed through anterior and varus stress radiographs using Telos device (150N force). The measurement was repeated twice by three researchers, and intraobserver reproducibility and interobserver reliability were analyzed. The average talar tilt and anterior talar translation were obtained. Results: Talar tilt and anterior talar translation on ankle stress radiographs had good intraobserver reproducibility and interobserver reliability. Talar tilt was average $3.7^{\circ}$ and $5.1^{\circ}$ in male and female of twenties of age, $3.9^{\circ}$ and $4.8^{\circ}$ in their thirties, $3.4^{\circ}$ and $4.5^{\circ}$ in their forties. Anterior talar translation was average 3.5 mm and 4.2 mm in their twenties, 4.1 mm and 3.8 mm in their thirties, 3.6 mm and 4.1 mm in their forties. There was no significant difference in talar tilt and anterior talar translation by age. However, there was significant difference in talar tilt by gender. Conclusion: Normal range of talar tilt angle in Korean adults was below $8.3^{\circ}$, and normal range of anterior talar translation was below 7.6 mm. It seems to be able to serve as a good reference for radiologic evaluation and for treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
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• pp.2567-2572
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• 2007

The suppression of fluid force acting on a square prism near plane wall was studied by attaching fences on the corners of the prism. The height of the fence was 10% of the square width and the range of Reynolds number considered was Re=$2.0{\times}10^4$. The experimental parameters were the attaching position and numbers of fences, the space ratios G/B(G/B=0.1${\sim}$1.2) between prism and plane wall. The average drag coefficients were increased and the average lift coefficients were decreased and increased with the space ratios toward plane wall. The drag of the prism was reduced average 7.6% with the space ratios by attaching the normal fence at the rear and upper corner and the horizontal normal fence at the rear and lower corner on the prism. In this case, the separated flow at the front and upper corner was reattached on the upper side of the prism and the vortex streets between the prism and plane wall were appeared more slowly than that of prism without fences.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.661-668
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• 1997

Portal blood flow was measured with pulsed doppler ultrasound in thirty normal dogs. In normal dogs, the average portal blood flow velocity was $17.03{\pm}1.75cm/sec$ and the average portal blood flow was $41.59{\pm}10.10ml/min/kg$. The incident angle between the doppler beam and the portal vein averaged $65^{\circ}$. The average portal vein sectional area was $0.41{\pm}0.14cm^2$. The Congestion index was $0.0245{\pm}0.0081cm{\cdot}sec$. Conclusively, the spectral doppler ultrasonography was quick, non-invasive and simple diagnostic method in circulatory disorders of liver.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.830-836
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• 2001

The purposes of this study were to : (a) analyze the portion size & plate waste of normal & soft diets provided by dietetic departments in hospital, (b) investigate the factors affecting plate waste, and (c) determine the nutritional & monetary value of plate waste. A questionnaire for food preference and sensory evaluation was developed and a survey was carried out for the 46 normal diet and 56 soft diet patients in Sanggye Paik hospital in Seoul. Serving size and plate waste were weighed by the electric scale, and CAN-Pro program was used to evaluate the nutrition value. The data were analyzed using the SAS package program for descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. The average plate waste rate for normal diet and soft diet were 30.3% and 49.6%. More plate waste amount occurred on female patients'diet than male patients'diets regardless of the kind of diet. The plate waste percentage of male patients were higher than those of female on normal diet. On soft diet, patients who hospitalized in surgery or pediatrics department were higher than in other wards. Plate waste of normal diet and amount were correlated positively, but wastage and preference were correlated negatively Negative correlation was between taste and plate waste, and between temperature and plate waste, too. On the other hand, plate waste caused the deficiency of some nutrients such as Ca, Fe, Vit. B$_2$and a great monetary loss.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.29-32
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• 1998

다면체를 부드럽게 렌더링하기 위해서는 각 꼭지점에서의 법선 벡터가 필요하다. 기장 흔히 쓰는 법선 벡터 계산 방법은 꼭지점 주변 면들의 법선 벡터들을 평균하는 것인데, 이 방법은 면들이 어떻게 분할 되어 있는지에 영향을 받으며, 따라서 비록 모델을 연속되게 변형하더라도 면 분할을 행하고 나면 법선 벡터들이 연속되지 않게 변할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점들을 해결하기 위하여 기존의 방법을 약간 변형한 법선 벡터 계산 방법을 제시한다. 이 방법에서는 꼭지점 주변 면들의 법선 벡터를 가중합하여 구하는데, 한 면의 가중치는 꼭지점에 걸쳐있는 두 모서리가 이루는 각으로 정한다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.478-485
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the change of area and average velocity of the center of pressure (COP) according to gait improvement in post-stroke hemiplegic patients.Methods: We measured the area and the average velocity of COP displacement of ten post-stroke hemiplegic patients while they stood quietly on a force plate at the time of dependent and independent gait . We also measured the area and the average velocity of COP displacement of normal persons to verify differences between them and post-stroke hemiplegic patients.Results: The area of COP displacement decreased significantly, and the average velocity of COP displacement tended to decrease, but not significantly. There were significant differences in the area and the average velocity of COP displacement between post-stroke hemiplegic patients and normal persons.Conclusions: The results of this study show that postural control ability improves as gait improves.