• The Korean journal of sports medicine
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.189-196
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the difference of body mass index (BMI) to smart phone proficiency in men and women over the age of 60. Methods: Patients were divided into three groups with high (n=33), average (n=34), and low (n=33) smart phone proficiency. Fitness characteristics related to smart phone usage were evaluated by measuring cardiorespiratory endurance, grip strength, eye-hand coordination. As well, smart phone proficiency was evaluated by a self-reported questionnaire and a smart phone usability task that was composed of two categories: usage of the smartphone device itself and usage of phone applications. The differences in BMI of the subjects was analyzed by analysis of covariance adjusting for independent variables including age, smartphone usage period, eye-hand coordination, education and income. Results: There was a significant difference in BMI among the three groups after adjustment of age, eye-hand coordination, smartphone usage period, education and income. The results showed that the self-reported questionnaire showed a significant difference in BMI between high proficiency and low proficiency groups (high $24.88{\pm}2.46$, low $23.37{\pm}2.56$; p=0.037). Smart phone usability test results also showed a significant difference in BMI among the three groups (high $25.18{\pm}2.58$, low $23.15{\pm}2.6$; p=0.000 and high $25.18{\pm}2.58$, middle $23.57.7{\pm}1.69$; p=0.010). Conclusion: Our results suggest that high smart phone proficiency shows increased BMI in the elderly. This study suggests that people over the age of 60 who have high smartphone proficiency should be cautious of an increased BMI score.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.119-127
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• 2021

Purpose : The aim of this study was to examine the relationships of everyday creativity and self-esteem, with sociality in college students majoring in nursing science and to identify factors that influence sociality. Methods : In the study 209 college students majoring in nursing science in B city were surveyed for the period of July through September 2020. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS statistics 22.0 for Windows to determine the frequency, percentage ratio, average, and standard deviation. Statistical analyses included the t-test, analysis of variance, Scheffe test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. Results : The everyday creativity of the nursing students was 3.65±0.43, self-esteem was 3.70±0.63, and sociality was 3.21±.33. Significant differences were observed for self-esteem according to the participant's grade (F=3.11, p=.027), monthly income (F=2.41, p=.050), health condition (F=4.87, p=.001) and clinical experience (t=-2.17, p=.031). Significant differences were not observed with regard to sociality. A static correlation was observed between everyday creativity and self-esteem (r=.478, p<.001) and between everyday creativity and sociality (r=.342, p<.001). Self-esteem and sociality were also statistically correlated (r=.168, p<.05). Factors that influenced the participants' sociality included monthly income (𝛽=.168, p=.015), health condition (𝛽=.178, p=.022), clinical experience (𝛽=-.161, p=.048), ability to find alternative solutions (𝛽=.245, p=.015), and in dependent nature (𝛽=.224, p=.003); The explanatory power was 15.60 %. Conclusion : More research is needed to understand the relationship between everyday creativity, self-esteem, and sociality in college students majoring in nursing science, Greater efforts are needed to develop programs that nurture the sociality of college student majoring in nursing science.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.106-121
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to examine factors affecting cooking behavior at home. We examined components of the theory of planned behavior, perception of cooking skills, and socio-demographic variables affecting cooking behavior at home. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study sample included 425 women raising elementary school children living in South Korea. They responded to an online structured questionnaire. The variables affecting cooking behavior at home were assessed using hierarchical regression analysis. RESULTS: The frequency of cooking behavior at home was 14.1 meals per week. Most respondents showed an intention regarding cooking behavior. The average score for attitude toward cooking behavior at home was 15.1 points (scale of 1 to 25). Attitude and cooking behavior showed a significant positive correlation (P < 0.01, r = 0.22). The subjective norm was 14.6 points (scale of 1 to 25). The subjective norm showed a significant correlation with cooking behavior (P < 0.01, r = 0.18). The control belief was 2.8 points (scale of 1 to 5). The control belief and cooking behavior showed a significant correlation in all questions (P < 0.01, r = 0.25). The subjects were significant confident about their cooking skills, except for Kimchi. Perception of cooking skills showed a significant correlation with all questions concerning cooking behavior (P < 0.01, r = 0.30). Significant variables for predicting intention regarding cooking behavior were perception of cooking skills, employment status, income, and attitude. Significant variables for predicting cooking behavior were employment status, income, control belief, number of children, and behavioral intention. CONCLUSIONS: In order to provide nutrition education to increase cooking behavior at home, it is necessary to have a positive attitude toward cooking behavior, increase control belief, and improve confidence related to cooking skills. Moreover, differentiated education based on the employment status of women is needed.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2021

Objectives: This study investigated sleep quality in female full-time homemakers and evaluated the relationship of sleep disturbance with psychological and socio-environmental factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study adopted a structured survey and sequential recruitment method for randomized participation of community-dwelling full-time female homemakers. Sleep quality and mental health were measured using the Korean version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (K-PSQI), Korean version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (K-BDI-II), Korean version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (K-BAI), and Korean version of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (K-BHS). The willingness-to-pay (WTP) method was selected to measure the self-evaluated monetary value of household service work. The relationship among the main relevant factors was statistically analyzed through a mediation model. Results: A total of 166 participants were analyzed and classified having poor versus good sleep quality (poor : 24.1%, n = 40 ; good : 75.9%, n = 126 ; cut-off point = 9 on the K-PSQI). Significant between-group differences were observed in mental health status (K-BDI-II, p < 0.001 ; K-BAI, p < 0.001 ; K-BHS, p = 0.003). The moderated mediation model was verified, indicating that depression may mediate the association between nurturing burden and sleep disturbance. The path from nurturing burden to depression may be moderated by average monthly household income. Conclusion: A relatively high portion of full-time female homemakers may suffer from sleep disturbance and interactions between psychological and socio-environmental factors might determine sleep quality, suggesting the need for public health policies targeting improvement of sleep quality and mental health among full-time homemakers.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.307-316
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• 2022

Purpose: This study investigated the vulnerability to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and associated factors among married women in northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey (n=657) was conducted from April 1 to 15, 2020, in Metema District, northwest Ethiopia, in four randomly selected kebele administrations (the lowest level of local government). The inclusion criteria were married women aged ≥18 years residing with their husbands. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with married women's vulnerability to HIV infection. Results: Participants were on average 33.70±9.50 years and nearly one-fourth (n=148, 22.5%) were identified as vulnerable to HIV infection (i.e., experienced sexually transmitted disease symptoms or an extramarital affair of either spouse within the past 12 months). Only 18.9% reported sexual communication with their husband. Respondents who did not discuss the risk of HIV infection with their husbands had fivefold odds of vulnerability (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 5.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43-17.5). Those who did not have premarital sex (AOR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.05-0.77) had no worries about HIV infection (AOR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.08-0.94), sufficient income (AOR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.16-0.86), and less than four children (AOR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.50-0.97) had decreased odds of being vulnerable to HIV than their counterparts. Conclusion: Not discussing risk of HIV infection with husband was a major factor of vulnerability to HIV infection as was premarital sex, worry about HIV, income, and number of children. Measures to strengthen couple's sexual communication and support economical stability is important for decreasing HIV vulnerability.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.77-105
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• 2023

This paper investigates the management stability of KOSPI-listed energy public enterprises from the perspective of median voter theory. We analyze the profitability and stability of five energy public enterprises during the period 2011~2022, and conduct an empirical analysis to determine whether they are related to the preferences of median voters who can represent the general public. Our analysis of the profitability and stability of the energy public enterprises shows that the stability of their has been deteriorating in recent years. The results of the empirical analysis also show that the management stability of the energy public enterprises is related to the preference of median voter. Specifically, they indicate that when the median voter's income is smaller than the average income, the profitability of the utility decreases and the debt ratio increases. This paper suggests that from the median voter's point of view, excessive utility and energy bills may strengthen the incentives for governments and politicians to suppress rate increases, leading to lower profitability and higher debt for public enterprises.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.375-384
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to look into the influence of the junior florist training course on self-esteem of children in low-income families at the community child care center. Accordingly, the program was carried out by dividing 46 children into two groups from June 2 to August 30, 2017. The program was designed into 12 sessions of floral arrangement classes, followed by the certification test. For the program, this study set 11 flower forms focusing on line, surface, and mass arrangements as the basic forms of the western flower arrangements. For the certification test, this study had the participants take the junior florist course implemented by the Korea Ggotggozi Daegyeong Association. Seventy four percent of the total participants in this program acquired a Junior Florist Certificate. As a result, self-esteem of the experimental group significantly improved (p=.000). By items of self-esteem, the experimental group showed significant changes in social self-esteem (p=.002), familial self-esteem (p=.016), and academic self-esteem (p=.031). General self-esteem did not show a statistically significant difference, but there was an improvement by 1.9%, and this study found that there was a 5.4% change on average in social, familial, and academic self-esteem. By gender, it was found that both male (p=.003), and female participants (p=.013) showed a significant change. By grade, there were significant changes in both the lower grades (p=.014), and higher grades (p=.003).

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.1225-1237
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• 2010

This study aims to analyze the factors affecting consumption inequality in the 10 years following the financial crisis, applying the cohort method on the data for the first to the eleventh wave of the Korean Labor and Income Study produced by the Korean Labor Institute. The study found that consumption inequality increased rapidly immediately following the financial crisis, and then decreased gradually until increasing again from 2005 onward. Analyzed in terms of age-time-cohort effects, there was a significant change in consumption inequality around the age of mid-forties, and the decrease in consumption inequality was smaller in the younger generations than in the older ones. This suggests that as the current younger generations age over time, consumption inequality may become greater. Also, when the factors in population-cohort-age effects from 1998 onward are analyzed, the age effect in consumption inequality becomes smaller, whereas the role of the rising average age due to demographic shifts seems to be increasing. This means that consumption inequality may become a serious problem in the rapidly aging society. Therefore, there is a need to consider ways to bolster social security and to provide further public assistance in the low-income retiree.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.435-444
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that demographic factors, radiation knowledge level, and radiation awareness could be affecting the benefits of radiation. From July 2022 to July 2023, after receiving consent to participate by using the link of Naver through Social Network Service (SNS) for the general public, 312 people were surveyed by self-registration method without collecting personal information. The questionnaire consisted of a total of 25 questions following demographic factors (5 questions including age group by life cycle, sex, monthly household income, residence), radiation knowledge level (8 questions including basic physical, biological effects, radiation protection technology), radiation awareness (12 questions including risk, management, benefit). Independent sample T-test and ANOVA tests were performed for significant differences in the average radiation awareness between variables, and hierarchical regression was performed to identify influencing factors on radiation benefits. As a result, the benefit of radiation was significantly high among the radiation awareness, but the awareness of the danger of radiation was insufficient to the level of recognizing it as safe. Men had significantly higher awareness of radiation management and benefits than women, and the awareness of radiation management was significantly higher in the middle class with a monthly household income of 4.31 million won or more. The higher the knowledge level of radiation, the higher the awareness of the benefits of radiation. The factors that had a positive effect on radiation benefits were the high level of radiation knowledge and awareness of radiation management.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1764-1772
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of social capital on Goendang(relatives) culture, which is a traditional local community culture, and local development as a positive factor. In order to evaluate the effect of social capital, a survey targeting 600 Jeju residents was conducted and 594 returned questionnaires were interpreted for the final analysis. Descriptive analysis, T-test, ANOVA analysis, and multiple regression analysis were conducted on the collected data, using SPSS 18.0. As a result, firstly, the levels of social capital of the surveyed appear as follows: network (average score 4.01), trust (average score 3.80), norms (average score 3.43), cooperation (average score 3.00), and participation (average score 2.80). Secondly, there are differences in social capital among the surveyed groups based on urban-rural areas, administrative districts, and average monthly income. Finally, among the dimensions of social capital, as the relative importance of network and participation increases, the surveyed think that they need Goendang culture more. Also, i t turns out that as the relative importance of norms and participation increases, Goendang culture can exert influence on local development as an important influence factor. Therefore, based on the analysis, this study shows that nurturing social capital can allow people to utilize Goendang culture for local development as a positive community culture.