• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.14-14
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• 2022

Greenhouse gas emissions are one of the critical factors that drive change in rice cropping systems. Within this changing system, less water irrigation and chemical fertilizer are seriously considered, as well combining precision farming technologies with irrigation control. Water and phosphorus (P) fertilizer are two of the most critical inputs in rice cultivation. Due to the lack of water availability in the system, P fertilizer is not available, especially in acidic soil conditions. Moreover, the various types of abiotic stresses, such as drought, high temperature, salinity, submergence, and limited fertilizer result in significant yield loss in the system. Even in the late stage of growth, the waves caused by diseases and insects make the field more unfruitful. Therefore, agronomists and breeders need to identify the secondary phenotypes to estimate the yield loss of when stress appears. The prediction will be clearer if we have a set of markers tagging the causal variation and the associated precise phenotype indices. Although there have been various studies for abiotic stress tolerance, we still lack functional molecular markers and phenotype indices. This is due to the underlying challenges caused by environmental factors in highly unpredictable regional and yearly environmental conditions in the field system. Pupl (phosphorus uptake 1) is still known as the first QTL associated with phosphorus uptake and have been validated in different field crops. Interestingly, some pyramiding lines of Pupl and other QTLs for other stress tolerances showed preferable phenotypes in the yield. Precise physiological studies with the help of genomics are on-going and some results will be discussed.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.129-160
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• 2019

Background: Characterizing and describing soils and land use and make a suggestion for sustainable utilization of land resources in the Ethiopian Rift valley flat plain areas of Lake Chamo Sub-Basin (CSB) are essential. Objectives: To (1) characterize soils of experimental area according to World Reference Base Legend and assess the nature and extent of salinity problems; (2) characterize land use systems and their role in soil properties; and (3) identify best land use practices used for both environmental management and improve agricultural productivity. Methods: Twelve randomly collected soil samples were prepared from the above land uses into 120 composites and analyzed. Results: Organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN) were varied along different land uses and depleted from the surface soils. The soil units include Chernozems (41.67%), Kastanozems (25%), Solonchaks (16.67%), and Cambisols (16.67%). The identified land uses are annual crops (AA), perennial crops (PA), and natural forest (NF). Generally, organic carbon, total nitrogen, percentage base saturation (PBS), exchangeable (potassium, calcium, and magnesium), available phosphorus (P₂O₅), manganese, copper, and iron contents were decreased in cultivated soils. Soil salinity problem was observed in annuals. Annuals have less nutrient content compared to perennials in irrigated agriculture while it is greater in annuals under rainfed. Clay, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium (K₂O) contents were correlated positively and highly significantly with organic carbon and electrical conductivity. Conclusion: Management practices that improve soil quality should be integrated with leguminous crops when the land is used for annual crops production.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.300-306
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• 2013

Based on the guiding ideology of "Close-to-nature forestry", the soil chemical properties of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) plantation forest which was early done by canopy gap control were analyzed of Liangshui nature reserve in northeastern China. The results indicated that the nurture of forestry crevice diaphanous tended to improve the soil nutrient contents and significant differences of soil nutrients existed among different levels of soil for the same forest type of Korean pine. At 0< $H{\leq}20$ cm layer, the content of available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in artificial pure Korean pine forest are 640.28 $mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, 7.54 $mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, 275.91 $mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, 1.114% and 0.075%, they all higher than the other kinds of forests and for average 1.1 times, 1.4 times, 1.3 times, 1.6 times and 1.2 times. From the layer of $0<H{\leq}20$ cm to 20 cm < $H{\leq}40$ cm, soil nutrient indicators showed various degrees of decreasing in which organic matter had the greatest decline, decreasing by 170.64% while PH had the lowest decline, decreasing by 4.66%.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.375-383
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• 1996

Effects of forest fire on soil nutrients in pine forests were studied in Dosong, Kangwon Province in Korea. Soil samples were collected from burned sites and unburned sites (control) at Kusungri, Sampori and Wunbongri. Soil pH in burned sites was higher than that in unburned sites. Soil organic matter did not differ significantly between the burned and unburned sites. Concentrations of available phosphorus in burned soils were about 3 times higher than those in unburned sites. Also, concentrations of ammonium nitrogen were markedly increased in burned sites contrary to those of nitrate nitrogen. Total nitrogen, however, showed no significant difference between the sites. Concentrations of cations, calcium and magnesium, in burned sites were also significantly increased. Thus, even though forest fire removed the aboveground biomass of pine forests, inorganic nutrients added from ash may play a great role for growth of sprouts and seedlings after forest fire.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.195-201
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• 1988

인산(燐酸) 축적지(畜積地) 전토양(田土壤)에서 토양(土壤) 인산(燐酸) 및 무기태(無機態) 인산(燐酸)의 형태별(形態別) 조성(造成)에 영향(影響)하는 몇가지 토양화학성(土壤化學性)과 토양(土壤)의 인산(燐酸) 함량(含量), 인산(燐酸) 흡수량(吸收量)과의 관계(關係)를 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같디. 1. 토양(土壤) 산도(酸度) 및 치환성(置換性) 석회함량(石灰含量)은 토양(土壤)의 여러가지 인산(燐酸)들과는 정(正)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 보였는데 $1.25N-N-NH_4$ OAc-P, Saloid-P, Ca-P 및 Total-P와는 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었으나 pH와 $0.01M-CaCl_2-P$, Al-P 및 Fe-P 사이에는 유의성(有意性)있는 상관관계(相關關係)를 보이지 않았다. 2. 활성(活性) 알루미늄은 유효인산(有效燐酸), 수용성인산(水溶性燐酸) 및 무기태(無機態) 인산(燐酸) 함량(含量)과 고도(高度)의 부(負) 상관관계(相關關係)를 나타내었으나 Al-P와 Fe-P와는 유의성(有意性)이 없었고, 활성(活性) 철(鐵)은 Fe-P 및 Total-P와만 1%에서 정(正)의 상관(相關) 관계(關係)를 나타내었다. 3. 토양(土壤) 산도(酸度)와 활성(活性) 알루미늄 및 치환성(置換性) 석회(石灰) 함량(含量)과의 관계(關係)에서, 활성(活性) 알루미늄은 고도(高度) 유의성(有意性)을 보이는 부(負)의 Log함수관계(函數關係)를($r=-0.836^{***}$), 치환성(置換性) 석회(石灰)와는 정(正)의 직선(直線) 상관관계(相關關係)($r=0.769^{***}$)를 보였다. 4. 토양(土壤)의 인산(燐酸) 흡수량(吸收量)은 토양(土壤) 유효인산(有效燐酸), 수용성(水溶性) 인산(燐酸) 및 $0.01M-CaCl_2-P$와는 0.1%에서 고도(高度) 유의성(有意性)을 보이는 부(負) 상관관계(相關關係)를, 활성(活性) 알루미늄과는 정(正)의 수직상관관계(直線相關關係)를 나타내었으며, Ca-P와만 유의성(有意性)을 나타내지 않았다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.12-23
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• 2018

Quantitative information on biomass and available nutrients are essential for developing sustainable forest management strategies to regulate atmospheric carbon. An attempt was made at Chilapatta Reserve Forest in Duars region of West Bengal to quantify its above and below ground carbon along with available "N", "P" and "K" in the soil. Stratified random nested quadrats were marked for soil, biomass and litter sampling. Indirect or non-destructive procedures were employed for biomass estimation. The amount of these available nutrients and organic carbon quantified in soil indicates that the forest soil is high in organic carbon and available "K" and medium in phosphorus and nitrogen. The biomass, soil carbon and total carbon (soil C＋C in plant biomass) in the forest was 1,995.98, 75.83 and $973.65Mg\;ha^{-1}$. More than 90% of the carbon accumulated in the forest was contributed by the trees. The annual litter production of the forest was $5.37Mg\;ha^{-1}$. Carbon accumulation is intricately linked with site quality factors. The estimated biomass of $1,995.98Mg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ clearly indicates this. The site quality factor i.e. tropical moist deciduous with optimum availability of soil nutrients, heavy precipitation, high mean monthly relative humidity and optimum temperature range supported luxuriant growth which was realized as higher biomass accumulation and hence higher carbon accumulated.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제97권5호
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• pp.492-500
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• 2008

Since vegetation significantly influences on soil carbon and nutrient storage, vegetation change has been focused on terrestrial carbon and nutrient cycling studies. In this study we investigated soil carbon and major nutrient capitals at the abandoned fields, which had different vegetation composition: a three year abandoned field ($AGR_3$), two ten years abandoned fields ($PD_{10}$ dominant with Pinus densiflora and Fraxinus rhynchophylla and $PM_{10}$ dominant with Populus maximowiczii), and an over sixty years forest ($FOR_{60}$). which were located at Hongcheon-gun, Kangwon-do, South Korea. Both main effects for organic matter (%) were significant: shallow soil > deep soil and $FOR_{60}=PM_{10}$ > $AGR_3=PD_{10}$. Nitrogen concentrations at $PM_{10}$ were the highest, while the lowest at $PD_{10}$. Available phosphorus concentrations were the highest at $PD_{10}$, which were over 10 times of site $FOR_{60}$ and $AGR_3$ at 0-10 cm soil depth. The average organic matter ($173Mg\;ha^{-1}$) and nitrogen contents ($10Mg\;ha^{-1}$) of $PM_{10}$ and $FOR_{60}$ were higher than those of $AGR_3$ and $PD_{10}$ by 57% and 42%, respectively. The available phosphorus contents above 30 cm mineral soil at $PD_{10}$ ($3.8Mg\;ha^{-1}$) and $PM_{10}$ ($1.3Mg\;ha^{-1}$) were over 120 times and 40 times more than at $FOR_{60}$. Calcium ($3.7Mg\;ha^{-1}$) and magnesium contents ($2.8Mg\;ha^{-1}$) at $FOR_{60}$ were twice or three times higher than at other sites. Organic matter amounts in 0-10 cm and 10-30 em soil had significant positive relationships with nitrogen, calcium, and magnesium contents, but not available phosphorus and potassium contents. This study could not identify the effect of chronological factor and vegetation composition on soil carbon and nutrient capital owing to diverse topography as well as limited study sites. However, this study suggests the accuracy of investigation for regional carbon and nutrient sequestration can be achieved by considering the period of abandoned time on the fields and the land use types. These results may suggest the benefits of forest restoration for soil carbon and nutrient accumulation in marginal agricultural lands in South Korea.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2011

본 연구는 제주도 용수저수지 주변 호랑가시나무개체군을 식물사회학적 방법으로 분류하고, 식생과 토양과의 상관관계를 밝히고자 분포서열법에 의한 분석을 실시하였다. 호랑가시나무개체군은 꾸지뽕나무우점개체군, 상동나무우점개체군, 예덕나무우점개체군으로 분류되었다. 토양분석 결과 유기물함량 14.62~17.35%, 전질소함량 0.39~0.51%, 유효인산함량 8.83~20.15mg/kg, 치환성 K 0.44~0.64cmol+/kg, Ca 5.79~6.87cmol+/kg, Mg 3.43~4.19cmol+/kg이며, 토양 pH는 5.41~5.80인 것으로 조사되었다. 예덕나무우점개체군은 유효인산과 유기물함량이 많고 치환성 K, Mg의 양료가 적은 입지에 분포하는 것으로 분석되었다. 상동나무우점개체군과 꾸지뽕나무우점개체군은 유효인산과 유기물함량이 적고 치환성 K, Mg의 양료가 많은 입지에 분포하는 것으로 조사되었다. 호랑가시나무 자생지 보호를 위해 수관층을 피압하고 있는 덩굴식물 제거작업이 이루어져야 하며, 지속적인 생태모니터링과 자생지 보존을 위한 관리방안이 수립되어야 한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2017

Objective: Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of adding exogenous phytase and xylanase, individually or in combination, as well as pelleting on nutrient digestibility, available energy content of wheat and the performance of growing pigs fed wheat-based diets. Methods: In Experiment 1, forty-eight barrows with an initial body weight of $35.9{\pm}0.6kg$ were randomly assigned to a $2{\times}4$ factorial experiment with the main effects being feed form (pellet vs meal) and enzyme supplementation (none, 10,000 U/kg phytase, 4,000 U/kg xylanase or 10,000 U/kg phytase plus 4,000 U/kg xylanase). The basal diet contained 97.8% wheat. Pigs were placed in metabolic cages for a 7-d adaptation period followed by a 5-d total collection of feces and urine. Nutrient digestibility and available energy content were determined. Experiment 2 was conducted to evaluate the effects of pelleting and enzymes on performance of wheat for growing pigs. In this experiment, 180 growing pigs ($35.2{\pm}9.0kg\;BW$) were allocated to 1 of 6 treatments according to a $2{\times}3$ factorial treatment arrangement with the main effects being feed form (meal vs pellet) and enzyme supplementation (0, 2,500 or 5,000 U/kg xylanase). Results: In Experiment 1, there were no interactions between feed form and enzyme supplementation. Pelleting reduced the digestibility of acid detergent fiber (ADF) by 6.4 percentage units (p<0.01), increased the digestibility of energy by 0.6 percentage units (p<0.05), and tended to improve the digestibility of crude protein by 0.5 percentage units (p = 0.07) compared with diets in mash form. The addition of phytase improved the digestibility of phosphorus (p<0.01) and calcium (p<0.01) by 6.9 and 7.6 percentage units respectively compared with control group. Adding xylanase tended to increase the digestibility of crude protein by 1.0 percentage units (p = 0.09) and increased the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (p<0.01) compared with control group. Supplementation of the xylanase-phytase combination improved the digestibility of phosphorus (p<0.01) but impaired NDF digestibility (p<0.05) compared with adding xylanase alone. In Experiment 2, adding xylanase increased average daily gain (p<0.01) and linearly improved the feed:gain ratio (p<0.01) compared with control group. Conclusion: Pelleting improved energy digestibility but decreased ADF digestibility. Adding xylanase increased crude protein digestibility and pig performance. Phytase increased the apparent total tract digestibility of phosphorus and calcium. The combination of phytase-xylanase supplementation impaired the effects of xylanase on NDF digestibility.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제107권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2018

본 연구는 낙엽송 수확 벌채지 내 식재된 낙엽송 조림목의 초기 근원경과 수고 생장에 영향을 주는 지황 및 토양 인자를 구명하기 위해 수행되었다. 낙엽송 조림목의 생장에 영향을 줄 것으로 판단되는 낙엽송 조림지 내 지황 및 토양 인자 15개를 이용하여 생장 영향 인자를 도출하였다. 도출된 인자들로 최적 조합에 의해 6년생 낙엽송 조림목의 근원경과 수고 생장추정식을 개발하였다. 근원경 생장에 영향을 주는 인자들은 유효 인산(+), 유효 토심(+), 유기물(-), 모래 비율(-), pH(-), 고도(-) 등의 순으로 6개가 도출되었고, 근원경 생장추정식의 결정 계수($R^2$)는 0.51이었다. 수고 생장에 영향을 주는 인자들은 유효 토심(+), 고도(-), 경사(-), 유효 인산(+) 등의 순으로 4개가 도출되었고, 수고 생장추정식의 $R^2$는 0.46이었다. 낙엽송 조림목의 근원경과 수고 생장은 공통적으로 유효 토심, 유효 인산, 고도 인자들에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 도출된 영향 인자들은 낙엽송 조림목의 우수한 초기 생장을 위해 재조림 대상지 선정 시 고려해야 할 중요한 인자들로 작용할 것이다.