• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 5th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.1-6
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• 2013

Concrete construction requires utilization of many temporary facilities such as formwork, shoring, and scaffolding. Appropriate use of these temporary facilities greatly impacts the quality, cost, schedule, and safety of concrete construction. The current practice in design and planning of temporary facilities is often manual, error-prone, and re-active based on construction site layout, status, and progress in the field. Early design and planning of temporary facilities for concrete construction using Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology offers a potential solution. Although some commercially-available software exists that assists in the generation of temporary facility designs, the construction industry lacks tools that support detailed planning and design of many other temporary facilities. This research presents our early work in automating the design and planning of temporary facilities utilizing BIM. Algorithms were developed to automatically assess geometric conditions of work space to detect required temporary facilities and design them. The proposed methodology was implemented in a test model. By automatically incorporating temporary facilities into BIM, more realistic construction models can be created with less effort and errors. Temporary facilities-loaded models can finally be used for communication, bill of materials, scheduling, etc. and as a benchmark for field installation of temporary formwork, shoring, and scaffolding systems.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2024

Indian subcontinent is a birthplace of multilingual people where documents such as job application form, passport, number plate identification, and so forth is composed of text contents written in different languages/scripts. These scripts may be in the form of different indic numerals in a single document page. Due to this reason, building a generic recognizer that is capable of recognizing handwritten indic digits written by diverse writers is needed. Also, a lot of work has been done for various non-Indic numerals particularly, in case of Roman, but, in case of Indic digits, the research is limited. Moreover, most of the research focuses with only on MNIST datasets or with only single datasets, either because of time restraints or because the model is tailored to a specific task. In this work, a hybrid model is proposed to recognize all available indic handwritten digit images using the existing benchmark datasets. The proposed method bridges the automatically learnt features of Capsule Network with hand crafted Bag of Feature (BoF) extraction method. Along the way, we analyze (1) the successes (2) explore whether this method will perform well on more difficult conditions i.e. noise, color, affine transformations, intra-class variation, natural scenes. Experimental results show that the hybrid method gives better accuracy in comparison with Capsule Network.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.601-617
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• 2024

This work aims to explore the static behaviour of a tapered functionally graded porous plate (FGPP) with even and uneven porosity distributions resting on two parametric elastic foundations. The plate under investigation is subjected to bi-sinusoidal loading and the edges of the plate are exposed to different combinations of edge restrictions. In order to examin the static behaviour, bending factors (BF) related to bending and normal stresses have been evaluated using classical plate theory. To achieve this, the governing equations have been derived employing the energy concept. And to solve it, the Rayleigh-Ritz method with an algebraic function has been utilised; it is simple, precise, and computationally intensive. After convergence and validation analyses, new findings are made available. The BF of the plate have been exhaustively examined to explain the influence of aspect ratios, material property index, porosity factor, taper factor, and Winkler and Pasternak stiffness. It is observed that the BF of an elastically supported FGPP are influenced by the index of material propery and the aspect ratio. Findings also indicate that the impact of porosity is more when it is spread evenly, as opposed to when it is unevenly distributed. Further, the deformed plate's structure is significantly influenced by the different thickness variations. Examination of bending characteristics of FGPP having different new cases of thickness variations with different types of porosity distribution under fifteen different mixed edge constraints is the prime novality of this work. Results presented are reliable enough to be taken into account for future studies.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.97-111
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• 1995

In our society today, a variety of medical caring system, along with a scientific development in the area of oriental medical science plus national demand, has increased the augmentation and the opening of oriental wards and hospitals (Han Bang), which has come to create an additional requirement of nursing activity at oriental medicine wards should be different from that of the general wards or the same as the other. In view of this, various studies need to be made in this connection. The purpose of this study is to comprehend the number of nurses who want to work at oriental medicine wards and measure job satisfaction in nursing as compared with those working at general wards so as to provide basic materials for future assignment and supplementary training for the nurses. An attempt was made to contribute toward nursing administration on the one hand improving nursing training course on the other hand. A total of 72 nurses currently working at two oriental medicine hospitals available in Seoul and 82 general nurses were selected for this study using the questionaire from December 1993 to January 1994. An instrument for the study was based on the measurement of work satisfaction developed by Paula L. Stamps including 37 questions complemented by Kim for revision (1993) and 14 questions regarding general characteristics and oriental medicine wards. The instrument to test dependability showed Cronbach's=0.7711. The collected data have been processed by computer package SPSS. General characteristics of the two groups and the matters involved in oriental medicine wards were calculated into real figure and percentage an similarities between the two groups were analyzed by t-test and F-test according to the characteristics of variables. The comparative test on work satisfaction among the two groups including general characteristics and work factors were conducted by t-test and F-test. The major findings as a result of the study are as follows : 1. As general characteristics, age group of $26{\sim}30$ years are more than any segment of age. As to marital status, the number of those in single status is slightly higher than the married. Approximately 80% of them are graduates of nursing schools and nursing colleges. They are mostly in service for one to three years. There is no significant difference between the two groups. 2. The number of those who want to work at oriental medicine wards represents 40.3% against 58.4%, being in favor of general wards. 3. The reason for service at oriental medicine wards is that "there is room for potential research" which happened to rank first, followed by "easy job," "good working atmosphere" and "growing interest in oriental medicine." 4. Work satisfactions among nurses who work at oriental medicine wards prove greater than that of nurses who work at general wards. 5. Work satisfaction between the two groups by work factors is reflected with significant difference statistically on task requirement, interaction and doctor-nurse relationships. 6. The general charcateristics and the work satisfaction by work factors prove that there are significant difference in age, marital status, education and the period of work. They tend to be more satisfied with the work as they grow in age. Significant differneces are found in the work factors such as autonomy, adiministration and professional job in the relationship with doctor-nurse. As to marital status, the married are more satisfied than the unmarried. There are significant differneces in the factors respecting administration and doctor-nurse college graduates are highly satisfied with task requirement. However, satisfaction with the professional level has proven the highest degree for those having master degree. The period of work and satisfaction : There are significant differneces in task requirement, administration, interactions, professional level and doctor-nurse relationships. As a general rule, the degree of satisfactions is in proportion to the lengrh of service. The following conclusions are drawn based on the fndings mentioned above. Even though the work satisfaction of the nurse who work at oriental medicine ward is relatively high, it is desired that personal consultation be given as to disposition of nurses when they are assigned to oriental medicine wards. It is also recommended that lectures on oriental medicine be conducted through supplementary training and/or basic nursing course in order that they may be motivated for ingenious activities with an increasing sense of self-esteem which will eventually enhance positive changes for the patients who are in need of oriental medicine nursing and for the medical teams. In addition, joint reseaches involvingclinical care and education should be in constant process for unique and scientific development for those who are subject to oriental medicine nursing care.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.39-77
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• 2019

국제항공운송에 종사하는 승무원은 업무의 성격상 여러 나라에서 근로를 제공하게 된다. 국제사법에 의하면 일상적 노무제공지는 국제근로계약의 준거법 결정(제28조 제2항), 국제재판관할의 결정(제28조 제3항, 제4항)에서 중요한 역할을 수행한다. 일상적 노무제공지는 국제재판관할과 준거법의 결정을 위하여 EU에서 제창된 개념으로, 국제항공법에서 항공안전을 확보할 목적으로 승무원의 피로관리를 위해 도입된 개념인 모기지(母基地)와 입법목적이 서로 달라, 일상적 노무제공지와 모기지는 같은 개념이라고 볼 수 없다. 승무원의 일상적 노무제공지를 결정하기 위해서는 (i) 승무원이 근무를 시작하고 종료하는 곳, (ii) 승무원이 업무를 수행하는 항공기가 주로 주기(駐機)된 곳, (iii) 사용자가 전달한 지시사항을 알게 되고 근무활동을 조직하는 곳, (iv) 근로계약상 승무원이 거주할 의무가 있는 곳, (v) 사용자가 제공하고 승무원이 사용할 수 있는 사무실이 있는 곳, (vi) 승무원이 업무에 부적합하거나 징계사유가 발생할 때 참석할 의무가 있는 곳 등을 종합적으로 고려하여야 한다. 그런데 위에서 열거한 사항은 모두 모기지 소재지와 동일하므로, 승무원의 일상적 노무제공지를 결정할 때 모기지를 가장 중요한 요소로 고려하는 것이 타당하다. 이와 달리 기적국을 일상적 노무제공지로 보아서는 안 된다. 대상사안에서 CJEU는 국제항공운송에 종사하는 객실승무원의 일상적 노무제공지에 관하여 최초로 판단기준을 제시하였는바, 이는 우리나라 국제사법의 모범이 되었던 브뤼셀 규정의 해석이므로, 국제항공운송 승무원에 관하여 국제사법상 일상적 노무제공지의 개념을 이해하는데 많은 도움이 될 것으로 보인다.

• 한국지능정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지능정보시스템학회 1999년도 추계학술대회-지능형 정보기술과 미래조직 Information Technology and Future Organization
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• pp.205-212
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• 1999

It is certain that EC(Electronic Commerce) applying the internet will be activated in the knowledge society of 21 century based on IT(Information Technology). Though this change of social environment helps the useful information resource available to expand, it looks like that the rapid inclease in lots of information to gather makes colleges, reseach laboratories and public institutions to spend more man power and money on work of book purchases than before and now. Therefore the most urgent part for the business process reengineering in work of information service center is the business of book purchases. The business of book purchases is the core part in organizations and facilities. It should construct the books which the organigation and facility need in the most economical and efficient way within the range of physically receptive capacity with the limited budget. These organigations and facilities have to establish the policy of the book stock which they should possess and also librarians should endeavour to configure the kernel book stock constantly. I assert that they need to ensure a specialty with the improvement of business process accompanying choosing and purchasing the books. Especially, in a case of purchasing foreign books by request of members like professors, students, researcher and so on they have to replace the business of book purchase using agency with direct dealing using EC. This Business Process Reengineering will cut down on expenses, offer the transparency of book purchases and also give the users confidence. Moreover the Business Process Reengineering make it possible to build well constructed main books and information resource. The people in charge are enabled to acquire the knowledge of subjects with contiuous search for books of a spcial area and self-study. These experts in work will raise the quality of information service. Information service center will be the core in the 21c knowledge industry. To streng then value of it, efficiently run it and control it the existing business of book purchasing should be replace with direct dealing using EC applying the internet.

• 실천공학교육논문지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2013

국내 대학교육은 높은 진학률과 낮은 취업률이라는 과잉학력의 악순환이 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 악순환을 해소하고, 청년 실업 해소와 청년층의 노동시장 조기 진입을 지원 및 유도하기 위하여 근로자의 '선취업-후학습' 기회를 확대하고, 재직자의 직무능력 향상을 위하여 일과 학습을 병행할 수 있는 교육 훈련 시스템이 필요하다. 최근 MOOC (Massive Open On-line Course)이라는 새로운 형태의 온라인 교육 시스템이 등장 하였다. MOOC는 교육, entertainment, social networking을 결합한 교수-학생, 학생-학생간의 상호작용을 강조한 새로운 형태의 온라인 교육환경으로 강의 콘텐츠를 무료로 제공하고 있다. 이러한 변화된 온라인 교육환경을 활용하여 지식을 온라인으로 효과적으로 제공하고, 기술 및 공학교육에 꼭 필요한 실습교육을 캠퍼스에서 제공하는 멀티학습체제를 구축함으로써 재직자들의 일과 학습을 병행할 수 있도록 지원할 수 있다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.130-135
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• 2010

Paint is used as top coat in Automobile Refinishing that is divided into 1K paint of base type and 2K paint of urethane type. after using 1K paint, it can be reusable. However 2K paint is not available that is mixed a certain amount of base with hardner, so 2K paint has to be used all at a time or discarded the rest. This study covered that colored Urethane paint and colorless urethane paint in top coating process of AR. Top coat urethane paint is divided into colored urethane paint and transparent urethane paint like clear coat. Colored urethane paint is used for paint that contains resin, pigment, solvent and additives. It is color such as black and white. While transparent urethane paint is used for paint that contains resin, solvent and additives. Urethane paint has a paint system that cur after several hours of mixing base and hardner. By a paint technician of a field and empirical data, we can also recognize that according to worker's paint style and experience, although he or she paint same car model and area, paint use of one's is different. There aren't guidelines workers refer to about paint use by car models and work scope because ARP works various car models that are in different color, size and area. After using urethane paint, the rest of paint has come, and there are highs and lows in paint use each time he or she works. Therefore, this study suggest a basic guideline to use paint efficiently and regularly by understanding area, the type of work, and paint use that are appropriate for each car model and regardless of workers and work scopes in AR.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.409-420
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• 2018

Objectives: An outbreak of humidifier disinfectant-related respiratory disease has not only been a massive disaster for end users, but it is also a concern for the workers of the manufacturers. This study presents the results of a questionnaire survey on the health effects among workers involved in the manufacture of humidifier disinfectants. Methods: Seven sites where humidifier disinfectants were manufactured were identified. A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the physical symptoms experienced by workers related to humidifier disinfectants. Among a total of 177 workers, 42 subjects were available for the survey. Results: Twenty-one of the 42 respondents reported that they experienced respiratory or skin and mucosal irritation symptoms during work. Of the respondents who experienced symptoms, 14 believed that their symptoms were related to the work process and reported that the symptoms were experienced while working. However, no respondents reported ongoing symptoms or sequelae during the investigation period, and this result could not minimize selection bias due to low response rates. We then compared the characteristics of the group who experienced suspicious symptoms with those of the group without any symptoms. There was no statistically significant difference between two groups. Conclusions: We could not find significant health effects related to the humidifier disinfectant manufacturing process, although 21 respondents experienced stimulant symptoms and 14 respondents believed that the symptoms were related to the work process. Due to the long period of time after occupational exposure and the lack of data, there were many limitations to this study. However, this is one of the few follow-up investigations of workers related to this large-scale disaster in South Korea and the limitations of this study highlight the need to follow up with a nationwide database rather than an occasional survey.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.217-228
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• 1997

According to industralization the percentage of working women with children is on the continuous increase. There has been a growing concern over important health problems of middle-aged women, especially with working women. But we didn't know how to care of themselves yet even if it was importment to fint out that. So this reseach was an attempt to identify the nature of experience of their health management so that it is to be contributed to be knowledge development of women' health management strategy. The phenomenological approach in qualitative studies was used to serve this purpose. Subjects were 10 middle-aged working women having children in well-being state. The result of this study was as follows : 'Diet pattern' was to unbalanced and irregular but they tried to correct balanced and harmony dietary life. 'Exercise' was very simple and irregular. They have closed-minded of kinds of exercise. 'Controlling the environment and their minds' was to obtain emotional stability and be free from stress. They put emphasis on refraining from being overtiring and watching their condition carefully. They always tried to keep the peaceful mind. 'Reducing fatigue' was to be bathing, hot streamed-bath, finger pressure therapy, massage, singing, communication with others and maintenance of personal relationships. 'Identification of self-esteem' was very key point to maintain their health. Working regulary gave them to please and value of the life. 'Work oriented life pattern' was to be harm their health state so that it need to be available clinics to check up their health state after work. The rest of this study showed that it need to be social support for working women to work with comfort. Further study regarding working women engaging in the lower level is nesessary.