• 제목/요약/키워드: Available P requirement

검색결과 48건 처리시간 0.03초

흡연대학생의 비타민 C 섭취량과 혈청수준 (Vitamin C Intake and Serum Leverls in Smoking College Students)

  • 박정아
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제29권1호
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    • pp.122-133
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    • 1996
  • As ciarette smoking adversely affects vitamin C metabolism in humans, smokers need substantially more vitamin C intake than do non-smokers to achieve similar serum vitamin C concentration. To provide the basic information currently available for the determination of vitamin C requirement for Korean smokers, we investigated the differences the serum vitamin C values between smokers(n=53) and non-smokers(n=62) in relation to their intake of the vitamin through diet in 115 male college students, who had not been using vitamin C supplements. Dietary intakes of vitamin C were determined by a 24-hour recall, and serum vitamin C was determined using the 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method. The mean vitamin C intakes of smokers and non-smokers were consuming less than 75% of the Koeran RDA for vitamin c in their diet. Smokers consumed yellow and green leafy vegetables more often (P=0.02) and fresh fruits less often(P=0.006) than non-smokers. The mean serum vitamin C concentration of smokers consuming the same amounts of vitamine C as non-smokers, 64.3 umol/1, were 20% lower than for non-smokers, 80.1 umol/l(P<0.05). The risk of low serum vitamin C concentration (LoC) among smokers were 3.8% compared with 1.6% in non-smokers, and the odd ratio for LoC risk was 2.43. There were no correlations between dietary and serum vitamin C for smokers and non-smokers. It was concluded that smokers might require at least 20% more vitamin C to reach the same concentration comparable to non-smokers.

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A small-scale membrane electro-dialyser for domestic use

  • Chaalal, Omar;Hossain, Md.M.
    • Membrane and Water Treatment
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.43-52
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    • 2015
  • A small-scale electro-dialysis system was constructed for domestic use. It is composed of six compartments in which five special polystyrene ionic membranes are housed. A series of experiments on the transport of sodium and chloride ions through polystyrene membranes was performed and the effects of electric current and voltage on the pH of water were investigated. This electrodialyser could reduce the NaCl content to an acceptable level (5307 mg/L) when water containing 9945 mg/L of sodium chloride is fed to the electrodialyser. The reduction was by the action of direct current 60 mA/100 mA when a 15 V / 20 V potential is maintained across the membrane. The results showed that the pH of the treated water attained a value in the range of 7-8, with the chloride concentration of 5307 mg/L when the voltage was in the range of 20 volts. This was achieved when two of the small-scale electro-dialysers were placed in series and the solutions from the respective compartments were mixed. This is considered useful because this complies to the requirement of drinking water standard both in terms of chloride and pH. Therefore, this type electrodialyserhas the potential for domestic uses in isolated houses where potable water supply is not available.

Industrialization possibilities of purified pig sperm hyaluronidase

  • Soojin Park;In-Soo Myeong;Gabbine Wee;Ekyune Kim
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제65권6호
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    • pp.1205-1213
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    • 2023
  • The goals of the present study were to develop a simple method for obtain highly purified pig sperm hyaluronidase (pHyase) and to assess its activity, function, and safety. In mammals, sperm-specific glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored Hyase assists sperm penetration through the cumulus mass surrounding the egg and aids in the dispersal of the cumulus-oocyte complex. Recently, Purified bovine sperm hyaluronidase (bHyase) has been shown to enhance therapeutic drug transport by breaking down the hyaluronan barrier to the lymphatic and capillary vessels, thereby facilitating tissue absorption. Commercially available Hyase is typically isolated from bovine or ovine; which have several disadvantages, including the risk of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, low homology with human Hyase, and the requirement for relatively complex isolation procedures. This study successfully isolated highly purified pHyase in only two steps, using ammonium sulfate precipitation and fast protein liquid chromatography. The isolated Hyase had activity equal to that of commercial bHyase, facilitated in vitro fertilization, and effectively dissolved high molecule hyaluronic acid. This simple, effective isolation method could improve the availability of pHyase for research and clinical applications.

Long-term Assessment of Soil Chemical Properties in Different Soil Texture Orchard Fields in Gyeongnam Province

  • Kim, Min Keun;Sonn, Yeon-Kyu;Kang, Seong-Soo;Heo, Jae-Young;Kim, Dae-Ho;Choi, Yong-Jo;Lee, Sang-Dae;Shin, Hyun-Yul;Ok, Yong Sik;Lee, Young Han
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제48권4호
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    • pp.240-245
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    • 2015
  • The monitoring of soil fertility changes in orchard is very important for agricultural sustainability. Field monitoring was performed to evaluate the soil chemical properties of 140 orchard (23 sites for sandy loam, 88 sites for loam, 28 sites for silt loam, and 1 site for loamy fine sand) in Gyeongnam province every 4 years from 2002 to 2014. Soil chemical properties such as pH, electrical conductivity, amount of organic matter (OM), available phosphate ($P_2O_5$), lime requirement (LR), exchangeable potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sodium were analyzed. The amount of OM, exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg were significantly increased as cultivation year increases. The frequency distribution within optimum range of subsoil chemical properties in 2014 was 34.3% for pH, 35.0% for OM, 17.1% for available $P_2O_5$, 22.9% for exchangeable K, 15.7% for exchangeable Ca, and 22.1% for exchangeable Mg. In addition, the available $P_2O_5$ and exchangeable calcium were excess level with portions of 69.3% and 48.6%, respectively. The soil chemical properties in the topsoil and subsoil showed that soil pH was significantly higher in sandy loam soil than those from the loam and silt loam soils. The OM, exchangeable K, Mg, and LR of loam soil were higher than those from the sandy loam soil. These results indicated that a balanced management of soil chemical properties as affected by soil texture can improve the amount of fertilizer applied for sustainable agriculture in orchard field.

변곡점을 이용한 영농형태별 토양 인산 유출 잠재력 평가 (Evaluation of Phosphorus Release Potential in Arable land with Different Landuse by Phosphorus Threshold)

  • 이슬비;이창훈;홍창오;이용복;김필주
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제29권4호
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    • pp.343-347
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    • 2010
  • 우리나라 농경지 이용형태에 따라서 인산유출 잠재력과 합리적인 농경지 인산관리 기준을 설정하기 위해서 경남 통영시, 창녕시 및 진주시의 논, 밭, 시설재배지 토양을 각각 100, 100, 75 곳에서 채취하여 인산유출 변곡점을 분석하였다. 조사지역의 논, 밭, 시설재배지의 평균 유효인산 함량은 각각 86, 619, 796 mg $P_2O_5$/kg로 농경지 이용형태에 따라 토양의 인산함량은 큰 차이를 보였다. 논 토양에서는 유효인 산함량이 증가함에 따라 0.01M $CaCl_2$ 함량도 직선적으로 증가하여 변곡점이 나타나지 않았다. 반면 밭과 시설재배지에서는 토양 유효 인산 함량이 약 520 mg $P_2O_5$/kg에서 0.01M $CaCl_2$ 가용성 인산 함량이 급격하게 증가하는 변곡점이 확인되었다. 따라서 밭과 시설재배지에서 주변 수계로 인산 유출량을 저감하기 위해서는 농경지 유효인산 함량을 520 mg $P_2O_5$/kg 이하로 관리하는 것이 바람직하다고 판단된다.

시설재배 참외에 대한 규산 비료 시용 효과 (Effect of Silicate Fertilizer on Oriental Melon in Plastic Film House)

  • 이승호;조현종;신현진;신용습;박소득;김복진;정종배
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제36권6호
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    • pp.407-416
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    • 2003
  • 규산질 비료는 산성 토양의 개량 효과와 함께 병충해 발생 억제 효과를 나타내므로 농약 사용량을 줄일 수 있어 안전농산물의 생산을 유도할 수 있는 자재로 판단되고 있으며 일부 참외의 수량 증대와 상품성을 향상시킬 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 현재 참외를 비롯한 과채류에 대하여 규산질 비료의 시용효과가 검정되어있지 않고 또한 적정 시용 기준이 설정되어 있지 못한 상태에서 농가별로 토양 유효규산 함량을 고려하지 않고 임의로 규산질 비료를 사용하고 있다. 본 연구에서 조사된 결과를 보면 참외 재배 포장에서 1 N NaOAc로 추출할 경우 최고 $500mg\;SiO_2\;kg^{-1}$ 수준까지 유효규산이 축적되어 있으며, $200mg\;SiO_2\;kg^{-1}$ 수준의 유효규산을 함유하고 있는 토양에 대한 규산질 비료의 시용은 참외의 생육이나 수량 증대에 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 1 N NaOAc로 추출한 토양 유효규산 함량이 $100mg\;SiO_2\;kg^{-1}$ 이상인 경우 참외의 규산 흡수가 더 이상 증가하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 토양 유효규산 함량을 무시한 과다 규산질 비료의 시용은 pH와 EC의 증가에 따른 부작용을 유발할 가능성도 높으므로 농가지도를 통하여 시용량이 적절히 조절되어야 할 것이며, 참외를 비롯한 밭작물에 대한 적정 토양 유효규산 함량과 시비 기준 확립을 위한 연구가 더욱 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

자외선(紫外線) 조사(照射)에 의(依)한 탁주효모(濁酒酵母)의 변이주(變異株) 육성(育成)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (제3보)(第三報) -변이주(變異株)의 생산능(生酸能) 및 변이주(變異株)를 이용(利用)한 탁주양조(濁酒釀造)에 대(對)하여- (Studies on the Induction of Available Mutant of Takju Yeast by UV light Irradiation Part III -On the Acid Productivity of the Mutant and Takju Brewing Utilized the Mutant-)

  • 김찬조;오만진;김성렬
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.23-29
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    • 1975
  • 탁주효모에 자외선을 조사(照射)시켜 얻은 변이주(變異株)의 생산성(生酸性)에 미치는 pH 및 온도의 영향과 생성한 산을 PPC법 및 p-oxidiphenyl 법(法)으로 검정하고 또한 이균(菌)을 이용한 탁주양조시험을 하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 산(酸) 생산변이주의 생산능(生酸能)은 $25{\sim}35^{\circ}C$ 하(下)에서는 별 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 2. 생산(生酸)변이주는 pH 4이하(以下)에서는 거의 산을 생성하지 않았으나 pH 4 이상에서는 중성(中性)으로 감에 따라 급격히 산을 생성하여 pH $5{\sim}7$하에서는 48시간의 배양으로 $0.5{\sim}0.7%$의 생산량(生酸量)을 보였다. 3. 변이주가 생성한 산을 검정한 결과 젖산으로 인정되었다. 4. 산(酸) 생성변이주의 효모(酒母)를 사용하면 담금원료의 5% 입국(粒麴)으로도 20% 입국(粒麴)을 사용할 때와 같은 양질의 탁주를 제조할 수 있었다. 5. 당화제(糖化劑)로서 분국(粉麴)만을 사용하여 모균주(母菌株)의 주모(酒母)와 산 생성변이주의 주모(酒母)를 시차적으로 첨가함으로서 양조기간의 단축과 양질의 탁주를 제조할 수 있었다.

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Methyl tert-Butyl Ether(MTBE)의 in-situ Remediation을 위한 Modified Fenton Process에 관한 연구 (Removal of Methyl tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) by Modified Fenton Process for in-situ Remediation)

  • 정영욱;서승원;김민경;이종열;공성호
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.27-36
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    • 2007
  • 기존의 연구를 통해 Fenton's reagent(FR)를 이용하여 MTBE의 제거가 가능하며, 그러나 중성 pH영역에서는 철이온이 수산화물로 침전되어 반응성이 낮아지므로 FR만을 이용한 처리는 높은 수소이온 농도조건(pH $3{\sim}4$)이라는 제약으로 인해 직접적인 토양 및 지하수의 MTBE 오염처리에 있어 여러 가지 어려움이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 효과적인 처리를 위하여 NTA, oxalate, acetate 등의 chelating agent가 철이온과 반응하여 생성된 착화합물을 이용하는 modified Fenton reaction을 도입하여 중성 pH영역에서도 철이온이 안정화되어 높은 분해효율을 나타낼 수 있도록 하였다. MTBE의 분해경향은 chelating agent의 종류와 농도, 철이온 농도 그리고 pH 변화에 따라 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 가장 적합한 착화합물을 선택하기 위하여 총 6개의 chelating agent(citrate, oxalate, succinate, acetate, NTA, EDTA)를 실험한 결과, 처리효율과 chelating agent의 생분해도, 독성 등을 고려하여 최종 3가지 종(oxalate, acetate, NTA)이 선정되어 이후의 실험에서는 위의 3종만을 chelating agent로 이용하였다. 동일한 실험조건($H_2O_2$ : 5%, chelating agent : 6 mM, $Fe^{3+}$ : 2 mM, pH 7)하에서의 적용성 평가한 결과, Fe-NTA가 반응시작 30분만에 99.9%의 가장 높은 제거효율을 나타내었다. Oxalate의 경우, NTA보다는 그 분해효율이 낮으나 다른 chelating agent보다 상대적으로 높은 효율(24시간 후 최대효율 : 91.3%)을 보여주며, acetate를 이용한 경우도 본 실험에서 좋은 결과(24시간 후 최대효율 : 75.8%)를 나타내었다. 또한, 적정 철이온의 농도는 oxalate가 chelating agent로 이용되면 철이온 농도가 3 mM일때 가장 큰 분해효율을 보이며, acetate의 경우는 5 mM까지 농도가 증가함에 따라 그 효율도 조금씩 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이와같이 MTBE의 in-situ remediation을 위한 modified Fenton 공정은 철이온을 중성 pH영역에서 안정화시켜 실제 토양에 적용하였을 때, 높은 분해효율을 얻을 수 있으며, 경제적인 자체 생분해도가 높은 저분자 유기산을 이용하였으므로 생물학적 처리와 연계를 가능하게 해주는 장점을 나타낸다. 또한 토양 내 존재하는 철광석을 촉매로 이용할 경우, 주입되는 철이온 없이도 $H_2O_2$에서의 hydroxyl radical 생성을 증가 시킬 수 있으므로 보다 경제적이고 친환경적인 처리기법을 도출해 낼 수 있다.

Bioavailability of Phosphorus in Feeds of Plant Origin for Pigs - Review -

  • Weremko, D.;Fandrejewski, H.;Zebrowska, T.;Han, In K.;Kim, J.H.;Cho, W.T.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제10권6호
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    • pp.551-566
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    • 1997
  • Phosphorus has been known as an essential component of animal body. However, the requirement has not been determined precisely because of the variable bioavailabilities of feedstuffs from plant origin. The bioavailability of P in various feedstuffs of plant origin varies from 10 to 60%. Digestibility and availability of the P differed considerably depending on the feed. The lowest values were found for maize (under 20%), the highest for wheat and triticale (over 50%). This is due to the proportion of phytate and the presence of intrinsic phytase. And the digestive tract of monogastric animals does not contain sufficient amounts of phytase, an enzyme that hydrolyses the unavailable phytate complexes to available, inorganic orthophosphates. Microbial phytase supplementation improves the P availability, and both intrinsic plant and microbial phytase improves the availability of P in feedstuffs of plant origin. In a mixture of feeds with low and high activity of intrinsic phytase and/or supplemented by commercial phytase, the P availability is additive. However, in the light of current results it seems that exceeding the P availability equal to 60-70% is unrealizable even at large microbial phytase doses.

Low versus standard central venous pressure during laparoscopic liver resection: A systematic review, meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis

  • Mina Stephanos;Christopher M. B. Stewart;Ameen Mahmood;Christopher Brown;Shahin Hajibandeh;Shahab Hajibandeh;Thomas Satyadas
    • 한국간담췌외과학회지
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    • 제28권2호
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    • pp.115-124
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    • 2024
  • To compare the outcomes of low central venous pressure (CVP) to standard CVP during laparoscopic liver resection. The study design was a systematic review following the PRISMA statement standards. The available literature was searched to identify all studies comparing low CVP with standard CVP in patients undergoing laparoscopic liver resection. The outcomes included intraoperative blood loss (primary outcome), need for blood transfusion, mean arterial pressure, operative time, Pringle time, and total complications. Random-effects modelling was applied for analyses. Type I and type II errors were assessed by trial sequential analysis (TSA). A total of 8 studies including 682 patients were included (low CVP group, 342; standard CVP group, 340). Low CVP reduced intraoperative blood loss during laparoscopic liver resection (mean difference [MD], -193.49 mL; 95% confidence interval [CI], -339.86 to -47.12; p = 0.01). However, low CVP did not have any effect on blood transfusion requirement (odds ratio [OR], 0.54; 95% CI, 0.28-1.03; p = 0.06), mean arterial pressure (MD, -1.55 mm Hg; 95% CI, -3.85-0.75; p = 0.19), Pringle time (MD, -0.99 minutes; 95% CI, -5.82-3.84; p = 0.69), operative time (MD, -16.38 minutes; 95% CI, -36.68-3.39; p = 0.11), or total complications (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 0.97-3.80; p = 0.06). TSA suggested that the meta-analysis for the primary outcome was not subject to type I or II errors. Low CVP may reduce intraoperative blood loss during laparoscopic liver resection (moderate certainty); however, this may not translate into shorter operative time, shorter Pringle time, or less need for blood transfusion. Randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes will provide more robust evidence.