• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.135-145
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• 2001

DEUTZ AG, co-founded in 1864 by Nicolaus August Otto, the inventor of the four-stroke cycle engine, has developed the new 2013 engine for commercial vehicles on the basis of the tried and tested 1012 and 1013 series. With 4 and 6 cylinder models, the engine covers the power range between 100 and 190 kW. At the time of their introduction to the market, the engines will meet the exhaust emission legislation of EURO IV and incorporate the potential for EURO IV, Further engineering targets were. (Compactness, Favourable power/cost relation, Low weight, Low fuel consumption and Low noise level). All targets could be accomplished in a relatively short development period via the application of modem simulation tools and test methods. In this paper, the design configuration of the engines is described with particular emphasis on measures for noise emission reduction and the combustion system including injection and turbo charging. Furthermore, we demonstrate the engine's potential to fullfill the European emission legislation EU4, which comes into force in 2005.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.180-186
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• 2009

To meet the NOx limit without a penalty of fuel consumption, urea SCR system is currently regarded as promising NOx reduction technology for diesel engines. SCR system has to achieve maximal NOx conversion in combination with minimal $NH_3$ slip. In this study, as a basic research to develop an algorithm for urea injection control, the characteristics of engine out NOx emission and behavior of NOx reduction during steady-state and transient conditions were investigated using 2L DI diesel engine. Test results show that on increasing the catalyst temperature the variations in the outlet NOx concentration are faster and maximal allowable $NH_3$ storage exponentially decreases. For change from a low to high engine load, it can be seen that a few seconds after load-step is required to reach full NOx conversion and the adsorbed amount of $NH_3$ at lower temperature desorb during the next temperature increase, causing $NH_3$ slip. Engine out NOx emission needs to be corrected because NOx emissions just after step load is lower than that of steay state condition.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.83-87
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• 2012

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method has been used to investigate the axial force of automotive water pump. As the excessive axial force can make some unexpected problems like impeller interference and coolant leakage we have focused on finding the cause of axial force and its reduction in this paper. First, we have tested the closed type water pump with and without balance hole by the calculation methods. By examining the pressure contour around the impeller, we have found that the axial force arises not only from the pressure difference around shroud but also from the pressure difference around hub. So we have tested two impellers - one is normal open type impeller and the other is open type impeller with modified hub. The results show that the axial force reduction is about 150~200N for normal one and 700N@3000RPM for modified impeller. And the hydraulic efficiency which is important in aspect of engine fuel efficiency is reduced about 6.5% for normal one but increased 4%@3000RPM for modified impeller.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.680-685
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• 2006

The latest trend in the automotive industry demands the development of high stiffness car bodies and the securement of inter-system performance for low vibration and noise vehicles. This demand, however, conflicts with need for light weight design and greater fuel efficiency, thus raising the importance of optimization design to satisfy both developmental goals. We chose two European medium sedans, which has gasoline engine and diesel one, to elucidate the noise characteristics of diesel passenger cars, whose sales have been increasing in both Korea and Europe. In the present study a systematic experiment was conducted to analyze the noise characteristics in diesel cars. we made it possible for differentiating car management according to customer demand while allowing for improved commercial feasibility. it was possible to improve interior noise by 2 dB(A) on average sound pressure level. As a result, by 4% higher on articulation index(AI).

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.34-43
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to consider the performance and exhaust characteristics in the practical engine according to the cooling water temperature change of engine and to set up the optimum cooling condition and to obtain the optimum operating condition of thermostat in the cooling system. In order to accomplish the purpose of this study, authors have used the following procedure. 1. This study is to investigate the influence of the cooling water temperature on the engine performance and the exhaust gas, authors regulated the cooling water temperature by using the special closing circuit and measured the concentration of exhaust gas by using the exhaust gas measuring system in the exhaust pipe. 2. This study carried out the experiment by regulating the opening degree of throttle valve and engine speed in the dynamometer and by changing the cooling water temperature, at the same time kept air-fuel ratio constant and made the spark ignition time MBT(Minimum spark advance for Best Torque) 3. This study measured the cooling water temperature by using the K-type thermocouple centring around the easy over-heated parts and by installing a special closing circuit. Therefore, in this study, authors intend to examine the influence of the cooling water temperature on the engine performance, exhaust gas and present the basic materials needed in the engine design including the optimum operating time control system for the cooling water temperature.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2014

Integrated Starter Generator (ISG) system improves the fuel economy of hybrid electric vehicles by using idle stop and go function, and regenerative braking system. To obtain the high performance and durability of ISG motor under continuously high load condition, the motor needs to properly design the cooling system (cooling fan and cooling structure). In this study, we suggested the enhanced design by modifying the thermal design of the ISG motor and then analyzed the improvement of the cooling performance under high-speed condition and generating mode by CFD simulation. The temperatures at the coil and the magnet of the enhanced model were decreased by about $4^{\circ}C$ and $6^{\circ}C$, respectively, compared to those of the conventional model. Therefore, we verified the cooling performance enhancement of the novel thermal design in the case of core loss increment due to the higher speed condition.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.105-112
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• 2013

In this paper, EV (Electric Vehicle) and ICE (Internal Combustion Engine) vehicle simulators are developed to compare maximum driving range of EV and ICE vehicle according to different driving patterns. And, simulations are performed for fourteen constant velocity cases (20, 30, 40, ${\ldots}$, 150 km/h) and four different driving cycles. From the simulation results of constant velocity, it is found that the decreasing rate of maximum driving range for EV is larger than the one for ICE as both the vehicle velocity and the driving power increase. It is because the battery efficiency of EV decreases as both the velocity and the driving power increase, whereas the engine and transmission efficiencies of ICE vehicle increase. From the results of four driving cycle simulation, the maximum driving range of EV is shown to decrease by 50% if the average driving power of driving cycle increases from 10 to 20kW. It is because the battery efficiency decreases as the driving power increases. In contrast, the maximum driving range of ICE vehicle also increases as the average driving power of driving cycle increases. It is because the engine and transmission efficiencies also increase as the driving power increases.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.98-104
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• 2011

The introduction of a diesel engine into the passenger car and light duty applications in the United States involves significant technical challenges for the automotive makers. This paper describes the SCR System optimization procedure for such a diesel engine application to meet Tier2 Bin5 emission regulation. A urea SCR system, a representative $NO_x$ reduction after-treatment technique, is applied to a 3.0 liter diesel engine. To achieve the maximum $NO_x$ reduction performance, the exhaust system layout was optimized using series of the computational fluid dynamics and the urea distribution uniformity test. Furthermore a comprehensive simulation model for the key factors influencing $NO_x$ reduction performance was developed and embedded in the Simulink/Matlab environment. This model was then applied to the urea SCR system and played a key role to shorten the time needed for SCR control parameter calibration. The potential of a urea SCR system for reducing diesel $NO_x$ emission is shown for FTP75 and US06 emission standard test cycle.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.363-369
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• 2000

Due to environmental problem for reduction in fuel consumption, vehicle emission and etc., many automotive makers are trying to reduce the weight of the vehicle. The most effective way to reduce the weight of vehicle is to use lighter materials, aluminum, plastics. Aluminum Space Frame has many advantages in weight reduction, body stiffness, ease of model change and so on. So, most of automotive manufacturers are attempting to develope Aluminum Space Frame body. For these reasons, we have developed Aluminum Intensive Vehicle based on steel monocoque body with Hyundai Motor Company. We achieved about 30% weight reduction, the stiffness of our model was higher than that of conventional steel monocoque body. In this paper, with optimization using FEM analysis, we could get more weight reduction and body stiffness increase. In the long run, we analyzed by means of simulation using PAM-CRASH to evaluate crush and crash characteristic of Aluminum Intensive Vehicle in comparison to steel monocoque automotive.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.527-532
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• 2011

Due to the need for improved fuel consumption and the trend towards increasing the electrical content in automobiles, integrated starter generator (ISG) systems are being considered by the automotive industry. In this paper, in order to change the conventional generator of a vehicle, a belt driven integrated starter generator is considered. The overall ISG system, the design considerations for the claw pole type AC electric machine and a low voltage very high current power stage implementation are discussed. Test data on the low voltage claw pole type machine is presented, and a large current voltage source DC/AC inverter suitable for low voltage integrated starter generator operation is also presented. A metal based PCB (Printed Circuit Board) power unit to attach the 4-parallel MOS-FETs is used to achieve extremely high current capability. Furthermore, issues related to the torque assistance during vehicle acceleration and the generation/regeneration characteristics are discussed. A prototype with the capability of up to 1000 A and 27 V is designed and built to validate the kilo-amp inverter.