• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.348-355
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• 2016

Ideal autogenous or allogenic bone graft materials should provide 1) stabilization of blood clot, 2) scaffolds for cellular proliferation and differentiation, 3) release of osteogenic growth factors, 4) appropriate resorption profile for remodeling of new bone. Teeth, especially dentin, mostly contain hydroxyapatite and type I collagen which are similar to bone, and could be valuable graft material. Clinically teeth are used as calcined or demineralized forms. Demineralized form of dentin can be more effective as a graft material. But a conventional decalcification method takes time and long treatment time may give negative effects to various osteogenic proteins in dentin. Author used a new clinical method to prepare autogenous teeth, which could be grafted into the removal defects immediately after extraction using vacuum ultrasonic system. The process could be finished within two hours regardless of the form (powder, chip or block). Teeth were processed to graft materials in block, chip, or powder types immediately after extraction. It took 120 minutes to prepare block types and 40 minutes to prepare powder. Clinical cases did not show any adverse response and the healing was favorable. Rapid preparation of autogenous teeth with the vacuum ultrasonic system could make the immediate one-day extraction and graft possible.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.570-578
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• 2006

A severely atrophic maxilla may disturb the proper implant placement. The various bone graft techniques are required for simultaneous or delayed implantation in the cases of atrophic alveolar ridges. We present 11 consecutive patients treated with simultaneous implantation using the autogenous inlay and/or onlay bone grafts from iliac crest to the floor of the maxillary sinus and the alveolar crest. In the cases of atrophic maxilla, a total 69 implants were simultaneously placed with autogenous iliac bone graft. 40 fixtures were inserted in the sinus floor simultaneously with subantral block bone graft, the other 29 fixtures were placed in the anterior or premolar areas with block or particulate bone graft. The vertical alveolar bone height was measured with Dental CT at the preoperation and 6 months postoperation. Moreover, the implant stability quotients (ISQ) were measured by $Osstell^{TM}$ during second implant surgery at 6 months later of first implantation. All implants were obtained successful osseointegration with the grafted bone. The mean vertical increases were 3.9mm in the anterior ridges and 12.8mm in the posterior ridges. During the second implant surgery, mean ISQ were 62.95 in the anterior ridge and 61.32 in the posterior ridge. We concluded that the simultaneous implantation with autogenous iliac bone graft were stable and available methods for severely atrophic maxilla.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.329-338
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• 2012

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical results of vertical alveolar ridge augmentation using autogenous block bone graft, especially resorption rate, and outcomes of dental implants placed in the grafted site. Patients and Methods: Medical records and radiographs were reviewed. Twenty-seven patients who have been received the autogenous block bone graft which harvested from chin, ramus, and ilium, and the implant installation on 31 areas(22 maxillas and 9 mandibles) were included. Eight implants were installed simultaneously at the time of bone graft in 4 patients, and 65 implants were installed after 4.9 months(range 2~18 months) of autogenous block bone graft in 23 patients. The resorption amount and rate of augmented bone, and the success and survival rates implants were evaluated. Results: Mean height of the augmented block bone was $5.9{\pm}2.3mm$(range from 2.5 to 13.0 mm). Mean follow-up period after block bone graft was 30.4 months(range from 16 to 55 months). Mean resorption of the augmented block bone was $2.0{\pm}1.5mm$ (range from 0.5 to 7.24 mm). The success and survival rates of the implants were 78.1 % and 98.6%, respectively. Conclusion: This study indicates that the autogenous block bone graft is a useful and stable method for alveolar ridge augmentation for dental implant. And more augmentation is needed to compensate the resorption of the grafted bone.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.222-227
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• 2011

Purpose: Autogenous particulate bone grafting is a type of autogenous bone graft that consists of small particles of cortical and cancellous bone. Autogenous particulate bone grafting has been used for calvarial bone defect after calvarial defect of craniosynostosis and prevention of temporal depression after fronto-orbital advancement. The results were followed up and studied for effectiveness of autogenous calvarial particulate bone grafting. Methods: Cranial vault remodeling and fronto-orbital advancement was performed for six craniosynostosis patient from August 2005 to October 2007. Autogenous particulate bone grafting was harvested from endocortex of separated cranial vault and if insufficient, from extocortex of occipital region using Hudson brace & D'Errico craniotomy bit and was grafted on the calvarial bone defect of cranial vault and temporal hollow. Fibrin glues were added to the harvested particulated bone for adherence and shaping of paticles. Results: Autogenous particulate bone grafting was followed-up at least longer than I year. The calvarial bony defects following primary cranial remodeling were successfully covered and postoperative temporal depressions after fronto-orbital advancement were also well prevented by grafted particulated bone. Conclusion: Autogenous calvarial particulate bone graft can be harvested in infants and young children with minimal donor site morbidity. It effectively heals cranial defects in children and during fronto-orbital advancement reduces the prevalence of osseous defects independent of patient age. It's easy and effective method of reconstruction of calvarial defect.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.263-273
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• 1998

For histologic observation of the regenerated bone following guided tissue regeneration (GTR) using ePTFE membranes with calcium carbonate implant and autogenous bone graft, biopsies were collected from 2 patients during 5-year-postoperative surgical reentry. In both combined cases with guided tissue regeneration in conjunction with calcium carbonate implant and autogenous bone graft, significant bone fill and gain in probing attachment level was observed. In histologic examination, specimen in GTR case with calcium carbonate grafting was composed of a dense bone containing vascular channel with lamellar structure and viable bone cells in lacunae, however considerable calcium carbonate particles remained unresorbed and isolated from regenerated bone by the dense cellular and fibrous connective tissue. No formative cells could be seen in contact with remained calcium carbonate particles. In GTR case with autogenous bone grafting, specimen show was composed of a dense lamellar bone containing vascular channel, which showed normal alveolar bone architectures. The present observation indicate that guided tissue regeneration in conjunction with grafting, especially autogenous bone graft, has highly osteogenic potential, however resorbable calcium carbonate granules were not completely resorbed at 5 year postimplantation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.220-229
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• 2008

Purpose: The present study was aimed to examine the effect of acellular dermal matrix ($AlloDerm^{(R)}$) grafted to the experimental tissue defect on tissue regeneration. Materials and Methods: Male albino rabbits were used. Soft tissue defects were prepared in the external abdominal oblique muscle. The animals were then divided into 3 groups by the graft material used: no graft, autogenous dermis graft, and $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft. The healing sites were histologically examined at weeks 4 and 8 after the graft. In another series, critical sized defects with 8-mm diameter were prepared in the right and left iliac bones. The animals were then divided into 5 groups: no graft, grafted with autogenous iliac bone, $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft, $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft impregnated with rhBMP-2, and $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft with rhTGF-${\beta}1$. The healing sites of bone defect were investigated with radiologic densitometry and histological evaluation at weeks 4 and 8 after the graft. Results: In the soft tissue defect, normal healing was seen in the group of no graft. Inflammatory cells and foreign body reactions were observed in the group of autogenous dermis graft, and the migration of fibroblasts and the formation of vessels into the collagen fibers were observed in the group of $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft. In the bone defect, the site of bone defect was healed by fibrous tissues in the group of no graft. The marked radiopacity and good regeneration were seen in the group of autogenous bone graft. There remained the traces of $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ with no satisfactory results in the group of $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft. In the groups of the $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft with rhBMP-2 or rhTGF-${\beta}1$, there were numerous osteoblasts in the boundary of the adjacent bone which was closely approximated to the $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ with regeneration features. However, the fibrous capsule also remained as in the group of $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft, which separated the $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ and the adjacent bone. Conclusions: These results suggest that $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ can be useful to substitute the autogenous dermis in the soft tissue defect. However, it may not be useful as a bone graft material or a carrier, since the bone defect was not completely healed by the bony tissue, regardless of the presence of osteogenic factors like rhBMP-2 or rhTGF-${\beta}1$.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.528-538
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• 2014

PURPOSE. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the effectiveness of newly developed autogenous tooth bone graft material (AutoBT)application for sinus bone graft procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The patients with less than 5.0 mm of residual bone height in maxillary posterior area were enrolled. For the sinus bone graft procedure, Bio-Oss was grafted in control group and AutoBT powder was grafted in experimental group. Clinical and radiographic examination were done for the comparison of grafted materials in sinus cavity between groups. At 4 months after sinus bone graft procedure, biopsy specimens were analyzed by microcomputed tomography and histomorphometric examination for the evaluation of healing state of bone graft site. RESULTS. In CT evaluation, there was no difference in bone density, bone height and sinus membrane thickness between groups. In microCT analysis, there was no difference in total bone volume, new bone volume, bone mineral density of new bone between groups. There was significant difference trabecular thickness ($0.07{\mu}m$ in Bio-Oss group Vs. $0.08{\mu}m$ in AutoBT group) (P=.006). In histomorphometric analysis, there was no difference in new bone formation, residual graft material, bone marrow space between groups. There was significant difference osteoid thickness ($8.35{\mu}m$ in Bio-Oss group Vs. $13.12{\mu}m$ in AutoBT group) (P=.025). CONCLUSION. AutoBT could be considered a viable alternative to the autogenous bone or other bone graft materials in sinus bone graft procedure.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.377-392
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• 2004

The purpose of this present study was to investigate the effect of autogenous bone with histological evaluation of regenerated bone after sinus elevation. The study involved genaral healthy 6 patients participated in this study and were treated with 2-stage sinus elevation procedures using a combination of demineralized freezed-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) and coralline calcium carbonate with or without autogenous bone. At 6months after sinus elevation, bone specimens were obtained and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin for light microscopic evaluation. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Autogenous bone grafts present trabecular patterns at 6 months in test groups, consist of woven bone and lamellar bone, but more compact than control groups. 2. Resorption of bone graft particles, osteoblast-like cells, newly formed osteoid tissue were observed at 6 months in test groups, but seems to be more frequently than control groups. 3. New osteoid tissue was formed from the surface of graft materials and gradually expanded around them. 4. The appearance of connective tissue around graft materials was densely formed, but more prominent in test groups than control groups. 5. Bone graft particles were resorbed incompletely and slight inflammatory infiltrate, newly formed capillaries, and adipocytes were observed. From the above results, autogenous bone is effective in bone regeneration after sinus elevation, could provide favorable conditions in implant placement.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.37 no.2 s.357
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• pp.137-145
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• 1999

More and more, esthetic and functional reconstruction of intra oral bone defect by trauma, pathologic disease is increasing in these days. the study about this field is going. Autogenous bone graft has advantage in biocompatyibility, but loss of donor material was relatively large. Allogenic graft has disadvantage in immunologic refusal reaction. We reconstructed several cases of periodontal, alveolar bone defects and pathologic bone defects, In all cases, we used resorbable membrane Biomesh and autogenous bone graft from retromolar triangle area, chin, torus, maxillary tuberosity, and extraction socket. From these cases, we obtained good prognosis, so we report clinical cases of Guided Tissue Regeneration with autogenous bone graft.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.337-343
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• 2010

Purpose: By reviewing literature on the subject, we compared the survival rate of implants placed in various graft materials used for maxillary sinus augmentation. Materials and Methods: The search protocol used the Pubmed electronic database, with a time limit from 1998 to 2009. Keywords such as 'sinus lift,' 'sinus augmentation,' 'sinus floor elevation,' 'sinus graft,' 'bone graft,' 'implants,' 'oral implants,' and 'dental implants' were used, alone and in combination, to search the database. We selected articles and divided them into three groups by type of graft materials: Group 1. Autogenous bone group: autogenous bone alone; Group 2. Combined bone group: autogenous bone in combination with bone substitutes; and Group 3. Substitute group: bone substitutes alone or bone substitute combinations. Results: We selected 37 articles concerning a total of 2,257 patients and 7,282 implants; 417 implants failed. The total implant survival rate (ISR, %) was 94.3%. In Group 1, 761 patients and 2,644 implants were studied; 179 implants failed and the ISR was 93.2%. In Group 2, 583 patients and 1,931 implants were studied; 126 implants failed and the ISR was 93.5%. In Group 3, 823 patients and 2,707 implants were studied; 112 implants failed and the ISR was 95.9%. Conclusion: Implants inserted in grafts composed of bone substitutes alone or in grafts composed of autogenous bone in combination with bone substitutes may achieve survival rates better than those for implants using autogenous bone alone (P<0.05).