• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.871-874
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• 2011

Purpose: In some patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), Hypernasality can persist after surgical management. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is applied to these patients for treating hypernasality. The purpose of this study is to report follow-up results of postoperative CPAP therapy. Methods: After performing palatal lengthening, CPAP therapy was applied to three patients for eight weeks from July of 2008 to November of 2009. Perceptual evaluation, nasometry, and nasopharyngeal endoscopy were performed to evaluate hypernasality, nasalance and size of the gap at velopharyngeal port. Each evaluation was made before surgery, right after CPAP therapy and during follow-up of more than a year after CPAP therapy. Results: All of the patients showed improvement in hypernasality right after CPAP therapy according to the auditory perceptual evaluation, nasometry and nasopharyngeal endoscopy. But the improvement in hypernasality in these patients did not last during follow-up. Conclusion: In this study, our results suggest that CPAP therapy is effective in reducing hypernasality for postoperative VPI patients immediately after the therapy, but hypernasality may be worsen in some patients during follow-up. Therefore we recommend follow-ups after CPAP therapy to see if the efficacy of CPAP therapy lasts.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.73-76
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• 2010

Purpose: There are several surgical methods for correcting a velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) but in some cases, it is not possible to achieve complete recovery of the velopharyngeal function. This paper introduces a new therapy for treating hypernasality without further surgery using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Methods: CPAP therapy was applied to seven VPI patients for eight weeks from April of 2007 to September of 2009. All patients underwent palatoplasty for the cleft palate and six patients underwent palatal lengthening for VPI before CPAP therapy. A speech pathologist performed an auditory perceptual evaluation to evaluate the improvement in hypernasality after 8-week CPAP therapy. Results: Six patients showed an improvement in hypernasality after CPAP therapy according to the auditory perceptual evaluation. One patient with severe hypernasality responded to the early part of therapy but the hypernasality did not improve after therapy. Conclusion: CPAP therapy might be effective in reducing the hypernasality in patients with VPI by providing resistance training to strengthen the velopharyngeal closure muscles. In particular, CPAP therapy could be more effective for patients who show mild to moderate hypernasality after surgery.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.437-444
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• 2002

This paper is to provide the basic way of a acoustical evaluation and efficient control noise by investigating the limits of perceptual loudness of living environment and by finding out any correlation between Physical characteristics of noise and psychoacoustic parameters. The limits of perceptual loudness were selected by the subjects in a chamber for residential and working environment. And the noise sources were analyzed to find out whether there is any correlation with Zwicker parameters and ACF factors. In this study especially, to set up the domestic evaluation grade about floor impact noise. we'd like to suggest the loudness Perception research result as fundamental resource for setting up the evaluation grade through the result that is based on annoyance. In the result of this research, upper limit of heavy-weight impact noise was L-60, and lower limit of it was L-50. On the other hand, upper limit of light-weight impact noise was L-70, and lower limit of it was L-55. It seemed that the loudness of noise from vacuum cleaner noise does not affect its perceived noisiness. Noises implicated In human such as floor walking noise and talking sound, are the most irritating noise in office environment.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2015

Objectives:This study aims to investigate the correlation between the measurements of Praat as an acoustic evaluation and those of GRBAS and CAPE-V as perceptual rating tool respectively. Through this, it also tries to find out parameters to which attention should be paid when an evaluator, who is untrained in auditory-perceptual voice evaluation, conducts voice evaluation with objective tool. Materials and Methods:Voice samples of this study were 33 vocal polyp patients(23 males and 10 females) who visited our Department of Otorhinolaryngology. They sustained vowel voices of 'e' were recorded and acoustically analyzed. Results:As the results of correlation analysis between GRBAS and Praat measurements, G scale and R scale showed statistically significant correlation with Jitt, Shim and NHR. And it is found that B scale represented significant correlation with Jitt, S scale with Shim. As the results of analysis on correlation with CAPE-V and Praat measurements, OS scale and R scale showed statistically significant correlation with Jitt, Shim and NHR. B scale represented significant correlation with Jitt, S scale with Shim. Conclusion:Although, both GRBAS and CAPE-V were highly reliable, in comparison between CAPE-V and Pratt, more parameters that showed statistically significant correlation are observed, which implies that VAS has more potential to make detailed evaluation than ORD.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권6호
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• pp.1196-1203
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• 2011

The reduced frequency selectivity is a typical phenomenon of sensorineural hearing loss. In this paper, we compared two modeling methods for reduced frequency selectivity of hearing impaired people. The two models of reduced frequency selectivity were made using LPC(linear prediction coding) algorithm and bandwidth control algorithm based on ERB(equivalent rectangular bandwidth) of auditory filter, respectively. To compare the effectiveness of two models, we compared the result of PESQ (perceptual evaluation of speech quality) and LLR(log likelihood ratio) using 36 Korean words of two syllables. To verify the effect on noise condition, we mixed white and babble noise with 0dB and -3dB SNR to speech words. As the result, it is confirmed that the PESQ score of bandwidth control algorithm is higher than the score of LPC algorithm, on the other hands, and the LLR score of LPC algorithm is lower than the score of bandwidth control algorithm. It means that both non-linearity and widen auditory filter characteristics caused by reduced frequency selectivity could be more reflected in bandwidth control algorithm than in LPC algorithm.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2016

When a virtual sound source for 3D auditory system is reproduced by a linear loudspeaker array, listeners can perceive not only the direction of the source, but also its distance. Control over perceived distance has often been implemented via the adjustment of various acoustic parameters, such as loudness, spectrum change, and the direct-to-reverberant energy ratio; however, there is a neglected yet powerful cue to the distance of a nearby virtual sound source that can be manipulated for sources that are positioned away from the listener's median plane. This paper address the problem of generating binaural signals for moving sources in closed or in open environments. The proposed perceptual enhancement algorithm composed of three main parts is developed: propagation, reverberation and the effect of the head, torso and pinna. For propagation the effect of attenuation due to distance and molecular air-absorption is considered. Related to the interaction of sounds with the environment, especially in closed environments is reverberation. The effects of the head, torso and pinna on signals that arrive at the listener are also objectives of the consideration. The set of HRTF that have been used to simulate the virtual sound source environment for 3D auditory system. Special attention has been given to the modelling and interpolation of HRTFs for the generation of new transfer functions and definition of trajectories, definition of closed environment, etc. also be considered for their inclusion in the program to achieve realistic binaural renderings. The evaluation is implemented in MATLAB.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.1142-1146
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• 2007

In this studies, subjective evaluation of heavy-weight floor impact sound through classification was conducted. Heavyweight impact sounds generated by an impact ball were recorded through dummy heads in apartment buildings. The recordings were classified according to the frequency characteristics of the floor impact sounds which are influenced by the floor structure with different boundary conditions and composite materials. The characteristics of the floor impact noise were investigated by paired comparison tests and semantic differential tests. Sound sources for auditory experiment were selected based on the actual noise levels with perceptual level differences. The results showed that roughness and fluctuation strength as well as loudness of the heavy-weight impact noise had a major effect on annoyance.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2021

의사소통에 중요한 역할을 하는 운율은 기능에 따라 언어적 운율과 정서적 운율로 구분한다. 대뇌 편재화 관점에서 정서적 운율 처리는 우반구가 주로 담당한다는 결과가 일반론적으로 받아들여지지만, 언어적 운율에 대한 연구들은, 연구간의 방법적인 차이로 인해 결과가 상이하게 나타난다. 본 연구는 정상 화자 9명과 뇌졸중 환자 14명(좌반구 손상 7명, 우반구 손상 7명)의 세 집단을 대상으로 대뇌 편재화의 관점에서 언어적 운율 특성을 살펴보기 위해 세 가지 형태 의문문(의문사 의문문, 예-아니오 의문문, 선택 의문문)에서의 발화속도, 지속시간, 음도, 강도와 관련된 운율 특징을 청지각 평가와 함께 살펴보았다. 연구결과, 통계적으로 유의한 주요변수들이 좌반구 손상 환자의 자료에서 결함을 보였으며, 예-아니오 의문문과 선택 의문문보다 의문사 의문문에서 더욱 두드러졌다. 이러한 경향은 특히 음도와 발화속도 관련 변수들에서 두드러졌다. 본 연구의 결과는 한국어 사용자의 의문사 사용에 있어서 어휘-의미론적, 구문론적 정보와 같은 언어학적으로 관련 있는 운율 처리의 경우 우반구보다 좌반구에서 대체로 우세하다는 점을 방증한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.3046-3050
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• 2014

본 연구는 음성장애 청지각적 평가인 EAI(등간척도)와 VAS(시각적 아날로그 척도)의 차이점, 각 평가방법에 대한 평가자 자가-신뢰도(confidence rating)을 알아보았다. 30명의 언어병리전공 학생들이 음성장애로 진단받은 화자(N=25)의 발성과 읽기 샘플을 듣고 EAI는 7점 척도, VAS는 0-10cm의 직선에 음성장애 정도를 표시했고, 판단에 대한 자가 신뢰도 점수는 7점 척도로 실시했다. 음성장애 정도에 대한 판단의 준거가 제시되는 상황(조건 1)과 그렇지 않은 상황(조건 2)에서 모음 연장발성과 읽기 과제에 대해 각각 실시했다. 연구 결과, 발성이나 읽기과제에서 모두 동일하게 모두 VAS평가 점수가 높게 산출되었고, 통계적으로 유의하였다. 그 외 조건 1의 읽기과제와 조건 2의 발성과제에 대한 EAI와 VAS평가 점수 간에는 차이가 없었다. 이러한 결과는 음성장애 화자들의 발화 과제와 청지각적 평가유형이 청취자들의 지각적인 판단에 영향을 미칠 수 있으며, 이에 대한 보다 집중된 임상 연구가 계속되어야 할 것을 시사한다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.68-77
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• 2000

선 스펙트럼 주파수를 양자화하기 위한 대부분의 방법들이 가중 유클리드 거리에 기반하고 있는 반면, 본 논문에서는 청각 마스킹 효과에 기반한 에러 척도를 사용하여 선 스펙트럼 주파수를 효과적으로 양자화하는 방법을 제안하였다. 제안한 방법에서는 noise-to-mask ratio (NMR)를 선 스펙트럼 주파수의 양자화에 적합하도록 변형한 새로운 에러 척도를 유도하고, 이를 사용하여 선 스펙트럼 주파수를 양자화한다. 한편, 본 논문에서는 양자화하고자 하는 음성 프레임이 갖는 청각적인 특성을 고려하여 동적으로 비트를 할당하는 적응 양자화 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 성능 평가를 위해서 11948 프레임의 테스트 자료를 기존의 방법과 제안한 방법으로 각자 양자화하고 perceptually transparent frame의 비운 및 이때의 평균 비트율을 비교한 결과, 기존의 방법이 1800 bps의 비트율에서 89.9%의 perceptually transparent frame을 얻은 데 비해, 제안한 방법은 770 bps의 평균 비트율에서 95.5%의 perceptually transparent frame을 얻음으로써 제안한 방법이 효과적임을 보였다.