• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.263-269
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• 2015

디지털 워터마킹은 인간의 감각으로 감지할 수 없고 통계적인 방법에 의하여 검출되지 않는 정보를 디지털 데이터에 삽입하는 기술이다. 일반적으로 디지털 음향 신호에 대한 워터마킹은 의미 있는 정보를 갖는 이진 시퀀스를 원래의 디지털 음향 신호에 삽입하여 구현한다. 그러나 삽입된 이진 정보는 원래의 디지털 음향 신호의 관점에서는 잡음으로 작용하여 원래의 음향 신호를 왜곡 시키거나 열화 시키는 원인으로 작용한다. 본 논문에서는 인간의 가청 주파수 영역에서 이진 정보의 삽입으로 인한 원 음향 정보의 왜곡을 최소화시킬 수 있는 이진 정보 발생 방법을 제안하였다. 제안한 방법은 표준부호 디지트 코딩을 이용한 방법으로서 인접한 데이터간의 주파수 간섭을 최소화 하여 인간의 가청 주파수 영역에서의 이진 정보 시퀀스의 영향을 최소화 하도록 구현하였다. 제안한 방법은 일반적인 이진 정보발생 방법과 주파수 분석 비교를 통하여 성능을 평가하였다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.152-160
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the physical characteristics and tranquility of the valleys located in Gangwon region. For this study we analyzed the field survey data 135 valleys using GIS. The elements for measurement of tranquility were divided into visual elements including terrain, objects, forest, water and auditory elements including noise. These elements were divided further into positive and negative factors. The weight of each element and item was calculated by applying the AHP method. The results of this study are as follows. The length of the valley ranged from 126 m to 17 km, and the elevation ranged from 40 m to 1,800 m. Type of mixed forest was common in the valleys. The depth of the water was over 20 cm in 83% of the total area and most of the water was in good condition in visual quality. Regarding the positive factors of tranquility, the weighted scores of the objects, waterfall sounds and visual transparence of the water were of relatively high value. Relatively high values were also shown in closed and curved topography in the landform, forest type and natural forests. In the negative factors, the weights of the objects and forest elements had high values. Within the facility groups, facility of the river produced a considerable negative. After applying the index of tranquility, the natural physical attributes affected the tranquility value, more than the manmade structures to a much greater degree.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was conducted to compare between hallucination group and delusion group in patient with schizophrenia, using Brain $^{99m}Tc$-ECD PECT. Methods : Among 16 patients with less than 3 schizophrenic episodes, 8 patients whose initial symptom was hallucination were assigned to the hallucination group, and other 8 patients with initial sumptom of delusion were assinged to the hallucination group. All of the patients clinically evaluated using the PANSS and BPRS. Both groups of patients and 8 healthy subjects underwent $^{99m}Tc$-ECD PECT. Results : Score of thinking disturbance subscale of BPRS were significantly lower in the hallucination group than the delusion group. In SPECT analysis, the hallucination group showed significantly increased perfusion in some areas of the right temporal lobe, bilateral limbic lobes and left parietal lobe compared to delusion group. Both group had a reduced rCBF in some areas of the frontal lobe. Conclusion : The hallucniation group, compared with the delusion group, showed significantly increased regional cerebral blood flow in some regions. Therefore, this data suggests that different neural substrates may affect the process of auditory hallucination and delusion.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2013

A science museum responds independently based on the exhibits and exhibition environments as the visitors are different in purposes, interests and demands. Therefore a science museum should be designed keeping it in mind that there are various ways for visitors to perceive and use the exhibition spaces and exhibits. The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the characteristics of sensory receptors for the exhibits in National Museum of Nature and Science's Global Gallery, Tokyo, in terms of information transmission and to identify the nature of exhibit medium that can affect the perception and recognition of the exhibits by visitors. Through these 9 sensory receptors, human recognizes first with visual, auditory and olfactory senses and reacts using vestibular organ, proprioceptor (stretch), tangoreceptor, themoreceptor, taste and olfactory senses. Human uses these information processing to recolonize the external environment. This process is similar to the visitor's information transmission process for the exhibition medium. By dividing the analysis results per exhibition theme and developing the information transmission processing types per sensory receptor, we could understand that the distribution conditions are closely connected with the composition of the exhibition scenario in the exhibtion area. Especially, the understanding of how the information transmission is made through sensory receptors could can be the criteria that determines on the factors that can identify the exhibition purposes of a science museum which are eduction and understanding.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1113-1120
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• 2012

This paper deals with the analysis of interior noise and low frequency noise characteristic for the Busan citizens to use public transport, Busan Metro Line 3. The interior noise evaluation index, articulation index(AI) is evaluated the lower value about average 22 % in a whole range, this is difficult to have a conversation. Also, noise criteria(NC) curve is partially evaluated as NC-65 below 2000 Hz, space type is evaluated as factories. Another of interior noise evaluation index, preferred speech interference level(PSIL) is evaluated the upper value about average 66 dB(A) in a whole range, this is evaluated to be interrupted. In the case of low frequency noise(20~200 Hz), the measurement of low frequency noise is assessed largely beyond noise criteria of ISO 226. The low frequency noise should be reduced because low frequency noise affects on psychological stress and displeasure although low frequency noise is not recognized by auditory sense. The low frequency noise criteria and guideline will be enacted from now on in Korea.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.1022-1038
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• 2017

Wearable smart products contributed to expand the concept of modern clothing in terms of closer communication between wearers and the surrounding environment. This study investigated the concept of wearable smart actuators and characteristics of actuating feedback. The representative product development trends over the past 10 years are examined based on the method of actuating feedback. A first keyword search from Naver and Google reused to select the final 58 products based on the second key keyword actuating feedback. The wearable smart actuator system works in a similar way to a human body system such as those of the information processing process. Actuating feedback is delivered directly to the user as the last signal of the system, which has visual, auditory and tactile feedback. It works in complex at the device to be delivered to the user. Actuator feedback is divided into three types of active and passive, depending on the user situation, the overall purpose of the product, the collected information, and the device dependency. Active actuating feedback determines and actuates the situation on behalf of the user when the user is in an emergency or a disability situation. Passive actuating feedback plays a role in environmental monitoring to help in a healthy daily life.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.50-59
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• 2016

VR은 가상의 콘텐츠를 시각, 청각 등 감각을 통하여 현실인 것처럼 체험하는 가상현실 기술을 말한다. VR은 발전을 거듭하여, 뉴스에까지 영향을 미치고 있다. 이는 뉴스의 틀을 크게 흔드는 것으로, 기존의 방식이 사진이나 기사, 영상을 보는 수동적 행위로 뉴스를 보는 것이었다면 VR 뉴스는 체험과 참여라는 능동적 패러다임을 제시하고 있다. 본 연구는 각 언론사들의 VR 뉴스를 분석하여 보고, VR 뉴스가 어떠한 방법으로 발전하고 있는지 살펴보았다. 나아가, 실제로 VR 뉴스에 대해 사용자들이 어떻게 인식하고 있는지 알아보기 위해 실험연구를 실시하였다. 뉴스를 이용하는 사용자들에게 기존의 방식과 VR 뉴스 방식으로 작성된 뉴스를 비교하여 보여주고, 질문지를 통해 인터뷰하였다. 통계 및 분석 작업을 통하여 도출한 결과는 다음과 같다. 사용자들은, VR 뉴스에 대한 인식에서 사실적인 현장감이 느껴지지만, 뉴스가 가지고 있는 고유한 정보 전달의 측면에서는 아직 부족하다고 평가하였다. 하지만, VR 뉴스에 대한 재이용 의사는 높게 나타났는데, 이는 VR 뉴스를 접해 본 사용자들이 갖는 기대감이 나타난 부분이다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.45-59
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• 2007

The operating tasks of overhead crane have caused undue stress to the operators from physical, mental, and environmental workload. Existing workload assessment models for musculoskeletal disorders such as OWAS, RULA, and QEC have limited applicability to the crane operating tasks because they focus mainly on physical factors and do not consider the relative importance of each factor. The present study was to develop a workload assessment model customized to overhead crane operation, following a systematic process: (1) analyzing task characteristics, (2) selecting workload factors, (3) developing assessment methods, (4) establishing action levels, and (5) computerizing the assessment model. Based on literature review, worksite survey, and focus group interview, 4 physical factors (awkward posture, static posture, repetitive motion, and excessive force), 6 mental factors (visual demand, auditory demand, task complexity and difficulty, time urgency, work schedule related stress, and safety related stress), and 4 environmental factors (noise, vibration, dust, and temperature) were selected and their rating scales and relative weights were determined. Then, based on the workload assessment results of 8 overhead cranes operated at different workplaces, the action levels of each factor category were established. Finally, the crane operation assessment model was computerized for effective analysis and report preparation. The present approach is applicable to develop a customized workload assessment model for an operating task under consideration.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2009

Our study goal is to find out how the table height influences functional ability of upper extremity to patients with stroke when they are having therapy. In this study, we tested forty patients with stroke at the age of over sixty-five who do not have visual, auditory disability and have no difficulty in communicating and moving things by using upper extremity. And they were able to pinch grip in hospital. We used occupational table for occupational therapy as Lab Materials. We also used cube and pegs board to test upper extremity functional ability. We used occupational table for occupational therapy as Lab Materials and we used cube and pegs board to test upper extremity functional ability. The method is that we measured the recommended table height that takes the subjects' size into consideration and patients' preferred table height and therapists' preferred table height and we applied them and then we have done a comparative analysis and set significance level(p<0.05). As the result, we found the Statistically significant between the recommended height and the other two, which are patients' preferred height and therapists' preferred height. We also discovered that functional ability of upper extremity varies significantly depending on each table height. We came to a conclusion that the table height had effects on the upper extremity functional ability of patients with stroke who are over sixty-five years old. It is therefore considered that the proper table height is important to improve upper extremity functional ability of patients with stroke for their physical therapy.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 Kinect 카메라를 통해 촬영된 영상 처리를 통해 상반된 감성 자극 관점에서 안면 움직임의 차이를 분석하는 연구를 진행하였다. Russell의 2차원 감성 모델에서 원점 대칭 위치에 존재하는 두 상반된 감성인 "Sad - Excitement", "Contentment - Angry" 감성을 유발하기 위해 피험자에게 시각자극과 청각자극을 동시에 제공하였다. Kinect Face Tracking SDK에서 제공되는 121개 특징점으로 구성된 안면 active appearance model에서 안면 움직임을 잘 표현하는 31개의 주요 특징점 주변의 화소 변화를 측정하였다. 안면 근육의 비선형적 움직임 문제를 해결하기 위해 지역 이동 기반 최소거리 결정 방법(local minimum shift matching)을 사용하였다. 분석 결과, sad 감성에서는 우측 안면 움직임이 많이 나타났고, excitement 감성에서는 좌측 안면 움직임이 많이 나타남으로써 두 상반된 감성 자극에 대한 안면 움직임의 위치 또한 상반된 결과를 보였다. 또한 "Contentment" 감성에서는 좌측 안면 움직임이 많이 나타났고, "Angry" 감성에서는 안면의 좌우 구분 없이 움직임이 나타남으로써, 두 상반된 감성 자극에 대해서는 우측 안면에서 차이를 확인할 수 있었다.