• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2005

Little research has been performed regarding auditory icons even though auditory icons have great potentials as a strategy for creating informative, intuitively accessible, and unobtrusive interface. Therefore, this study was conducted to design new auditory icons through the iconic mapping for ten most frequently used mobile phone menus, and to show the usability of auditory icons. Two most familiar auditory sounds for each menu were collected and compared to the current button-pressing sound. The results show that the newly designed auditory icons had shorter recognition times, better satisfaction than the current icons. In other words, auditory icons could be an effective interface to provide a redundant feedback along with visual feedbacks in navigating mobile devices.

• 음성과학
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate correlation of auditory development and language development of children with hearing impairment Eighteen subjects with severe or profound hearing loss participated in this study. They were 22-to 55-month-olds who had hearing parents with no additional disabling conditions. The test material was the Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (MAIS) and MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory-Korea (MCDI-K). A Pearson Correlation Coefficient was determined through a statistical analysis. The results followed as; firstly there was a strong correlation between auditory development and receptive language development. Secondly, there was a strong correlation between receptive language development and expressive language development. Finally, there was a strong correlation between auditory development and education onset time. Therefore, auditory training is important method for auditory rehabilitation and education onset time is important variation for auditory development.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.70-78
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• 2021

청각정보는 시각에 비해 방향에 제한을 받지 않으므로 자동차 내에서 긴급한 알림이나 경고의 목적으로 활용된다. 그러나 청각장애 운전자는 청각정보를 인지할 수 없으므로 이를 대체하기 위해 다양한 시각화 방법이 시도되고 있다. 청각정보를 시각화할 때는 시각에 집중되는 인지과부하를 방지하기 위해 중요한 정보만을 선별해서 제공하여야 하며, 이를 위해서는 자동차 내 청각정보의 유형 분석이 우선되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 청각장애 운전자의 운전상황 관찰을 통해 자동차 내에서 경험하는 청각정보를 수집하였다. 수집된 33가지의 청각정보는 전문가 그룹에 의한 개방적 카드소팅을 통해 12개의 그룹으로 분류되었으며, 그룹 간 상대적 중요도 비교를 통해 4개의 계층으로 분석하였다. 제시된 자동차 내 청각정보 유형은 청각정보를 시각 또는 촉각으로 변환하여 표시할 때 중요한 정보를 선별하기 위한 가이드 라인으로서 활용이 가능하다. 본 연구는 청각장애 운전자를 대상으로 일상에서의 실제 운전상황 관찰에 의한 사용자 경험 분석이 이루어졌다는 데 의의가 있다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.182-189
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• 2002

본 논문은 오디오 색인·검색 시스템을 구현하기 위하여 오디오 신호에 대한특징 파라메터 풀 (pool)을 구성하고 이에 따른 오디오 데이터의 내용분석 및 분류에 관한 연구이다. 오디오 데이터는 기본적인 다양한 오디오 형태로 분류되어진다. 본 논문에서는 오디오 데이터의 분류에 이용 가능한 특징 파라메터를 분석하고 추출방법에 대하여 논한다. 그리고 특징 파라메터 풀을 색인 그룹 단위로 구성하여 오디오 카테고리에 대한 설정된 특징들의 포함 정도와 색인기준을 오디오 데이터의 내용을 중심으로 비교 ·분석한다. 그리고 위의 결과를 바탕으로 분류절차를 구성하여 오디오 신호를 분류하는 모의실험을 행하였다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.673-680
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• 2010

The effects of different auditory warnings on response time and accuracy were studied in a laboratory ship-bridge work environment. Subjective preference on the type of auditory warnings was also of a primary concern. Twenty five subjects were asked to select an appropriate button for the warning sound presented with three types of auditory warning (abstract sound, auditory icon, and voice alarm) and five levels of warning situation (fire, steering failure, collision, engine failure, and low power). Results showed that the response time and accuracy was significantly affected by the types of auditory warning. The voice alarm resulted in a higher accuracy and subjective preference, as compared to the auditory icon and abstract sound. Regarding the response time, auditory icons and voice alarms were equivalent and superior to abstract sounds. Actual or potential applications of this research include guidelines for the design of integrated ship bridge systems.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.174-179
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: The integration of auditory-visual speech information improves speech perception; however, if the auditory system input is disrupted due to hearing loss, auditory and visual inputs cannot be fully integrated. Additionally, temporal coincidence of auditory and visual input is a significantly important factor in integrating the input of these two senses. Time delayed acoustic pathway caused by the signal passing through digital signal processing. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of hearing loss and hearing aid digital delay circuit on sound-induced flash illusion. Subjects and Methods: A total of 13 adults with normal hearing, 13 with mild to moderate hearing loss, and 13 with moderate to severe hearing loss were enrolled in this study. Subsequently, the sound-induced flash illusion test was conducted, and the results were analyzed. Results: The results showed that hearing aid digital delay and hearing loss had no detrimental effect on sound-induced flash illusion. Conclusions: Transmission velocity and neural transduction rate of the auditory inputs decreased in patients with hearing loss. Hence, the integrating auditory and visual sensory cannot be combined completely. Although the transmission rate of the auditory sense input was approximately normal when the hearing aid was prescribed. Thus, it can be concluded that the processing delay in the hearing aid circuit is insufficient to disrupt the integration of auditory and visual information.

• 대한청각학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

Auditory scene analysis is defined as a listener's ability to segregate a meaningful message from meaningless background noise in a listening environment. To gain better understanding of auditory perception in terms of message integration and segregation ability among concurrent signals, we aimed to systematically review the size of auditory scenes among individuals. A total of seven electronic databases were searched from 2000 to the present with related key terms. Using our inclusion criteria, 4,507 articles were classified according to four sequential steps-identification, screening, eligibility, included. Following study selection, the quality of four included articles was evaluated using the CAMARADES checklist. In general, studies concluded that the size of auditory scene increased as the number of sound sources increased; however, when the number of sources was five or higher, the listener's auditory scene analysis reached its maximum capability. Unfortunately, the score of study quality was not determined to be very high, and the number of articles used to calculate mean effect size and statistical significance was insufficient to draw significant conclusions. We suggest that study design and materials that consider realistic listening environments should be used in further studies to deep understand the nature of auditory scene analysis within various groups.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

Auditory scene analysis is defined as a listener's ability to segregate a meaningful message from meaningless background noise in a listening environment. To gain better understanding of auditory perception in terms of message integration and segregation ability among concurrent signals, we aimed to systematically review the size of auditory scenes among individuals. A total of seven electronic databases were searched from 2000 to the present with related key terms. Using our inclusion criteria, 4,507 articles were classified according to four sequential steps-identification, screening, eligibility, included. Following study selection, the quality of four included articles was evaluated using the CAMARADES checklist. In general, studies concluded that the size of auditory scene increased as the number of sound sources increased; however, when the number of sources was five or higher, the listener's auditory scene analysis reached its maximum capability. Unfortunately, the score of study quality was not determined to be very high, and the number of articles used to calculate mean effect size and statistical significance was insufficient to draw significant conclusions. We suggest that study design and materials that consider realistic listening environments should be used in further studies to deep understand the nature of auditory scene analysis within various groups.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2007

In situations of spatio-temporal perception about visuo-auditory stimulus, researches propose optimal integration hypothesis that perceptual process is optimized to the interaction of the senses for the precision of perception. So, when the visual information considered generally dominant over any other sense is ambiguous, the information of the other sense like auditory stimulus influences the perceptual process in interaction with visual information. Thus, we performed two different experiments to certain the conditions of the interacting senses and influence of the condition. We consider the interaction of the visuo-auditory stimulation in the free space, the color of visual stimulus and sex difference of testee with normal people. In first experiment, 12 participants were asked to judge the change in the frequency of audio-visual stimulation using a visual flicker and auditory flutter stimulation in the free space. When auditory temporal cues were presented, the change in the frequency of the visual stimulation was associated with a perceived change in the frequency of the auditory stimulation as the results of the previous studies using headphone. In second experiment, 30 male and 30 female were asked to judge the change in the frequency of audio-visual stimulation using a color of visual flicker and auditory flutter stimulation. In the color condition using red and green. Both male and female testees showed same perceptual tendency. male and female testees showed same perceptual tendency however, in case of female, the standard deviation is larger than that of male. This results implies that audio-visual asymmetry effects are influenced by the cues of visual and auditory information, such as the orientation between auditory and visual stimulus, the color of visual stimulus.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2013

This study attempted to compare usability of auditory interfaces, which is a comprehensive concept that includes safety, utility, effectiveness, and efficiency, in personal computing environments: verbal messages (speech sounds), earcons (musical sounds), and auditory icons (natural sounds). This study hypothesized that verbal messages would offer higher usability than earcons and auditory icons, since the verbal messages are easy to interpret and understand based on semiotic process. In this study, usability was measured by a set of seven items: ability to inform what the program is doing, relevance to visual interfaces, degree of stimulation, degree of understandability, perceived time pressure, clearness of sound outputs, and degrees of satisfaction. Through the experimental research, the results showed that verbal messages provided the highest level of usability. On the contrary, auditory icons showed the lowest level of usability, as they require users to establish new coding schemes, and thus demand more mental effort from users.