• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.80-94
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to identify attitudes toward advance directives (ADs) among female cancer patients and factors related to ADs. Methods: The study was conducted at a university hospital in Seoul from September 19, 2020, to January 20, 2021. The participants were 153 patients diagnosed with gynecological cancer or breast cancer. Data were collected using questionnaires and included general characteristics, disease- and AD-related characteristics, knowledge and attitudes about ADs, and attitudes about dignified death. Data were analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Only 2% of the participants completed ADs. The mean score for attitudes toward ADs was 3.30, indicating a positive knowledge and attitude toward dignified death. The factors related to attitudes toward ADs were attitudes toward dignified death (𝛽=0.25, P=0.001), experience discussing life-sustaining treatment (𝛽=0.17, P=0.037), preferred time to have a consultation about ADs (𝛽=0.19, P=0.046), intention to write ADs (𝛽=0.15, P=0.038), and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (𝛽=-0.37, P<0.001). The explanatory power of these variables for attitudes toward ADs was 38.5%. Conclusion: Overall, patients preferred to have a consultation about ADs when they were still active, mentally healthy, and able to make decisions. Education about ADs should be provided to patients on the first day of hospitalization for chemotherapy or while awaiting treatment in an outpatient setting so patients can write ADs and discuss them with family and friends.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.74-84
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• 2021

Purpose: This study investigated knowledge of and attitudes toward advance directives (ADs) among middle-aged women in South Korea, their willingness to write ADs in the future, and the factors related to knowledge of and attitudes toward ADs. Methods: Data were collected using a self-administrated questionnaire completed by 154 middle-aged women aged 50 to 64 from February to March 2020. The questionnaire asked about participants' knowledge of and attitude toward ADs, willingness to write ADs in the future, experiences with life-sustaining treatment within their families, experience making decisions about life-sustaining treatment, and demographic characteristics. Results: Scores for both knowledge of and attitude toward ADs were relatively high. About 60% of participants gave wrong answers when asked if attorneys were required for writing ADs. A higher knowledge score was significantly associated with a higher attitude score (r=0.227, P<0.01). The women were more likely to be willing to write ADs in the future when they reported a middle income level rather than a lower income level (odds ratio [OR]=5.952, P<0.01), considered themselves unhealthy (OR=5.873, P<0.01), and graduated college or higher (OR=4.096, P<0.05). Furthermore, women who thought that ADs would have an impact on treatment (OR=1.869, P<0.05) and on their families (OR=1.447, P<0.05) were more likely to be willing to write an AD. Conclusion: This study shows that wrong information about ADs persists among middle-aged women, and significant factors associated with knowledge of and attitude toward ADs were identified. Targeted education programs about ADs need to be developed for middle-aged women.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.172-183
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• 2021

The current study delves into millennial consumers' attitude toward 'undisclosed ads' and 'disclosed ads' through in-depth interviews. More specifically, this study explores how millennial consumers think of undisclosed ads and celebrity endorsers as well as influencers through interviewing 12 millennial consumers. In addition, this study also deals with millennial consumers' attitude toward disclosed ads and celebrity endorsers as well as influencers. Study results suggest that millennial consumers perceive 'undisclosed ads' as deceiving ads and hold negative attitude toward celebrity endorsers as well as influencers who are involved in 'undisclosed ads'. Interestingly, millennial consumers hold both positive and negative attitude toward 'disclosed ads'. 'Disclosed ads' could be delivered to millennial consumers without any reservation when it is integrated as an entertaining factor into contents. On the other hands, negative feelings could occur when 'disclosed ads' is frequently employed and is forcibly embedded in contents, making millennial consumers feel that it is imperative to watch 'disclosed ads' in order to enjoy free contents. In the discussion section practical implications are provided.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.15-23
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• 2019

Mobile devices have become the most influential media platform. Mobile advertising has thus grown much faster than any other type of advertising. This study is designed to examine antecedents of attitude toward mobile ads, antecedents such as irritation, personalization, and online information privacy concerns. The study also examines consumers' attitudes toward mobile ads as an antecedent of mobile advertising acceptance. Study findings suggest that irritation is not a statistically significant predictor of attitude toward mobile ads. An antecedent found to be positively related to attitude toward mobile ads is personalization and one found to be negatively related is online privacy concerns. Finally, consumers' attitudes toward mobile ads are found to be positively related to a general acceptance of mobile advertising. Practical implications are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.91-106
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• 1990

This study focuses on consumers' advertising discriminatory competencies and the influencing facors. So the objects of this study are as follows : 1) to identify the overall level of advertising discriminatory competencies. 2) to examine if consumer attitude variables have significant effects on the ads. discriminatory competenceis. 3) to examine if the frequencies of contacting advertising variable have significant effects on the ads. discriminatory competencies. 4) to examine if socio-economics variables-age, educational level, monthly family income, occupational status-have significant effects on the ads. discriminatory competencies. 5) to find out the independent influence of variables related to the ads. discriminatory competencies. For this purpose, a survey was conducted using questionaires and advertisement papers. The data used in this study included 194 Homemakers living in Seoul. The ads. used in this study included ads. of diary products like foods, drinks, medicine, cosmetic, detergent in TV, radio, newspaper and magagine. Statistics were Frequency Distribution, Mean, percentile, ANOVA, Scheff -test, Pearsons' Correlation, Multiple Regrassion Analysis. Major findings were as follows : First, in 26 items(70%) of 37 items measured consumers' ads. discriminatory competencies, the rate of right answer was below 50%, so over the half of consumers were misleaded by the deceptive ads. Second, consumers' ads. discriminatory competencies differed significantly according to consumer attitude variables but no according to the frequency of contacting advertising. Third, according to socio-demographic variables-age, educational level, monthly family income, occupational status-advertising discriminatory competencies differed significantly. In group of lower age, higher educational level, higher income and professional occupation status, the level of ads. discriminatory competencies were high. Forth, the most influencing variabel on ads. disciriminatory competencies were eudcational level and in turn general attitude toward ads., attitude toward consumerism. This three variables explain 22.9% of dependent variable's variance. From these findings, the following suggestions are made, First, the consumer education offering informations and learing practical ads. discriminatory competencies should be conducted for all consumers wheather they are educated or not. Also the education to improve the consumer attitude must be. Second, considering misleading level, the business must make the regulatory standards and reinforce the regulation voluntarily, and by enforcing the regulation of ads. and deciding more diverse, objective and exact standards, the government should keep the consumer's right to know.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.179-189
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• 2012

The purpose of this study examines the influence of brand concepts(symbolic vs. functional) and thinking styles(holistic vs. analytic) on the attitude toward extension ads.(rational/emotional) and product. The moderating effect of thinking styles was also tested. The results of this study are as follows: I) Brand concepts of parent brand had a significant effect on the attitude toward extension ads.(symbolic: no differences between rational and emotional ads., functional: rational ads. > emotional ads.) and extension product. 2) Thinking styles of consumers also did.(holistic: no differences between rational and emotional ads., analytic: rational > emotional ads.) and extension product. 3) The moderating effect of thinking styles was(rational ads.: symbolicfunctional).

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.449-458
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• 2015

Purpose: The aims of this study were to identify the reported attitudes of older patients with cancer toward advance directives (ADs) and the factors associated with their attitudes toward ADs. Methods: The design was a cross-sectional survey. The age mean of the 130 participants were 70.8, and 66.2% of the participants were male. The data were collected at one university hospital in Seoul, South Korea during the period from October $1^{st}$ to December $5^{th}$ in 2013. The data collecting instruments were the Advance Directives Attitude Survey (ADAS) and questionnaires including socio-demographic and disease-related characteristics, family function. Results: 30.0% of the participants were aware of ADs, only 9% of them had been informed by healthcare providers. Most participants (93.1%) intended to complete ADs. The mean score of ADAS was 48.29. The stepwise linear regression analysis indicated that family function, perceived health status, period of education, and age accounted for a significant percentage (52.0%, p<.001) of the variance in participants' ADAS. The variable with the greatest effect was family function. Conclusion: The findings suggest that family function and attitude of older cancer patients need to be considered for adapting ADs to Korean health care systems. Healthcare providers should include family members in advanced care planning discussions.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.112-121
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• 2016

The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of storytelling ads. To find out the effect, three different ads were created; one is no storytelling in ads, another is corporate storytelling ads, and the other is client storytelling ads. Each ads was exposed to high school students, and we analyzed their response to the ads such as ads recall, attitude toward ads, emotional response to ads, purchase intention, and the intention of word-of-mouth. The results showed that corporate storytelling ads among three ads was the most effective to recall the ads, and there was significant difference between corporate storytelling ads and no storytelling ads. In terms of attitude toward ads, there was significant difference between client storytelling and no storytelling ads. There were significant difference in positive emotion between client storytelling ads and no storytelling ads and between client storytelling ads and corporate storytelling ads, but no significant between corporate storytelling ads and no storytelling ads. Regarding emotion, students who were exposed to no storytelling ads showed the highest negative emotion, but the lowest negative emotion in client storytelling ads. There was significant difference in purchase intention between client storytelling and no storytelling ads and in the intention of word-of-mouth between corporate storytelling ads and no storytelling ads.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.14
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• pp.1-16
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• 2004

This paper explores the impact of banner exposure and clicking on brand-attitude changes and purchase intention changes. It is found that simple exposure to banner ads does not change people's initial brand-attitude and purchase intention, while voluntary exposure to target ads by clicking banner ads results in positive or negative brand attitude and purchase intention changes depending on the likability of the linked target ads from the banner ads. For methodology, this study employed a pretest posttest control group design and used online data collection technology called Cold Fusion. A total of 961 subjects participated in this research.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2024

Purpose: Advance directives (ADs) are legal documents that outline a person's preferences or decisions regarding end-of-life care ahead of time. In Korea, there is insufficient awareness and knowledge about ADs among patients undergoing hemodialysis. This study explored the relationship between perceptions of a good death, knowledge about ADs, and attitudes toward ADs in this patient population. Methods: This cross-sectional survey enrolled 119 hemodialysis patients from a secondary hospital in 2021. The participants completed a self-administered questionnaire, and the data were analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, Spearman rank correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The average score for perceptions of a good death among hemodialysis patients was 2.80 out of 4, with clinical symptoms identified as the most critical factor. The average scores for knowledge about ADs and attitudes toward ADs were 5.69 out of 9 and 2.79 out of 4, respectively. There was a positive correlation between perceptions of a good death and attitudes toward ADs (r=0.34, P<0.001), as well as between knowledge about Ads and attitudes toward ADs (r=0.19, P=0.037). Factors influencing attitudes toward Ads included employment status (β=0.22, P=0.011), education level (β=0.22, P=0.013), and perceptions of a good death (β=0.29, P=0.001), which accounted for 24.8% of the variance in attitudes toward ADs. Conclusion: A positive perception of a good death among patients undergoing hemodialysis was associated with a positive attitude toward ADs. Educational programs are needed to improve individuals' understanding of a good death and encourage the development of end-of-life care plans.